Effect of year period, air temperature and relative humidity on the growing-finishing boars performance

Foi analisado o efeito da época do ano no desempenho de suínos machos não castrados, dos 25 aos 100 kg de peso vivo. Os animais que iniciaram o teste nos meses de setembro a janeiro (época quente) apresentaram maior ganho diário de peso (864 g x 831 g) e melhor conversão alimentar (2,64 x 2,74) do que os animais que iniciaram o teste nos meses de março a julho (época fria). A análise da temperatura e umidade relativa do ar (médias do período de teste) indicou que, dentro da faixa de temperatura de 16 a 26°C com umidade relativa do ar igual a 80%, ou menor, o ganho de peso dos suínos foi maior nas temperaturas mais baixas (16 a 18°C) e nas mais elevadas (24 a 26°C). Ocorreu um efeito prejudicial da umidade relativa do ar, quando maior que 80%, em condições de temperatura de 16 a 22°C, no ganho de peso e conversão alimentar dos suínos.The effect of year period, air temperature and relative humidity on the growing-finishing boars performance was analysed. The animals were tested from 25 to 100 kg of live weight. The swine tested in the warm period showed better daily-weight gain and food conversion (864 g and 2,64) than those tested in the cold period (831 g and 2,74). In the range of temperature from 16 to 26°C with relative humidity lower than or equal to 80%, the results showed that the daily weight gain was better in the lowest (16 to 18°C) and in the highest (24 to 26°C) temperatures, but the differences were not significant. The relative humidity greater than 80% with temperature interval from 16 to 22°C decreased the daily weight gain and the efficiency of food conversion

Invisible Z-Boson Decays at e+e- Colliders

The measurement of the invisible Z-boson decay width at e+e- colliders can be done "indirectly", by subtracting the Z-boson visible partial widths from the Z-boson total width, or "directly", from the process e+e- -> \gamma \nu \bar{\nu}. Both procedures are sensitive to different types of new physics and provide information about the couplings of the neutrinos to the Z-boson. At present, measurements at LEP and CHARM II are capable of constraining the left-handed Z\nu\nu-coupling, 0.45 <~ g_L <~ 0.5, while the right-handed one is only mildly bounded, |g_R| <= 0.2. We show that measurements at a future e+e- linear collider at different center-of-mass energies, \sqrt{s} = MZ and \sqrt{s}s ~ 170 GeV, would translate into a markedly more precise measurement of the Z\nu\nu-couplings. A statistically significant deviation from Standard Model predictions will point toward different new physics mechanisms, depending on whether the discrepancy appears in the direct or the indirect measurement of the invisible Z-width. We discuss some scenarios which illustrate the ability of different invisible Z-boson decay measurements to constrain new physics beyond the Standard Model

Efeitos das deficiências de alguns micronutrientes em dois cultivares (Santa Rosa e UFV-1) de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merill)

Two soybean varieties were grown in nutrient solution either in the presence on in the absence of B, Cu and Zn. Symptoms of deficiency were observed. Dry matter production and yield data were recorded. Leaf analyses were made in the end of the pod filling period (except in the case of the minus B treatment in which plants failed to produce grains). Main conclusions were the following: (1) lack of B in the substrate affected dry matter production more than the deficiencies of Cu and Zn; (2) Cu deficiency reduced growth and yield formation more than the lack of Zn; (3) symtoms of deficiency are in agreement with those already described; (4) variety UFV-1 seems more sensitive to the deficiency of micronutrients than Santa Rosa; (5) leaf levels of B and Zn indicative of adequate nutritional status seem to be different for the two varieties.Os cultivares de soja Santa Rosa e UFV-1 foram cultivados em solução nutritiva deficiente em B, Cu ou Zn. As plantas carentes em B não completaram o ciclo, enquanto as demais o fizeram. A carência de Cu afetou a produção de matéria seca e a de vagens mais que a falta de Zn. Quantitativamente, as deficiências induzidas afetaram a variedade UFV - 1 mais que a Santa Rosa

