Classification and correlation of surface roughness in metallic parts using texture descriptors

En este artículo presentamos un método para clasificar la rugosidad superficial en piezas metálicas, después de mecanizar procesos, utilizando un sistema de visión artificial. Se utilizan dos métodos de análisis de texturas: matriz de co-ocurrencia (GLCM) y la energía de la textura obtenida por el método de las leyes. Estos descriptores se clasifican con análisis de discriminantes lineales y cuadráticos (LDA y QDA) y redes neuronales artificiales (ANN). Los mejores resultados se han logrado utilizando la máscara de leyes R5R5 (94,03%) y el descriptor de correlación combinado extraído del GLCM (94,23%), ambos clasificados utilizando redes neuronales. Estos resultados muestran el éxito del método y la posibilidad de correlacionar estos descriptores con la rugosidad media (RA)

Cost-effectiveness analysis of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in preventing pneumonia in Peruvian children

Pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) has a high burden of morbimortality in children. Use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) is an effective preventive measure. After PCV 7-valent (PCV7) withdrawal, PCV 10-valent (PCV10) and PCV 13-valent (PCV13) are the alternatives in Peru. This study aimed to evaluate cost effectiveness of these vaccines in preventing PP in Peruvian children <5 years-old

Segmentación de cabezas de espermatozoides de verraco mediante combinación de umbralización y transformada Watershed

Se ha desarrollado un nuevo m´etodo que per- mite segmentar im´agenes de cabezas de esper- matozoides vivos y muertos. Las im´agenes se han adquirido utilizando una c´amara AVT Os- car F-810C y un microscopio de epifluorescen- cia Nikon E-600. La segmentaci´on se realiz´o sobre im´agenes obtenidas en escala de grises y se uti- lizaron las im´agenes de fluorescencia para etique- tar cada cabeza para evaluar el m´etodo. ´ Este con- siste en segmentar la mayor parte de las im´agenes mediante un preprocesamiento y umbralizaci´on basada en Otsu y las im´agenes que resulten mal segmentadas procesarlas mediante una transfor- mada Watershed. Se eval´ua autom´aticamente si la segmentaci´on es correcta tras realizar la seg- mentaci´on. De esta manera se consigue segmentar correctamente un 97.39% de los espermatozoides vivos y un 82.99% de los espermatozoides muer- tos

Evaluación de diferentes tipos de iluminación para la clasificación de la rugosidad de piezas metálicas mediante análisis de imagen

En este trabajo se clasifica la rugosidad de piezas metálicas en procesos de torneado mediante análisis de imagen, y se evalúa la incidencia de la iluminación de acuerdo al ángulo utilizado. Para describir la rugosidad de la superficie, a partir de la imagen obtenida, se ha utilizado un vector compuesto por cuatro descriptores de primer orden (DPO): media, desviación estándar, coeficiente de asimetría y kurtosis. Como clasificador se utilizó Knn. Se obtuvieron 284 imágenes sobre las que se calcularon los anteriores descriptores y la clasificación obtenida se comparó con la rugosidad media de las piezas calculadas por un método tradicional. El porcentaje de error obtenido para cada tipo de iluminación fue coaxial 0.70%, angular 9,68% y rasante 1.03%. Los resultados de la clasificación mediante diferentes tipos de iluminación demuestran la importancia de dicho proceso el cual puede incidir en errores a la hora de obtener la rugosidad y a la vez la efectividad de los descriptores de textura en la obtención del respectivo valor

A New Algorithm for Multivariate Genome Wide Association Studies Based on Differential Evolution and Extreme Learning Machines

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are observational studies of a large set of genetic variants, whose aim is to find those that are linked to a certain trait or illness. Due to the multivariate nature of these kinds of studies, machine learning methodologies have been already applied in them, showing good performance. This work presents a new methodology for GWAS that makes use of extreme learning machines and differential evolution. The proposed methodology was tested with the help of the genetic information (370,750 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) of 2049 individuals, 1076 of whom suffer from colorectal cancer. The possible relationship of 10 different pathways with this illness was tested. The results achieved showed that the proposed methodology is suitable for detecting relevant pathways for the trait under analysis with a lower computational cost than other machine learning methodologies previously proposed

