262 research outputs found
Quantification and characterization of water and wastewater in dairy farms. I. Water demand and effluent management
This study was carried out to quantify and characterize water demands in the different stages of
the milking process and effluent management, in order to establish management criteria in dairy
farms in Buenos Aires. Sixty-five dairy farms in three dairy areas were selected, and their farmers
were surveyed. Water volumes used during the different milking routines were quantified in six of
them, these will later become part of the total effluent. Surveys showed the several destinations of effluent generated during the milking process. Some, like effluent discharge into water bodies, may
result in their contamination. Others, such as poorly designed effluent storages, could be responsible
for the leaching of pollutants into groundwater. It was established that 74,47 to 91,29% of the total
water volume was used by the plate-cooler operation (4,65?9,20 L.water/L.milk). Groundwater used
by the plate-cooler can be reused, as its quality is not affected. This characterization allows to adequate
and diminish water volumes used in dairy farms, giving priority to those practices that represent the
largest water demands. The rational water use and effluent management will allow to minimize the
potential environmental impact from one of the most important livestock productions in this region.Fil: Nosetti, L. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Herrero, M.A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Producción Animal. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Pol, M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Producción Animal. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Maldonado May, V. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Producción Animal. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Iramain, M.S. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Producción Animal. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Flores, M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaEl objetivo fue cuantificar la demanda de agua en las distintas operaciones realizadas durante el
ordeño y caracterizar el manejo de los efluentes, para establecer criterios de manejo en tambos de
Buenos Aires. Se seleccionaron y encuestaron 65 tambos en tres cuencas lecheras. Se caracterizaron
6 para cuantificar los caudales utilizados en las distintas rutinas durante el ordeño y que son generadoras
del efluente final. Las encuestas mostraron varios destinos del efluente eliminado. Algunos, como el
vertido a cuerpos de agua superficial resultan en un impacto en su posible contaminación, otros,
como las lagunas de tratamiento mal diseñadas son un riesgo para la contaminación de aguas
subterráneas. El mayor volumen de agua utilizada en el ordeño corresponde a la placa de refrescado
(4,65 a 9,2 L.agua/L.leche producida) significando el 74,47% al 91,29% del consumo total. Esta
fracción es la que posee mayores alternativas de reutilización, porque es agua subterránea que no
altera su calidad durante el uso. Esta caracterización permite adecuar y disminuir el consumo de agua
en los tambos, en función de las prácticas que mostraron mayores consumos. Un manejo racional del
agua y de los efluentes permitirá disminuir el impacto ambiental de una de las producciones ganaderas
más importantes de la región
Quantification and characterization of water and wastewater in dairy farms II. Effluent quality and treatment process efficiency
This study was carried out in three dairy production areas in Buenos Aires. Effluent quality,
treatment process efficiency, water management strategies and environmental contamination risk by
effluent discharge, was characterized in 9 dairy farms. Holding area feces were measured. Treatment
lagoons were sampled. Physicochemical and microbiological qualities, and BOD and COD were
determined, and used as environmental risk indicators. Plate-cooler water management strategies
were established in order to divide the dairy farms in two groups (G1 and G2). Treatment lagoons
were inefficient in regards to effluent treatment. BOD, COD, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and
enterococci found in the samples were not within acceptable values according to effluent discharge
guidelines. NPK concentration would allow its potential use as a nutrient source. Variability found in
the several parameters measured is related to the different lagoons? characteristics and water
management strategies. Significant differences (p<0.05) were detected in N and P contents between
G1 and G2. Proper environmental management in animal production systems requires an appropriate
wastewater handling within each farm.Fil: Nosetti, L. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Herrero, M.A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Producción Animal. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Pol, M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Producción Animal. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Maldonado May, V. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Producción Animal. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Korol, S. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Rossi, S. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Gemini, V. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Cátedra de Higiene y Sanidad. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Flores, M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Salud Pública. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaEl estudio fue realizado en tres cuencas lecheras de Buenos Aires. Se caracterizaron en 9
establecimientos, la calidad de efluentes, la eficiencia de los sistemas de tratamiento, la estrategia del
manejo del agua en el ordeño y el riesgo de contaminación ambiental por el vertido de efluentes.
