Coordinación docente de cuarto curso de Grado en Óptica y Optometría

En el marco del proyecto de Redes de Investigación en Docencia Universitaria 2012-13 de la Universidad de Alicante se creó una red de trabajo formada por los profesores encargados de la docencia del cuarto curso de Grado en Óptica y Optometría. La experiencia adquirida durante la implementación de los tres primeros cursos de dicho Grado ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de que exista un trabajo previo de desarrollo de contenidos y de organización temporal. El objetivo principal de esta red ha sido la coordinación entre los profesores de las diferentes asignaturas para evitar repeticiones y asegurar la consecución de las competencias previstas, así como una buena distribución de la carga docente y de las pruebas de evaluación. Para ello, se debatieron las propuestas de las diferentes asignaturas y se estableció un cronograma global del curso ubicando todas las actividades docentes que contribuyen con un peso determinado a la calificación final. Con este cronograma se pudo visualizar la carga de trabajo del alumno semanalmente, así como debatir las dificultades a las que se enfrenta para superar las diversas pruebas de evaluación continua en una determinada asignatura y cómo éstas afectan al rendimiento del resto de asignaturas

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Le mythe des colonies préhispaniques nahuas au Chiapas central

The mythical Nahua colonies in Central Chiapas during prehispanic times Despite much investigation, many incertitudes persist on the possible existence of permanent Nahuatl-speaking settlements in Central Chiapas in pre-hispanic times. In this paper we propose to examine the problem in the light of new historic sources. We will concentrate on three aspects of the problem. (1) The Nahua toponymy of the colonial villages of the Alcaldia Mayor of Chiapas ; (2) the claim that the valleys of Jitotol and the plateau of Ixtapa have had Nahua-speaking populations from the pre-hispanic era until the middle of this century ; and (3) the probable conquest of some villages by the Triple AllianceLa présence possible d'établissements permanents constitués de personnes parlant le nahuatl dans le Chiapas central au cours de la période préhispanique a fait l'objet de nombreuses études, sans que l'on soit pour autant arrivé à lever toutes les incertitudes sur ce sujet. Dans cet article, nous nous proposons de reprendre cette discussion à la lumière de nouvelles sources historiques. Notre attention se portera sur trois aspects du problème : la toponymie nahuatl des villages coloniaux de l'« alcaldia mayor » du Chiapas, la prétendue continuité du peuplement par des groupes parlant une variante du nahuatl depuis l'époque préhispanique jusqu'au milieu de ce siècle dans les vallées de Jitotol et sur le plateau d'Ixtapa et la probable conquête de certains villages par la Triple Alliance.El mito de las colonias prehispánicas nahuas en el Chiapas central La posible presencia de asentamientos de hablantes de nahuatl en la zona central de Chiapas durante el periodo prehispánico ha sido objeto de múltiples estudios, sin que рог ello se hayan logrado levantar todas las incertidumbres que existen al respecto. En este artículo nos propo- nemos retomar esta discusión a la luz de nuevas fuentes históricas. Nuestra atención se centrará en très de los principales aspectos del problema : la toponimia náhuatl de los pueblos coloniales de la alcaldia mayor de Chiapas ; la supuesta continuidad de poblamiento de grupos hablantes de una variante del náhuatl desde la época prehispánica hasta mediados de este siglo en los valles de Jitotol y en la meseta de Ixtapa ; y la posible conquista de ciertos pueblos de la región рог parte de la Triple Alianza.Pedro Viqueira Juan. Le mythe des colonies préhispaniques nahuas au Chiapas central. In: Journal de la Société des Américanistes. Tome 83, 1997. pp. 37-58

Quelques pages des livres de confréries de Chilón, Chiapas (1677-1720)

Les confréries des villages indiens de l’empire espagnol ont attiré l’attention de nombreux historiens, vu les diverses possibilités d’analyse dont ces institutions peuvent faire l’objet. Certains se sont intéressés à leurs aspects économiques en tant que caisses d’épargne qui permettaient de financer différentes activités productives et commerciales des Indiens. D’autres ont mis en relation les confréries de quartier (barrio, parcialidad) avec l’organisation socio-spatiale d’origine préhispa..

Une autre bibliographie sur les Indiens du Chiapas

Façade de la cathédrale de San Cristobal de Las Casas. Dans l’ancienne capitale du Chiapas, l’Église continue à jouer un rôle essentiel pour tous les habitants, comme l’a montré Monseigneur Samuel Ruiz Garcia en soutenant les rebelles néozapatistes. Cliché : Maria de los Angeles Rodriguez Alvarez. Plusieurs dizaines de livres, la grande majorité d’entre eux dans un but de propagande (en faveur de l’un ou l’autre camp), ont été écrits et publiés sur les Indiens du Chiapas et sur le néo-zapati..