Evaluation of turbulent dissipation rate retrievals from Doppler Cloud Radar

Turbulent dissipation rate retrievals from cloud radar Doppler velocity measurements are evaluated using independent, in situ observations in Arctic stratocumulus clouds. In situ validation data sets of dissipation rate are derived using sonic anemometer measurements from a tethered balloon and high frequency pressure variation observations from a research aircraft, both flown in proximity to stationary, ground-based radars. Modest biases are found among the data sets in particularly low- or high-turbulence regimes, but in general the radar-retrieved values correspond well with the in situ measurements. Root mean square differences are typically a factor of 4-6 relative to any given magnitude of dissipation rate. These differences are no larger than those found when comparing dissipation rates computed from tetheredballoon and meteorological tower-mounted sonic anemometer measurements made at spatial distances of a few hundred meters. Temporal lag analyses suggest that approximately half of the observed differences are due to spatial sampling considerations, such that the anticipated radar-based retrieval uncertainty is on the order of a factor of 2-3. Moreover, radar retrievals are clearly able to capture the vertical dissipation rate structure observed by the in situ sensors, while offering substantially more information on the time variability of turbulence profiles. Together these evaluations indicate that radar-based retrievals can, at a minimum, be used to determine the vertical structure of turbulence in Arctic stratocumulus clouds

Electroweak Radiative Corrections to Neutral-Current Drell-Yan Processes at Hadron Colliders

We calculate the complete electroweak O(alpha) corrections to pp, pbar p -> l+l- X (l=e, mu) in the Standard Model of electroweak interactions. They comprise weak and photonic virtual one-loop corrections as well as real photon radiation to the parton-level processes q bar q -> gamma,Z -> l+l-. We study in detail the effect of the radiative corrections on the l+l- invariant mass distribution, the cross section in the Z boson resonance region, and on the forward-backward asymmetry, A_FB, at the Fermilab Tevatron and the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The weak corrections are found to increase the Z boson cross section by about 1%, but have little effect on the forward-backward asymmetry in the Z peak region. Threshold effects of the W box diagrams lead to pronounced effects in A_FB at m(l+l-) approx 160 GeV which, however, will be difficult to observe experimentally. At high di-lepton invariant masses, the non-factorizable weak corrections are found to become large.Comment: Revtex3 file, 39 pages, 2 tables, 12 figure

Multimessenger astronomy with the Einstein Telescope

Gravitational waves (GWs) are expected to play a crucial role in the development of multimessenger astrophysics. The combination of GW observations with other astrophysical triggers, such as from gamma-ray and X-ray satellites, optical/radio telescopes, and neutrino detectors allows us to decipher science that would otherwise be inaccessible. In this paper, we provide a broad review from the multimessenger perspective of the science reach offered by the third generation interferometric GW detectors and by the Einstein Telescope (ET) in particular. We focus on cosmic transients, and base our estimates on the results obtained by ET's predecessors GEO, LIGO, and Virgo.Comment: 26 pages. 3 figures. Special issue of GRG on the Einstein Telescope. Minor corrections include

Malaria vectors in the Brazilian Amazon: Anopheles of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus

Various species of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) were studied in the Amazon with the objective of determining their importance as malaria vectors. Of the 33 known Anopheles species occurring in the Amazon, only 9 were found to be infected with Plasmodium. The different species of this subgenus varied both in diversity and density in the collection areas. The populations showed a tendency towards lower density and diversity in virgin forest than in areas modified by human intervention. The principal vector, An. darlingi, is anthropophilic with a continuous activity cycle lasting the entire night but peaking at sunset and sunrise. These species (Nyssorhynchus) are peridomiciliary, entering houses to feed on blood and immediately leaving to settle on nearby vegetation. Anopheles nuneztovari proved to be zoophilic, crepuscular and peridomiciliary. These habits may change depending on a series of external factors, especially those related to human activity. There is a possibility that sibling species exist in the study area and they are being studied with reference to An. darlingi. An. albitarsis and An. nuneztovari. The present results do not suggest the existence of subpopulations of An. darlingi in the Brazilian Amazon

