269 research outputs found
Molecular gas and star formation in M81
We present IRAM 30m observations of the central 1.6 kpc of the spiral M81
galaxy. The molecular gas appears weak and with an unusual excitation physics.
We discuss a possible link between low CO emission and weak FUV surface
brightness.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures, to appear in "Pathways through an eclectic
Universe", J. H. Knapen, T. J. Mahoney, and A. Vazdekis (Eds.), ASP Conf.
Ser., 200
Study of ISM tracers in galaxies
We collected data for two samples of normal and interacting galaxies for a
total of 2953 galaxies having fluxes in one or more of the following wavebands:
FIR, 21 cm line, CO(1-0) lines and soft X-ray. The large set of data obtained
allowed us to revisit some of the already known relations between the different
tracers of the interstellar medium (ISM), such as the link between the FIR flux
and the CO line emission, the relation between X-ray emission and the blue or
FIR luminosity. The relation lacking from observations for early-type galaxies
has been discussed and explained in detail in the frame of a suitable
theoretical model, obtained by coupling chemo-dynamical N-body simulations with
a dusty spectrophotometric code of population synthesis.Comment: 2 pages, o appear in the Proceedings of the Conf. "From Stars to
Galaxies: Building the Pieces to Build Up the Universe", Vallenari et al.
eds., ASP Conf. Serie
Are truncated stellar disks linked to the molecular gas density?
We know that the slope of the radial, stellar light distribution in galaxies
is well described by an exponential decline and this distribution is often
truncated at a break radius (). We don't have a clear understanding for
the origin of these outer truncations and several hypotheses have been proposed
to explain them. We want to test the various theories with direct observations
of the cold molecular gas for a few truncated galaxies in comparison with the
non-truncated ones. The answer to the existence of a possible link between
truncated stellar disks and the molecular gas density cannot be obtained from
CO maps in the literature, because so far there are no galaxies with a clear
truncation observed in CO at high resolution.Comment: 3 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Astrophysics and Space Science
(Apss), special issue of "Science with ALMA: a new era for Astrophysics"
conference, ed. Dr. Bachille
MUSE observations of a changing-look AGN I: The re-appearance of the broad emission lines
Optical changing-look Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are a class of sources
that change type within a short timescale of years or decades. This change is
characterised by the appearance or disappearance of broad emission lines, often
associated with dramatic AGN continuum flux changes that are orders of
magnitude larger than those expected from typical AGN variability. In this work
we study for the first time the host galaxy of a changing-look AGN, Mrk 590,
using high spatial resolution optical and near-infrared observations. We
discover that after ~ 10 yr absence, the optical broad emission lines of Mrk
590 have reappeared. The AGN optical continuum flux however, is still ~ 10
times lower than that observed during the most luminous state in the 1990s. The
host galaxy shows a 4.5 kpc radius star-forming ring with knots of ionised and
cold molecular gas emission. Extended ionised and warm molecular gas emission
are detected in the nucleus, indicating that there is a reservoir of gas as
close as 60 pc from the black hole. We observe a nuclear gas spiral between
radii r ~ 0.5 - 2 kpc, which has been suggested as a dynamical mechanism able
to drive the necessary gas to fuel AGN. We also discover blue-shifted and high
velocity dispersion [O III] emission out to a radius of 1 kpc, tracing a
nuclear gas outflow. The gas dynamics in Mrk 590 suggest a complex balance
between gas inflow and outflow in the nucleus of the galaxy.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
A gas-rich AGN near the centre of a galaxy cluster at z ~ 1.4
The formation of the first virialized structures in overdensities dates back
to ~9 Gyr ago, i.e. in the redshift range z ~ 1.4 - 1.6. Some models of
structure formation predict that the star formation activity in clusters was
high at that epoch, implying large reservoirs of cold molecular gas. Aiming at
finding a trace of this expected high molecular gas content in primeval
clusters, we searched for the 12CO(2-1) line emission in the most luminous
active galactic nucleus (AGN) of the cluster around the radio galaxy 7C
1756+6520 at z ~ 1.4, one of the farthest spectroscopic confirmed clusters.
