SANITARY PROTECTION OF THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. REPORT 1. THE PRINCIPLES OF DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH TO THE ORGANIZATION OF ACTIVITIES OF THE SANITARY PROTECTION OF THE TERRITORY AT THE LEVEL OF MUNICIPALITIES

A differentiated approach to the organization of measures for sanitary protection of the territory, based on the analysis of the transport and. facility components of risk emergency situations in the field of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population is proposed. The total evaluation of the external and. internal components of the risk emergency situations for each municipality of a region of the Russian Federation allows to determine type of readiness to conduct activities of the sanitary protection of the territory for a given area. The ranking of the region of the Russian Federation will contribute to the achievement of optimum readiness of the Institutions of Public Health and. sanitary-epidemiological surveillance at the level of municipalities to the occurrence of diseases, requiring measures of sanitary protection

Модели устройств и технологии передачи обработки данных в сетях интернета вещей

The subject of research is the analysis and definition of the information model of devices, the choice of technologies and protocols for data collection and analysis, routing protocols for the Internet of Things (IoT) networks. The purpose of the article is to create an information model of IoT devices, to define technologies and protocols for data transmission and processing and routing in Internet of Things systems. Building an information model of an IoT device includes identifying data sources and their formats, creating a model and data structure, and analyzing them using tools such as: Eclipse Vorto ThingBoard, Ubodots IoT, Node-Red-UI, freeboard.io . An example of a description of a model of microclimate control devices using the Eclipse Vorto toolkit is given. Two main data processing technologies from IoT devices are considered: IBM Watson IoT, Cisco IWF with examples of their application. Radio frequency, infrared, optical and galvanic technologies for interaction between data collection and data transmission devices in IoT networks with examples of their use are discussed. The areas of application of three main IoT network protocols are considered: MQTT (large corporate networks), CoAP (limited networks on the Internet), Bluetooth Low Energy (local networks without the Internet with a small amount of data).Wi-Fi WebSockets, ZigBee, LoRA, Simple RF, XMPP, RFID, NFC can be used as additional protocols for networks. The features of using routing protocols in IoT networks are discussed: RPL (low power consumption), cognitive RPL (for intelligent networks), CARP (for underwater communication networks), E-CARP (for data reuse).Предметом исследований является анализ и определение информационной модели устройств, выбор технологий и протоколов сбора и анализа данных, протоколов маршрутизации для сетей Интернета вещей (IoT). Цель статьи ‒ создание информационной модели IoT устройств, определение технологий и протоколов передачи и обработки данных и маршрутизации в системах Интернет вещей. Построение информационной модели IoT-устройства включает определение источников данных и их форматов, создание модели и структуры данных, их  анализ с помощью таких инструментов как: Eclipse Vorto ThingBoard, Ubodots IoT, Node-Red-UI, freeboard.io. Приведен пример описания модели устройств управления микроклиматом с использованием инструментария Eclipse Vorto. Рассмотрены две основные технологии обработки данных от IoT устройств: IBM Watson IoT, Cisco IWF с примерами их применения. Обсуждены радиочастотная, инфракрасная, оптическая и гальваническая технологии для взаимодействия между устройствами сбора данных и передачи данных в сетях IoT с примерами их использования.  Обсуждены области применения трех основных сетевых протоколов IoT: MQTT (большие корпоративные сети), CoAP (ограниченные сети в интернете), Bluetooth Low Energy (локальные сети без интернета с небольшим объемом данных).В качестве дополнительных протоколов для сетей  могут использоваться Wi-Fi WebSockets, ZigBee, LoRA, Simple RF, XMPP, RFID, NFC. Обсуждены особенности использования протоколов маршрутизации в IoT сетях: RPL (с низким энергопотреблением), cognitive RPL (для интеллектуальных сетей), CARP (для сетей подводной связи), Е-CARP (для многократного использования данных). Результаты исследований применяются для построения сети IoT анализа качества продукции