Fueron cuantificadas las heces en corrales de espera. Se tomaron muestras de las lagunas de tratamiento,
analizando la calidad fisicoquímica y microbiológica. La DBO y DQO fueron utilizados como
indicadores de riesgo ambiental. Los tambos fueron agrupados según la utilización del agua de la
placa de refrescado (G1 y G2). Las lagunas no resultaron eficientes ya que no completaron el tratamiento
de los efluentes, tampoco se obtuvieron valores aceptables de DQO, DBO, Nitrógeno (N), Fósforo
(P) y enterococos, compatibles con normativas de vertido para evitar la contaminación de cursos de
agua. La concentración de NPK permitiría su uso potencial como abono. La variabilidad de los
parámetros analizados se relaciona a las diferentes características de las lagunas y a los sistemas de
reutilización de agua. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p<0.05), entre G1 y G2, para el
contenido de nitrógeno y fósforo. Las necesidades de una gestión ambiental adecuada en los sistemas
de producción animal, requiere de un manejo apropiado de estos residuos dentro del mismo
establecimiento
Neonatal spontaneous biliary perforation: Case report
AbstractObjectiveSpontaneous biliary perforation in neonates is rare. The etiology of this pathology is idiopathic and various management strategies ranging from non-operative treatment to complex operations, such as biliary-enteric reconstruction, are performed, with few reported outcomes.Case reportA 3-week-old female, born at term, presented fever, abdominal distension, and acholic stool. An ultrasound was performed, which revealed generalized ascites and a poorly-defined collection. An emergency laparotomy confirmed perforation in the distal common bile duct and a biliary-enteric-anastomosis was performed.DiscussionWide drainage has been reported as the best initial management strategy for spontaneous biliary perforation, although it depends on the patient's clinical status and intraoperative findings.ConclusionsSpontaneous infantile biliary perforation is rare. Main management is wide drainage with, most perforations being resolved in 2 weeks
Evaluation of the safety, tolerance and efficacy of 1-year consumption of infant formula supplemented with Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 Lc40 or Bifidobacterium breve CECT7263: a randomized controlled trial
Background: The microorganism present in breast milk, added to other factors, determine the colonization of
infants. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the safety, tolerance and effects of the consumption of a
milk formula during the first year of life that is supplemented with L. fermentum CECT5716 or Bifidobacterium breve
CECT7263, two strains originally isolated from breast milk. Results: One hundred and eighty-nine infants completed the eleven months of intervention (61 in control group,
65 in Lf group and 63 in Bb group). The growth of infants in the three groups was consistent with standards. No
significant differences were observed in the main outcome, weight-gain (Control group: 5.77 Kg ± 0.95, Lf group:
5.77 Kg ± 1.31, Bb group: 5.58 Kg ± 1.10; p = 0.527). The three milk formulae were well tolerated, and no adverse
effects were related to the consumption of any of the formula. Infants receiving B. breve CECT7263 had a 1.7 times
lower risk of crying than the control group (OR = 0.569, CI 95% 0.568–0.571; p = 0.001). On the other hand, the
incidence of diarrhoea in infants receiving the formula supplemented with L. fermentum CECT5716 was a 44%
lower than in infants receiving the control formula (p = 0.014). The consumption of this Lactobacillus strain also
reduced the duration of diarrhoea by 2.5 days versus control group (p = 0.044).
