A just-nonsolvable torsion-free group defined on the binary tree

AbstractA two-generator torsion-free subgroup of the group of finite-state automorphisms of the binary tree is constructed having the properties of being just-nonsolvable and residually “torsion-free solvable.” A presentation is produced for this subgroup in two generators and two relations together with their images under the iterated application of a certain simple substitution

Gametophyte interaction and sexual reproduction: how plants make a zygote

The evolutionary success of higher plants relies on a very short gametophytic phase, which underlies the sexual reproduction cycle. Sexual plant reproduction takes place in special organs of the flower: pollen, the male gametophyte, is released from the anthers and then adheres, grows and interacts along various tissues of the female organs, collectively known as the pistil. Finally, it fertilizes the female gametophyte, the embryo sac. Pollen is released as bi or tricellular, highly de-hydrated and presumably containing all the biochemical components and transcripts to germinate. Upon hydration on the female tissues, it develops a cytoplasmic extension, the pollen tube, which is one of the fastest growing cells in nature. Pollen is completely "ready-to-go", but despite this seemingly simple reaction, very complex interactions take place with the female tissues. In higher animals, genetic mechanisms for sex determination establish striking developmental differences between males and females. In contrast, most higher plant species develop both male and female structures within the same flower, allowing self-fertilization. Outcrossing is ensured by self-incompatibility mechanisms, which evolved under precise genetic control, controlling self-recognition and cell-to-cell interaction. Equally important is pollen selection along the female tissues, where interactions between different cell types with inherent signalling properties correspond to check-points to ensure fertilization. Last but not least, pollen-pistil interaction occurs in a way that enables the correct targeting of the pollen tubes to the receptive ovules. In this review, we cover the basic mechanisms underlying sexual plant reproduction, from the structural and cellular determinants, to the most recent genetic advances

Perigos e riscos bacteriologicos associados ao consumo de pescado no Brasil

SUMMARY The present study is a review of data available in Brazil on bacterial diseases transmitted through the consumption of seafood and related products. Data are presented regarding outbreaks and cases of disease and laboratory findings associated with pathogens in seafood and related products, and methods for prevention and control are described.RESUMO Esta revisão apresenta dados qualitativos e quantitativos sobre doenças bacterianas e achados laboratoriais associados ao consumo de pescado e derivados no Brasil de 1983 a 2011. Os resultados mostram uma séria lacuna de dados epidemiológicos relacionados a surtos causados por pescado. Os poucos dados disponíveis indicam que em contraste com outros surtos alimentares transmitidos por carne, aves, laticínios e vegetais, as bactérias patogênicas teriam um menor destaque na transmissão destas doenças pelo consumo de pescado e derivados. Vibrio parahaemolyticus parece ser a causa mais frequente das doenças causadas pelo consumo de pescado e derivados, bem como a bactéria patogênica mais comumente presente nesses produtos nas investigações laboratoriais

Spatial diet overlap and food resource in two congeneric mullet species revealed by stable isotopes and stomach content analyses

Food partitioning among coexisting species in different habitats remains an important research topic in trophic ecology. In this work, we combined carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios and stomach content analyses to investigate differences in diet and niche overlap of two congeneric juvenile mullet species (Mugil curema and Mugil liza) coexisting in a marine surf-zone and an estuarine zone in southern Brazil (29oS). These habitats have contrasting levels of food availability, especially in terms of prey diversity, with higher microalgae diversity in the estuary than in the marine surf-zone. In these contrasting conditions, we predicted that both mullet species will have (a) higher niche overlap and smaller niche breadth at the marine surf-zone due to the common exploration of highly abundant surf-zone diatoms and (b) lower niche overlap and higher niche breadth inside the estuary due to selective feeding on more diverse food resources. Isotope niche areas (measured as standard ellipse areas) were higher in the estuary (6.10 and 6.18) than in the marine surf-zone (3.68 and 3.37) for both M. curema and M. liza, respectively. We observed an overlap of 52% in isotopic niches of both species in the marine surf-zone and none in the estuary. We also found contrasting patterns in the diet composition between species according to the habitat. At the marine surfzone, diatoms of the classes Bacillariophyceae and Coscinodiscophyceae dominated (> 99%) the food content of both mullet species. In contrast, green algae, cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates and flagellates comprised the diet of both species in the estuary. These results could be explained by spatial differences in food availability (especially regarding diversity of microalgae) between both habitats. At the marine site, both species explored the most abundant microalgae available (mostly the surf-zone diatom Asterionellopsis cf. guyunusae and fragments of Coscinodiscus), whereas in the estuary both species shifted their diets to explore the greater diversity of microalgae resources. Overall, our findings revealed that niche partitioning theory could not fully predict changes in breadth and overlap of food niches of estuarine dependent fish species with complex life cycles encompassing marine to estuarine systems with contrasting food availabilities

