Urbs e civitas: a formação dos espaços e territórios urbanos nas minas setecentistas

O presente artigo procura situar a evolução das abordagens acerca da cidade colonial mineira dentro da perspectiva mais ampla dos estudos sobre o urbanismo colonial português. A análise privilegia os trabalhos que, em vez de se aterem aos aspectos ligados à estética urbana, procuraram relacioná-los às questões fundiárias e à constituição das redes e hierarquias urbanas.This article seeks to situate the evolution of approaches to the study of the colonial towns of Minas Gerais placing them in the broader perspective of studies on the Portuguese colonial urbanism. Instead of restricting our approach to questions of urban aesthetics, the analysis focuses on the works that tried to relate these questions to aspects of land ownership and to the establishment of networks and urban hierarchies

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Assessment of syndecan-4 expression in the hearts of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice and human subjects with chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2019-01-25T17:30:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LAROCCA,T.F. Assessment of syndecan-4...2018.pdf: 10166331 bytes, checksum: 0c3c0d4a7677f38a2fd443a1fc5f6d95 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2019-01-25T17:58:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LAROCCA,T.F. Assessment of syndecan-4...2018.pdf: 10166331 bytes, checksum: 0c3c0d4a7677f38a2fd443a1fc5f6d95 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-25T17:58:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LAROCCA,T.F. Assessment of syndecan-4...2018.pdf: 10166331 bytes, checksum: 0c3c0d4a7677f38a2fd443a1fc5f6d95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018National Council for Research (CNPq), Research Foundation of Bahia State (FAPESB), and Funding Authority for Studies and Projects (FINEP).Hospital São Rafael. Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Hospital São Rafael. Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Hospital São Rafael. Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Hospital São Rafael. Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Hospital São Rafael. Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Hospital São Rafael. Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Hospital São Rafael. Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade federal da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Messejana Hospital. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.Messejana Hospital. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil.Hospital São Rafael. Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Hospital São Rafael. Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is characterized by the presence of a multifocal inflammatory response and myocardial damage, leading to fibrosis, arrhythmias and ventricular dysfunction. The expression of syndecan-4, a transmembrane proteoglycan, was previously found to be increased in the hearts of mice chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. The possible involvement of syndecan-4 in the disease pathogenesis, however, remains unknown. Here we evaluated the pattern of expression of syndecan-4 in the heart tissue of T. cruzi infected mice and subjects with Chagas cardiomyopathy, correlating with the degree of inflammation and fibrosis

Impunidade no Brasil: Colônia e Império

A IMPUNIDADE está no centro do debate político brasileiro. Um olhar retrospectivo para a história do Brasil, tendo como referência a aplicação da pena de morte para delitos comuns (em contraposição a delitos políticos, militares e religiosos), a partir de documentos legais e do relato de historiadores, cronistas e viajantes, mostra que a impunidade sempre esteve na ordem do dia. A despeito da violência repressiva, marcante em diversos momentos, a ausência de efetividade do direito penal tal como escrito, seja pela prática do perdão, seja pela falta de vontade política, seja pela dificuldade de meios, é uma constante nos períodos colonial e imperial.<br>IMPUNITY is at the core of the Brazilian political debate. A retrospective look at legal documents and accounts by historians, travelers and chroniclers for references to the application of the death penalty for common crimes (as opposed to political, military and religious offenses) shows that impunity has always been the order of the day in the history of Brazil. Despite the repressive violence, evident at several moments, a constant feature of both Colonial and Imperial periods was the ineffectiveness of the penal law as it was written, made so either by the granting of pardons, the lack of political will or by practical impediments

Amoedação e oferta monetária em Minas Gerais: as Casas de Fundição e Moeda de Vila Rica

RESUMO As Casas de Fundição e Moeda de Vila Rica, que funcionaram entre 1724 e 1735, cunharam mais moeda do que as Casas da Moeda de Lisboa e do Rio de Janeiro juntas. Por si só, estes dados permitem levantar questões sobre a oferta monetária de um lado e outro do Atlântico. Neste artigo, de um lado, são apresentadas a contabilidade e as rotinas de amoedação das Casas de Vila Rica e, de outro, é analisado o volume de remessas líquidas feitas pelas Casas da Moeda e Fundição de Vila Rica, Rio de Janeiro e Bahia para a metrópole na primeira metade do século XVIII. Por fim, discute a monetização da economia brasileira no período e sinaliza para a necessidade de uma revisão urgente da perspectiva adotada largamente no que respeita à circulação monetária na colônia.ABSTRACT Between 1724 and 1735, the Mint House of Vila Rica produced more coins than its congener in Lisbon and Rio de Janeiro, even if both were taken together. As a matter of fact, these data allows us to raise issues about the monetary offer in both sides of the Atlantic. This article presents, besides the current accounts and routines of coinage, evidences demonstrating the volume of net remittances made by the Casas de Moeda e Fundição of Vila Rica, Rio de Janeiro and Bahia to the metropolis. It argues the monetization of Brazilian economy in the period and points out to the need for an urgent revision of the widely adopted approach in the field of the monetary circulation in the colony