Conclusions: The addition of L. fermentum CECT5716 Lc40 or B. breve CECT7263, two probiotic strains naturally
found in breast milk, to infant formulae is safe and induces beneficial effects on the health of infants.This work was funded by Biosearch Life supported by a grant from the
Agency of Innovation and Development of Andalusia (IDEA-Spain), Cofinanced
by European Regional Development Fund (EC). Project Tittle: “New
applications of probiotic strains and derived compounds with biological activity
(POSTBIO)” and partially funded by Lactalis-Puleva (Granada, Spain)
Providing High-Quality Care for Limited English Proficient Patients: The Importance of Language Concordance and Interpreter Use
Background: Provider–patient language discordance is related to worse quality care for limited English proficient (LEP) patients who speak Spanish. However, little is known about language barriers among LEP Asian-American patients. Objective: We examined the effects of language discordance on the degree of health education and the quality of interpersonal care that patients received, and examined its effect on patient satisfaction. We also evaluated how the presence/absence of a clinic interpreter affected these outcomes. Design: Cross-sectional survey, response rate 74%. Participants: A total of 2,746 Chinese and Vietnamese patients receiving care at 11 health centers in 8 cities. Measurements: Provider–patient language concordance, health education received, quality of interpersonal care, patient ratings of providers, and the presence/absence of a clinic interpreter. Regression analyses were used to adjust for potential confounding. Results: Patients with language-discordant providers reported receiving less health education (β = 0.17, p < 0.05) compared to those with language-concordant providers. This effect was mitigated with the use of a clinic interpreter. Patients with language-discordant providers also reported worse interpersonal care (β = 0.28, p < 0.05), and were more likely to give low ratings to their providers (odds ratio [OR] = 1.61; CI = 0.97–2.67). Using a clinic interpreter did not mitigate these effects and in fact exacerbated disparities in patients’ perceptions of their providers. Conclusion: Language barriers are associated with less health education, worse interpersonal care, and lower patient satisfaction. Having access to a clinic interpreter can facilitate the transmission of health education. However, in terms of patients’ ratings of their providers and the quality of interpersonal care, having an interpreter present does not serve as a substitute for language concordance between patient and provider
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Biomedical applications of hydrogels: a review of patents and commercial products
Hydrogels have become very popular due to their unique properties such as high water content, softness, flexibility and biocompatibility. Natural and synthetic hydrophilic polymers can be physically or chemically cross-linked in order to produce hydrogels. Their resemblance to living tissue opens up many opportunities for applications in biomedical areas. Currently, hydrogels are used for manufacturing contact lenses, hygiene products, tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery systems and wound dressings. This review provides an analysis of their main characteristics and biomedical applications. From Wichterle’s pioneering work to the most recent hydrogel-based inventions and products on the market, it provides the reader with a detailed introduction to the topic and perspective on further potential developments
Native American ancestry significantly contributes to neuromyelitis optica susceptibility in the admixed Mexican population
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease with a higher prevalence in non-European populations. Because the Mexican population resulted from the admixture between mainly Native American and European populations, we used genome-wide microarray, HLA high-resolution typing and AQP4 gene sequencing data to analyze genetic ancestry and to seek genetic variants conferring NMO susceptibility in admixed Mexican patients. A total of 164 Mexican NMO patients and 1,208 controls were included. On average, NMO patients had a higher proportion of Native American ancestry than controls (68.1% vs 58.6%; p = 5 × 10–6). GWAS identified a HLA region associated with NMO, led by rs9272219 (OR = 2.48, P = 8 × 10–10). Class II HLA alleles HLA-DQB1*03:01, -DRB1*08:02, -DRB1*16:02, -DRB1*14:06 and -DQB1*04:02 showed the most significant associations with NMO risk. Local ancestry estimates suggest that all the NMO-associated alleles within the HLA region are of Native American origin. No novel or missense variants in the AQP4 gene were found in Mexican patients with NMO or multiple sclerosis. To our knowledge, this is the first study supporting the notion that Native American ancestry significantly contributes to NMO susceptibility in an admixed population, and is consistent with differences in NMO epidemiology in Mexico and Latin America.Fil: Romero Hidalgo, Sandra. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Flores Rivera, José. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Rivas Alonso, Verónica. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Barquera, Rodrigo. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; Alemania. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia; MéxicoFil: Villarreal Molina, María Teresa. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Antuna Puente, Bárbara. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Macias Kauffer, Luis Rodrigo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Villalobos Comparán, Marisela. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Ortiz Maldonado, Jair. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Yu, Neng. American Red Cross; Estados UnidosFil: Lebedeva, Tatiana V.. American Red Cross; Estados UnidosFil: Alosco, Sharon M.. American Red Cross; Estados UnidosFil: García Rodríguez, Juan Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: González Torres, Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Rosas Madrigal, Sandra. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Ordoñez, Graciela. Neuroimmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Guerrero Camacho, Jorge Luis. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Treviño Frenk, Irene. American British Cowdray Medical Center; México. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Escamilla Tilch, Monica. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: García Lechuga, Maricela. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Tovar Méndez, Víctor Hugo. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Pacheco Ubaldo, Hanna. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Acuña Alonzo, Victor. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Bortolini, María Cátira. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Gallo, Carla. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Bedoya Berrío, Gabriel. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Rothhammer, Francisco. Universidad de Tarapacá; ChileFil: Gonzalez-Jose, Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz Linares, Andrés. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino UnidoFil: Canizales Quinteros, Samuel. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Yunis, Edmond. Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Granados, Julio. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Corona, Teresa. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; Méxic
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