ΑΓΕΛΑΔΙΝΟ ΠΡΩΤΟΓΑΛΑ ΒΕΛΤΙΩΝΕΙ ΤΗΝ ΟΣΤΙΚΗ ΜΙΚΡΟΔΟΜΗ ΤΩΝ ΑΡΟΥΡΑΙΩΝ ΜΕ ΩΟΘΗΚΕΚΤΟΜΗ ΚΑΙ ΟΡΧΕΚΤΟΜΗ

Το αγελαδινό πρωτόγαλα ενισχύει τον αναβολισμό των οστών, ωστόσο ο ακριβής μηχανισμός δεν είναι γνωστός. Σκοπός μελέτης: Η εκτίμηση της επίδρασης διαφορετικών δόσεων πρωτογάλακτος σε αρουραίους με ωοθηκεκτομή και ορχεκτομή και ο προσδιορισμός του μηχανισμού επίδρασής του στα οστά. Αγελαδινό πρωτόγαλα χορηγήθηκε σε θηλυκούς (n=32) και αρσενικούς (n=32) αρουραίους που τυχαιοποιήθηκαν στις α) ομάδα ελέγχου (ΟΕ), β) ομάδα 1 (Ο1) (θηλυκοί=0.5 gr/μέρα, αρσενικοί=1.0 gr/μέρα), γ) ομάδα 2 (Ο2) (θηλυκοί=1 gr/μέρα, αρσενικοί= 1.5 gr/μέρα) και δ) ομάδα 3 (Ο3) (θηλυκοί=1.5 gr/μέρα, αρσενικοί= 2.0 gr/μέρα). Η οστική μικροαρχιτεκτονική και η γονιδιακή έκφραση του παράγοντα VEGF-A, μετρήθηκαν πριν και μετά από 4μηνη χορήγηση. Στους αρσενικούς αρουραίους της Ο1, η πορώδης σύσταση του φλοιού και το μέγεθος των πόρων μειώθηκαν (41.9% και 25.7% αντίστοιχα, p<0.05) σε σχέση με την ΟΕ, ενώ παρατηρήθηκε αύξηση του φλοιώδους όγκου και πυκνότητας (89.7% και 134.9% αντίστοιχα, p<0.01) και του δοκιδωτού πάχους, όγκου και πυκνότητας (37.3%, 24.6% και 7.5% αντίστοιχα, p<0.01) μετά τη χορήγηση. Στην Ο2 παρατηρήθηκαν παρόμοια αποτελέσματα, ενώ το δοκιδωτό πορώδες μειώθηκε (8.1%, p<0.01). Στην Ο3 μειώθηκε ο δοκιδωτός διαχωρισμός (29.3%, p<0.05). Στους θηλυκούς αρουραίους της Ο1 δεν παρατηρήθηκαν αλλαγές μετά τη χορήγηση, ωστόσο στις Ο2 και Ο3 μειώθηκε η σύσταση του πορώδους φλοιού (ΟΕ= 65.75±4.22. Ο2= 25.16±8.83. Ο3=25.22±8.54%, p<0.01) και βελτιώθηκε το δοκιδωτό πάχος (ΟΕ=12.22±0.99; Ο2=21.11±3.28; Ο3=18.39±2.45 μm, p<0.01). επίσης, στην Ο3 παρουσιάστηκε αύξηση της γονιδιακής έκφρασης του VEGFA (2.37±1.83, p<0.05). Το αγελαδινό πρωτόγαλα διατηρεί την οστική μάζα των αρουραίων με ωοθηκεκτομή και ορχεκτομή, ενισχύοντας τον οστικό σχηματισμό. Ο παράγοντας VEGF-A φαίνεται να παίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στη διαδικασία