Scheme of soil stability losses in the laboratory tray

The object of the research is the diagram of the stability loss of the soil foundation. Currently, there are still discussions about how the stability of the subgrade undergoes the combined action of vertical and horizontal loads. Most often, in the calculation, the sliding surface is taken to be circular. Whether this is true, especially for a heterogeneous or anisotropic base, is an important question today. In the work, chute tests were carried out, with modeling of the scheme of loss of stability of anisotropic and isotropic bases and results were obtained that confirm the formation of a circular cylindrical sliding surface

Scheme of soil stability losses in the laboratory tray

The object of the research is the diagram of the stability loss of the soil foundation. Currently, there are still discussions about how the stability of the subgrade undergoes the combined action of vertical and horizontal loads. Most often, in the calculation, the sliding surface is taken to be circular. Whether this is true, especially for a heterogeneous or anisotropic base, is an important question today. In the work, chute tests were carried out, with modeling of the scheme of loss of stability of anisotropic and isotropic bases and results were obtained that confirm the formation of a circular cylindrical sliding surface

Fracture toughness in some hetero-modulus composite carbides: carbon inclusions and voids. Advances in Applied Ceramics

Fracture toughness of ceramics in some cases can be significantly improved by the inclusion of low-modulus phase and even voids. Structure and mechanical characteristics of dense ceramic composites synthesised by reactive hot pressing of TiC-B4C powder mixtures at 1800 - 1950°С under 30MPa during 16 minutes are investigated. X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM and EDX) have shown that during hot pressing solid phase chemical interaction 2TiС + B4C = 2TiВ2 + 3С has occurred resulting in TiB2-TiC-C, TiB2-C or TiB2-B4C-C hetero-modulus composite formation with approximately 1μm carbon precipitates. The volume of such precipitated carbon can reach 35 vol. %. The fracture toughness depends on the precipitate size and amount of graphite precipitation and has a distinct maximum K1C = 10MPa∙m1/2 at nearly 7 vol. % . Such fracture toughness behaviour is explained by the proposed model of crack propagation and the model-based assessment of hetero-modulus ceramic fracture toughness. It is shown that voids and low modulus carbon inclusions blunt the cracks and can increase ceramic toughness. The later has been demonstrated in the another carbon containing ceramic Cr2AlC, so named MAX phase material, when thin film fracture resistance increases as the ceramic was deposited to be porous

CURRENT ISSUES OF ANTI-EPIDEMIC READINESS OF A RUSSIAN FEDERATION REGION FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTIOUS DISEASES DANGEROUS FOR HUMANS. REPORT 1. CONCEPTS, TERMS, DEFINITIONS

In the last decade outbreaks and epidemics of infectious diseases dangerous for humans cause tension epidemiological situation in the world and in the Russian Federation. Epidemic manifestation of these diseases has symptoms of emergency situations and requires the use of additional forces and means of Public Health, as well as administrative, legal and financial support. The purpose of this study is formulation of the concept of "public health emergency situations associated with diseases dangerous for humans". In considering of definitions "emergency situation", "disease" and "event" in international and national law, the thesis is confirmed that epidemic manifestation of infectious diseases dangerous for humans, are signs of an emergency. In addition, the interpretation of these terms focuses on the distinction between potential risk and its actual implementation. Consequently, the threat of public health emergency situations should be viewed from the risk methodology, by which we proposed to evaluate internal and external epidemiological risks and to define its dominance for each municipality of the Russian Federation Region. Infectious diseases dangerous for humans which able to cause public health emergency situations, can be divided into three groups. 1. Diseases that form the external epidemiological risk - dangerous infectious diseases requiring measures for sanitary protection of the territory of the Russian Federation. 2. Diseases that form the internal epidemiological risk - dangerous infectious diseases, registration both single and mass indigenous events requires emergency response and using of additional forces and means of public health of the Region. 3. Infectious diseases of importance in regional pathology, prevention of which is to implement long-term programs. In the framework of this paper the definition of "public health emergency situations associated with diseases dangerous for humans" is proposed. It focuses on the feasibility of upgrading approaches to priority directions of anti-epidemic readiness of the Russian Federation Region, taking into account the probability of epidemiological risks