SMED methodology applied to the deep drawing process in the automotive industry

The automotive industry has evolved, becoming increasingly demanding. Thus, it becomes necessary to increase the availability of equipment, reacting efficiently to be able to respond to customer requests. Nowadays, the strong development of this industry is based on three main pillars: competitiveness, product quality and response time to requests. The focus of this work is to increase the availability of a deep drawing machine with extremely high setup time, with the main objective of reducing the average setup time by 20%. This reduction is even more important when it comes to the internal setup time, the time the machine is stopped. Thus, the Single-Minute Exchange of Die technique was applied and work standards were improved to reduce the equipment setup time, increasing the machine availability, leading to a production increased output. As a result of this work, it was possible to standardize setup, reducing 38% of total machine setup time, 53% of internal setup time and increasing 7.7% of OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) availability.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Distribution of non-LEE-encoded type 3 secretion system dependent effectors in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are important human gastroenteritis agents. The prevalence of six non-LEE genes encoding type 3 translocated effectors was investigated. The nleC, cif and nleB genes were more prevalent in typical than in atypical EPEC, although a higher diversity of genes combinations was observed in atypical EPEC.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e ParasitologiaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Microbiologia e ImunologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de Microbiologia, Imunologia e ParasitologiaSciEL

Epidemiology of autism spectrum disorder in Portugal: prevalence, clinical characterization, and medical conditions

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and identify its clinical characterization, and medical conditions in a paediatric population in Portugal. A school survey was conducted in elementary schools, targeting 332,808 school-aged children in the mainland and 10,910 in the Azores islands. Referred children were directly assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn), the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Clinical history and a laboratory investigation was performed. In parallel, a systematic multi-source search of children known to have autism was carried out in a restricted region. The global prevalence of ASD per 10,000 was 9.2 in mainland, and 15.6 in the Azores, with intriguing regional differences. A diversity of associated medical conditions was documented in 20%, with an unexpectedly high rate of mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders

Freedom To Operate (fto) For Management Of New Technologies: The Importance Of Intellectual Property

The acceleration, increase and deepening of innovation processes, as well as the integration of national economies in an economic system that operates in global scale had a strong impact over existing intellectual property systems. A large number of international treaties and agreements were consolidated during the negotiations of the Uruguay Round/WTO, which since then acts like a basis to renovate the national systems of IP protection and as a reference to the management of growing conflicts on this matter. The diffusion of knowledge and the encouragement to innovation foster the appearing and functioning of the intellectual property protection system. Even more, the universe of research has a large number of protected technologies. In this sense, it is increased the complexity of innovation in every knowledge area. More and more the innovations depend on a larger set of pre-existing technologies. In this respect, there is a need of making a preliminary search in order to understand the technology routes of certain innovations. Hence the need to do a search in a patent database in order to identify other documents that need to be part of a technology FTO. Keywords: freedom to operate, technological innovation, intellectual property.3461Ávila, J.P.C., Desenvolvimento, inovação e propriedade intelectual no Brasi (2008) A história da tecnologia brasileira contada por patentes., , Rio de Janero: INPIAdolfo, L.G.S., Moraes, R., (2008) Propriedade intelectual em perspectiva, , Rio de Janeiro: Lumen JuirsAndersen, B., If intellectual property rights is the answer, what is the question? 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+ Idade + Saúde – Programa de exercício físico regular para idosos

O número de idosos irá quase triplicar até 2050, e com isso, promover estratégias um envelhecimento ativo a nível mundial são fundamentais. Com isso, no município de Bragança, Norte de Portuga, foi criado o + idade + saúde, um programa de exercício físico regular, do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB). Objetivo: Promover a saúde física e mental de idosos por meio de exercício físico regular, além de servir de campo para investigações a nível de mestrado e doutoramento. Objetivos: Avaliar, prescrever e orientar a prática de exercício físico adotado para idosos. Métodos: A amostra toral é composta por um grupo de 90 homens e mulheres idosos, que treinam 3 vezes por semana, de 09:00 às 10:00, com duração de 50 minutos cada sessão, sendo divididos em dois grupos, o grupo A (n =30, treino multicomponente, TMC), e o grupo B (n =30, treino intervalado de alta intensidade, HIIT), e grupo de controlo de idosos fisicamente inativos (n =30). Será avaliada a aptidão funcional através do Functional Fitness Test: a força e a resistência dos membros superiores (MS) e inferiores (MI), a flexibilidade dos MI e MS, a agilidade e o equilíbrio dinâmico, a resistência aeróbia; a composição corporal; nível de atividade física, a qualidade de vida, a qualidade do sono, e os índices de solidão dos idosos. Resultados esperados: Esperamos que o treino HIIT (grupo B) surta efeitos maiores e significativos na capacidade funcional, qualidade de vida e bem-estar, e qualidade do sono dos idosos.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio