Epidemiología de las fracturas de la extremidad distal del radio en el área de salud de Badajoz

Estudiamos la epidemiología de las fracturas de la extremidad distal del radio en el área de salud de Badajoz atendidos en urgencias del Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina que cubre una población de 237.732 habitantes mayores de 15 años, entre Noviembre de 2003 a Octubre de 2004. Se recogieron los datos de edad, sexo, lateralidad, antecedentes personales, lugar donde ocurrió la fractura, mecanismo de producción. El número total fue de 379, de las que 250 (66%) se produjeron en mujeres. La incidencia en hombres fue de 12,5 por 10000 y en la mujeres de 23,5 por 10.000. La edad media fue de 57 años. El lado más afectado fue el izquierdo con 210 (55,6%), 169 (43%) el derecho y 6 (1,3%) bilaterales. Las enfermedades concomitantes más frecuentes fueron la hipertensión arterial, la enfermedad neurológica y la diabetes. Un 12,9% de los pacientes seguía o tenía algún tipo de tratamiento contra la osteoporosis. La caída casual o deportiva fueron las causas más frecuentes. Hubo una mayor incidencia en los meses de verano.The epidemiology of distal radius fracture has being studied in Badajoz and its sanitary area during November 2003 to October 2004. The population over 15 years old of this area was 237.732. Age, sex, side, comorbility, mechanism of production were studied. Total number was 379, of which 260 (66%) were in women. The annual incidence was 23.5 per 10000 in women and 12.5 in men per 10.000 inhabitant. The median age was 57. The left side was affected in 210 cases and the right in 169, and bilateral in 6. Arterial hypertension, neurological diseases and diabetes were the most frequent associated diseases. Some form of osteoporosis treatment was taken by 12. 9% . Casual and sport falls were the most frequent mechanism. Most of fractures occur during summer

Multiperiod portfolio optimization with multiple risky assets and general transaction costs

We analyze the optimal portfolio policy for a multiperiod mean-variance investor facing multiple risky assets in the presence of general transaction costs. For proportional transaction costs, we give a closed-form expression for a no-trade region, shaped as a multi-dimensional parallelogram, and show how the optimal portfolio policy can be efficiently computed for many risky assets by solving a single quadratic program. For market impact costs, we show that at each period it is optimal to trade to the boundary of a state-dependent rebalancing region. Finally, we show empirically that the losses associated with ignoring transaction costs and behaving myopically may be large

Estudios de interacción in vitro entre el hongo formador de micorrizas arbusculares Glomus intraradices y el hongo patógeno Armillaria mellea en vid

An interaction study was performed with mycorrhizal plants of the grapevine rootstock Richter 110 (Vitis berlandieri Planch × Vitis rupestris Scheele) and the root pathogenic fungus Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P. Kumm using an autotrophic in vitro culture system. Micropropagated plantlets were transferred to Petri plates with MSR medium lacking sugar and vitamins. Inocula of Glomus intraradices (BEG 72) and of Armillaria mellea obtained from a root organ culture and from a mycelium colony grown in malt agar respectively, were added to the plates according to each treatment: non-inoculated, inoculated with G. intraradices, inoculated with A. mellea, and dual-inoculated plants. There were ten replicates per treatment. Fourteen weeks later, the pathogen's mycelium occupied most of the surface/volume of the plate and had produced rhizomorphs. In dual inoculated plates, A. mellea's growth was not affected by the presence of G. intraradices, but the latter produced a lower number of spores and its extraradical phase showed granulation, vacuolation and tip swelling. The pathogen induced necrosis and growth decrease in the root. Glomus intraradices alleviated these symptoms and there were no differences in root biomass between non-inoculated plants and plants inoculated with both fungi. There were no symptoms of the disease in shoots and G. intraradices stimulated shoot growth both, although mycorrhizal colonization was lower when A. mellea was present. No direct antagonism or antibiosis against the pathogen was observed, thus the protective effect exerted by the symbiotic fungus in grapevines must be indirect, mediated through the host plant physiology.Se estudió la interacción entre plantas micorrizadas del portainjerto de vid 110 Richter (Vitis berlandieri Planch × Vitis rupestris Scheele) y Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P. Kumm en cultivo autotrófico in vitro. Plantas micropropagadas fueron transferidas a placas de Petri con medio MSR sin azúcar ni vitaminas. Inóculo de Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith (BEG 72) obtenido a partir de un cultivo axénico de raíces transformadas micorrizadas, e inóculo de A. mellea obtenido en medio agar-malta, se añadieron a las placas según tratamiento: no inoculado, inoculación con G. intraradices, inoculación con A. mellea e inoculación combinada, estableciéndose 10 réplicas por tratamiento. Catorce semanas después, el micelio del hongo patógeno ocupaba casi la totalidad de la superficie/volumen de la placa y había producido rizomorfos. En placas con inoculación mixta, el desarrollo de A. mellea no se vio afectado por la presencia de G. intraradices, mientras que éste produjo menos esporas, y su fase extraradical presentaba granulaciones, vacuolaciones y engrosamientos en las terminaciones. El patógeno indujo necrosis y menor desarrollo radical. Glomus intraradices alivió estos síntomas, y no se observaron diferencias entre la biomasa radical de plantas no inoculadas y de plantas inoculadas con ambos hongos. No aparecieron síntomas de la enfermedad en la parte aérea y G. intraradices estimuló en cualquier caso el crecimiento, pero la colonización micorrícica fue menor en presencia del patógeno. No se observó antagonismo directo o antibiosis, el efecto de protección de la simbiosis micorrícica en vid frente a A. mellea debe ser indirecto, a través de la fisiología del hospedador

Site multiplicity of rare earth ions in III-nitrides

This presentation reviews recent lattice location studies of RE ions in GaN by electron emission channelling (EC) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) techniques. These studies agree that RE ions at low concentrations (whether they are incorporated during growth or introduced later by ion implantation) predominantly occupy Ga substitutional sites, as expected from considerations of charge equivalence. We combine this result with some examples of the welldocumented richness of optical spectra of GaN:RE3+ to suggest that the luminescence of these materials may be ascribed to a family of rather similar sites, all of which feature the REGa defect

a study of measures to slow down infection rate

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Optical energies of AllnN epilayers

Optical energy gaps are measured for high-quality Al1−xInxN-on-GaN epilayers with a range of compositions around the lattice match point using photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. These data are combined with structural data to determine the compositional dependence of emission and absorption energies. The trend indicates a very large bowing parameter of 6 eV and differences with earlier reports are discussed. Very large Stokes' shifts of 0.4-0.8 eV are observed in the composition range 0.13<x<0.24, increasing approximately linearly with InN fraction despite the change of sign of the piezoelectric fiel

Search for massive rare particles with the SLIM experiment

The search for magnetic monopoles in the cosmic radiation remains one of the main aims of non-accelerator particle astrophysics. Experiments at high altitude allow lower mass thresholds with respect to detectors at sea level or underground. The SLIM experiment is a large array of nuclear track detectors at the Chacaltaya High Altitude Laboratory (5290 m a.s.l.). The results from the analysis of 171 m$^2$ exposed for more than 3.5 y are here reported. The completion of the analysis of the whole detector will allow to set the lowest flux upper limit for Magnetic Monopoles in the mass range 10$^5$ - 10$^{12}$ GeV. The experiment is also sensitive to SQM nuggets and Q-balls, which are possible Dark Matter candidates.Comment: Presented at the 29-th ICRC, Pune, India (2005

Search for Intermediate Mass Magnetic Monopoles and Nuclearites with the SLIM experiment

SLIM is a large area experiment (440 m2) installed at the Chacaltaya cosmic ray laboratory since 2001, and about 100 m2 at Koksil, Himalaya, since 2003. It is devoted to the search for intermediate mass magnetic monopoles (107-1013 GeV/c2) and nuclearites in the cosmic radiation using stacks of CR39 and Makrofol nuclear track detectors. In four years of operation it will reach a sensitivity to a flux of about 10-15 cm-2 s-1 sr-1. We present the results of the calibration of CR39 and Makrofol and the analysis of a first sample of the exposed detector.Comment: Presented at the 22nd ICNTS, Barcelona 200

Decoration of squalenoyl-gemcitabine nanoparticles with squalenyl-hydroxybisphosphonate for the treatment of bone tumors

Therapeutic perspectives of bone tumors such as osteosarcom are main restricted due to the inefficacy of current treatments. We propose here the construction of a novel anticancers qualene-based nanomedicine with bone affinity and retention capacity. A squalenyl-hydroxybisphosphonate molecule was synthetized by chemical conjugation of a 1-hydroxyl-1,1-bi-sphosphonatemoiety to the squalenechain. This amphiphilic compound was inserted onto squalenoyl-gemcitabinenano-particles using the nanoprecipitation method. The co-assemblyled to nanoconstructsof 75 nm, with different morphology and colloidal properties. The presence of squalenyl-hydroxybi-sphosphonate enhanced the nanoparticles binding affinity for hydroxyapatite,a mineral present in the bone. Moreover, the in vitro anticancer activity was preserved when tested in commercial and patient-treated derived pedia tricoste osarcomacells. Furtherin vivo studies will shed lighton the potential of these nano medicines for the treatment of bones arcomas

Magnetic study on biodistribution and biodegradation of oral magnetic nanostructures in the rat gastrointestinal tract

We have undertaken a magnetic study on the oral biodistribution and biodegradation of nude maghemite nanoparticles of 10 nm average size (MNP) and probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus fermentum, containing thousands of these same nanoparticles (MNP-bacteria). Using AC magnetic susceptibility measurements of the stomach, small intestine, cecum and large intestine obtained after rat sacrifice, and iron content determination by ICP-OES, we have monitored the biodistribution and biodegradation of the maghemite nanoparticles along the gastrointestinal tract, after oral administration of both MNP and MNP-bacteria. The results revealed that the amount of magnetic nanoparticles accumulated in intestines is sensibly higher when MNP-bacteria were administered, in comparison with MNP. This confirms our initial hypothesis that the use of probiotic bacteria is a suitable strategy to assist the magnetic nanoparticles to overcome the stomach medium, and to achieve their accumulation in intestines. This finding opens doors to different applications. Since iron absorption in humans takes place precisely in the intestines, the use of MNP-bacteria as an iron supplement is a definite possibility. We have actually illustrated how the administration of MNP-bacteria to iron-deficient rats corrects the iron levels after two weeks of treatment