Mortality due to non-AIDS-defining cancers among people living with HIV in Spain over 18 years of follow-up

Purpose: Our aim was to describe non-AIDS-defining cancer (NADC) mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH), to compare it with that of the general population, and to assess potential risk factors. Methods: We included antiretroviral-naive PLWH from the multicentre CoRIS cohort (2004-2021). We estimated mortality rates and standardised mortality ratios (SMRs). We used cause-specific Cox models to identify risk factors. Results: Among 17,978 PLWH, NADC caused 21% of all deaths observed during the follow-up. Mortality rate due to NADC was 1.58 (95%CI 1.36, 1.83) × 1000 person-years and lung and liver were the most frequent cancer-related causes of death. PLWH had 79% excess NADC mortality risk compared to the general population with the highest SMR found for Hodgkin lymphoma, anal and liver cancers. The SMRs decreased with age and were the highest in age groups under 50 years. The most important prognostic factor was low CD4 count, followed by smoking, viral hepatitis and HIV transmission through heterosexual contact or injection drug use. Conclusion: Non-AIDS cancers are an important cause of death among PLWH. The excess mortality related to certain malignancies and the association with immunodeficiency, smoking, and coinfections highlights the need for early detection and treatment of cancer in this population.Purpose: Our aim was to describe non-AIDS-defining cancer (NADC) mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH), to compare it with that of the general population, and to assess potential risk factors. Methods: We included antiretroviral-naive PLWH from the multicentre CoRIS cohort (2004-2021). We estimated mortality rates and standardised mortality ratios (SMRs). We used cause-specific Cox models to identify risk factors. Results: Among 17,978 PLWH, NADC caused 21% of all deaths observed during the follow-up. Mortality rate due to NADC was 1.58 (95%CI 1.36, 1.83) × 1000 person-years and lung and liver were the most frequent cancer-related causes of death. PLWH had 79% excess NADC mortality risk compared to the general population with the highest SMR found for Hodgkin lymphoma, anal and liver cancers. The SMRs decreased with age and were the highest in age groups under 50 years. The most important prognostic factor was low CD4 count, followed by smoking, viral hepatitis and HIV transmission through heterosexual contact or injection drug use. Conclusion: Non-AIDS cancers are an important cause of death among PLWH. The excess mortality related to certain malignancies and the association with immunodeficiency, smoking, and coinfections highlights the need for early detection and treatment of cancer in this population.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This research was supported by CIBER -Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red- (CB21/13/00091), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Unión Europea – NextGenerationEU, the Gilead Scholarship Program for Biomedical Research (GLD19_00106) and the ISCIII- Miguel Servet CP19CIII—00002 contract.S

Reflexiones sobre los retos y oportunidades de la educación híbrida

3er Coloquio Fortalecimiento de los Colectivos de Docencia.Reconociendo que esta educación tiene características y metodologías pedagógicas diferentes a las presenciales, de cara al futuro hay que pensar en un formato híbrido que combine la noción presencial y la noción virtual de manera funcional. La modalidad actual funciona como respuesta a una emergencia, pero hay que desarrollar estrategias que sostengan este nuevo modelo en el mediano plazo. Integrantes del Colectivo de Docencia de Diseño Industrial del Departamento de Evaluación, nos reunimos en conferencia vía zoom, para discurrir sobre el tema. Algunas de las reflexiones se integran a la presentación en forma directa con el fin de evitar cualquier mala interpretación relacionada a las propuestas y sugerencias

Reporte del monitoreo ambiental en el marco de la supervisión regular en el subsector hidrocarburos, llevado a cabo del 19 de febrero al 02 de marzo de 2014, en la empresa SAVIA PERU SAC.