This AGN, called AGN.1317, is located in the neighbourhood of the central radio
galaxy at a projected distance of ~780 kpc. The IRAM Plateau de Bure
Interferometer was used to investigate the molecular gas quantity in AGN.1317,
observing the 12CO(2-1) emission line. We detect CO emission in an AGN
belonging to a galaxy cluster at z ~ 1.4. We measured a molecular gas mass of
1.1 x 10^10 Msun, comparable to that found in submillimeter galaxies. In
optical images, AGN.1317 does not seem to be part of a galaxy interaction or
merger.We also derived the nearly instantaneous star formation rate (SFR) from
Halpha flux obtaining a SFR ~65 Msun/yr. This suggests that AGN.1317 is
actively forming stars and will exhaust its reservoir of cold gas in ~0.2-1.0
Gyr.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy &
Astrophysic
Molecular depletion times and the CO-to-H2 conversion factor in metal-poor galaxies
Tracing molecular hydrogen content with carbon monoxide in low-metallicity
galaxies has been exceedingly difficult. Here we present a new effort, with
IRAM 30-m observations of 12CO(1-0) of a sample of 8 dwarf galaxies having
oxygen abundances ranging from 12+logO/H=7.7 to 8.4. CO emission is detected in
all galaxies, including the most metal-poor galaxy of our sample (0.1 Zsun); to
our knowledge this is the largest number of 12CO(1-0) detections ever reported
for galaxies with 12+logO/H<=8 (0.2 Zsun) outside the Local Group. We calculate
stellar masses (Mstar) and star-formation rates (SFRs), and analyze our results
by combining our observations with galaxy samples from the literature.
Extending previous results for a correlation of the molecular gas depletion
time, tau(dep), with Mstar and specific SFR (sSFR), we find a variation in
tau(dep) of a factor of 200 or more (from <50 Myr to 10 Gyr) over a spread of
1000 in sSFR and Mstar. We exploit the variation of tau(dep) to constrain the
CO-to-H2 mass conversion factor alpha(CO) at low metallicity, and assuming a
power-law variation find alpha(CO) \propto (Z/Zsun)^1.9, similar to results
based on dust continuum measurements compared with gas mass. By including HI
measurements, we show that the fraction of total gas mass relative to the
baryonic mass is higher in galaxies that are metal poor, of low mass, and of
high sSFR. Finally, comparisons of the data with star-formation models of the
molecular gas phases suggest that, at metallicities Z/Zsun<=0.2, there are some
discrepancies with model predictions.Comment: 18 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in A&
ALMA observations of cool dust in a low-metallicity starburst, SBS0335-052
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Cycle 0 Band 7
observations of an extremely metal-poor dwarf starburst galaxy in the Local
Universe, SBS0335-052 (12+log(O/H)~7.2). With these observations, dust is
detected at 870micron (ALMA Band 7), but 87% of the flux in this band is due to
free-free emission from the starburst. We have compiled a spectral energy
distribution (SED) of SBS0335-052 that spans almost 6 orders of magnitude in
wavelength and fit it with a spherical dust shell heated by a single-age
stellar population; the best-fit model gives a dust mass of (3.8+/-0.6)x10^4
Msun. We have also constructed a SED including Herschel archival data for
IZw18, another low-metallicity dwarf starburst (12+log(O/H)=7.17), and fit it
with a similar model to obtain a dust mass of (3.4+/-1.0)x10^2 Msun. Compared
with their atomic gas mass, the dust mass of SBS0335-052 far exceeds the
prediction of a linear trend of dust-to-gas mass ratio with metallicity, while
IZw18 falls far below. We use gas scaling relations to assess a putative
missing gas component in both galaxies and find that the missing, possibly
molecular, gas in SBS0335-052 is a factor of 6 times higher than the value
inferred from the observed HI column density; in IZw18 the missing component is
4 times smaller. Ultimately, despite their similarly low metallicity, the
differences in gas and dust column densities in SBS0335-052 and IZw18 suggest
that metal abundance does not uniquely define star-formation processes. At some
level, self-shielding and the survival of molecules may depend just as much on
gas and dust column density as on metallicity. The effects of low metallicity
may at least be partially compensated for by large column densities in the
interstellar medium.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&
ALMA reveals the feeding of the Seyfert 1 nucleus in NGC 1566
We report ALMA observations of CO(3-2) emission in the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC
1566, at a spatial resolution of 25 pc. Our aim is to investigate the
morphology and dynamics of the gas inside the central kpc, and to probe nuclear
fueling and feedback phenomena. NGC 1566 has a nuclear bar of 1.7 kpc radius
and a conspicuous grand design spiral starting from this radius. The ALMA field
of view, of diameter 0.9 kpc, lies well inside the nuclear bar and reveals a
molecular trailing spiral structure from 50 to 300~pc in size, which is
contributing to fuel the nucleus, according to its negative gravity torques.
The spiral starts with a large pitch angle from the center and then winds up
in a pseudo-ring at the inner Lindblad resonance (ILR) of the nuclear bar.
This is the first time that a trailing spiral structure is clearly seen
driving the gas inwards inside the ILR ring of the nuclear bar. This phenomenon
shows that the massive central black hole has a significant dynamical influence
on the gas, triggering its fueling.
The gaseous spiral is well correlated with the dusty spiral seen through
extinction in HST images, and also with a spiral feature emitting 0.87mm
continuum. This continuum emission must come essentially from cold dust heated
by the interstellar radiation field. The HCN(4-3) and HCO+(4-3) lines were
simultaneously mapped and detected in the nuclear spiral. The HCO+(4-3) line is
3 times stronger than the HCN(4-3), as expected when star formation excitation
dominates over active galactic nucleus (AGN) heating. The CO(3-2)/HCO+(4-3)
integrated intensity ratio is \sim 100.
The molecular gas is in remarkably regular rotation, with only slight
non-circular motions at the periphery of the nuclear spiral arms. These
perturbations are quite small, and no outflow nor AGN feedback is detected.Comment: 11 pages, 16 figures, accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysic
Molecular Gas in NUclei of GAlaxies (NUGA) XIV. The barred LINER/Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 3627
We present CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) maps of the interacting barred LINER/Seyfert 2
galaxy NGC 3627 obtained with the IRAM interferometer at resolutions of 2.1" x
1.3" and 0.9" x 0.6", respectively. The molecular gas emission shows a nuclear
peak, an elongated bar-like structure of ~18" (~900 pc) diameter in both CO
maps and, in CO(1-0), a two-arm spiral feature from r~9" (~450 pc) to r~16"
(~800 pc). The inner ~18" bar-like structure, with a north/south orientation
(PA = 14{\deg}), forms two peaks at the extremes of this elongated emission
region. The kinematics of the inner molecular gas shows signatures of
non-circular motions associated both with the 18" bar-like structure and the
spiral feature detected beyond it. The 1.6 micron H-band 2MASS image of NGC
3627 shows a stellar bar with a PA = -21{\deg}, different from the PA (=
14{\deg}) of the CO bar-like structure, indicating that the gas is leading the
stellar bar. The torques computed with the HST-NICMOS F160W image and our PdBI
maps are negative down to the resolution limit of our images, ~60 pc in
CO(2-1). If the bar ends at ~3 kpc, coincident with corotation (CR), the
torques are negative between the CR of the bar and the nucleus, down to the
resolution limit of our observations. This scenario is compatible with a
recently-formed rapidly rotating bar which has had insufficient time to slow
down because of secular evolution, and thus has not yet formed an inner
Lindblad resonance (ILR). The presence of molecular gas inside the CR of the
primary bar, where we expect that the ILR will form, makes NGC 3627 a potential
smoking gun of inner gas inflow. The gas is fueling the central region, and in
a second step could fuel directly the active nucleus.Comment: 24 pages, 28 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy
and Astrophysic
- …