Presenta el reporte del monitoreo ambiental de efluentes con descarga al mar y poza de aguas de procesos sin tratamiento, realizado en el marco de la supervisión regular en el Subsector Hidrocarburos, de la empresa SAVIA PERU SAC, llevado a cabo del 19 de Febrero al 02 de Marzo de 2014, en el distrito de Lobitos, provincia de Talara, departamento de Piura. Presenta los siguientes anexos:copia de certificado de calibración de equipo, copia de cadena de custodia con Sello de Recepción del Laboratorio, ubicación de puntos de monitoreo, y registro fotográfico de cada muestra

Understanding sex differences in long-term outcomes after a first episode of psychosis

While sex differences in schizophrenia have long been reported and discussed, long-term sex differences in outcomes among first episode of psychosis (FEP) patients in terms of the efficacy of Early Intervention Services (EIS) has been an under-explored area. A total of 209 FEP patients (95 females and 114 males) were reassessed after a time window ranging from 8 to 16 years after their first contact with an EIS program (PAFIP) that we will call the 10-year PAFIP cohort. Multiple clinical, cognitive, functioning, premorbid, and sociodemographic variables were explored at 1-year, 3-year and 10-year follow-ups. At first contact, females were older at illness onset, had higher premorbid adjustment and IQ, and were more frequently employed, living independently, and accompanied by a partner and/or children. Existence of a schizophrenia diagnosis, and cannabis and alcohol consumption were more probable among men. During the first 3 years, women showed a significantly better response to minimal antipsychotic dosages and higher rates of recovery than men (50% vs. 30.8%). Ten years later, more females continued living independently and had partners, while schizophrenia diagnoses and cannabis consumption continued to be more frequent among men. Females also presented a lower severity of negative symptoms; however, functionality and recovery differences did not show significant differences (46.7% vs. 34.4%). Between the 3- and 10-year follow-up sessions, an increase in dosage of antipsychotics was observed. These results suggest that the better outcomes seen among women during the first 3 years (while they were treated in an EIS) were in the presence of more favourable premorbid and baseline characteristics. After an average period of 10 years, with the only difference being in negative symptoms course, outcomes for women approximated those of men, drawing particular attention to the increase in dosage of antipsychotic medication once FEP patients were discharged from the EIS program towards community-based services. These findings help to pose the question of whether it is advisable to target sexes and lengthen EIS interventions

Mortality and biochemical recurrence after surgery, brachytherapy, or external radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: a 10-year follow-up cohort study

To compare the effectiveness at ten years of follow-up of radical prostatectomy, brachytherapy and external radiotherapy, in terms of overall survival, prostate cancer-specific mortality and biochemical recurrence. Cohort of men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (T1/T2 and low/intermediate risk) from ten Spanish hospitals, followed for 10 years. The treatment selection was decided jointly by patients and physicians. Of 704 participants, 192 were treated with open radical retropubic prostatectomy, 317 with I-125 brachytherapy alone, and 195 with 3D external beam radiation. We evaluated overall survival, prostate cancer-specific mortality, and biochemical recurrence. Kaplan-Meier estimators were plotted, and Cox proportional-hazards regression models were constructed to estimate hazard ratios (HR), adjusted by propensity scores. Of the 704 participants, 542 patients were alive ten years after treatment, and a total of 13 patients have been lost during follow-up. After adjusting by propensity score and Gleason score, brachytherapy and external radiotherapy were not associated with decreased 10-year overall survival (aHR = 1.36, p = 0.292 and aHR = 1.44, p = 0.222), but presented higher biochemical recurrence (aHR = 1.93, p = 0.004 and aHR = 2.56, p < 0.001) than radical prostatectomy at ten years of follow-up. Higher prostate cancer-specific mortality was also observed in external radiotherapy (aHR = 9.37, p = 0.015). Novel long-term results are provided on the effectiveness of brachytherapy to control localized prostate cancer ten years after treatment, compared to radical prostatectomy and external radiotherapy, presenting high overall survival, similarly to radical prostatectomy, but higher risk of biochemical progression. These findings provide valuable information to facilitate shared clinical decision-making. Study identifier at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01492751