1,067 research outputs found
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Primary Care and the Role of Depression Severity and Treatment Attendance
Altres ajuts: Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICEvidence suggests the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) to prevent depression relapse and decrease depressive symptoms during the acute phase. However, the effectiveness of MBCT in real-world heterogeneous samples treated in clinical health settings, including primary care, has received little attention. This study had two aims: (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of MBCT delivered in primary care considering pre-treatment depression scores and (2) to explore the role of participants' characteristics on symptom improvement. Data were obtained from 433 individuals who received MBCT. Participants completed the Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD) pretreatment and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) pre- and post-treatment. Sixty percent presented moderate-to-severe depression according to scores on the BDI-II, 18.1% presented mild depression, and 21.7% were in the non-depressed range. The severity of pre-treatment depressive symptoms was associated with outcomes. Most individuals who lacked depressive symptoms at baseline remained in the non-clinical range after the treatment. Those in the severe group benefited the most from the intervention, since 35.6% were considered recovered. Rates of deterioration ranged from 2.1 to 2.7%, depending on the depression-baseline scores. Depression severity at the entrance, attendance, and age, but not personality traits, appear to be related to symptom improvement. According to our results, MBCT can be effectively and safely delivered in primary care
Risk of suicide attempt repetition after an index attempt: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Objectives
To estimate the risk of suicide attempt repetition among individuals with an index attempt. It also aims to study the role of risk factors and prevention programme in repetition.
Methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in keeping with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies on attempt repetition (both cohort studies and intervention studies) were searched from inception to 2022.
Results
A total of 110 studies comprising 248,829 attempters was reviewed. The overall repetition rate was 0.20 (0.17, 0.22). Repetition risk linearly increased over time. A higher risk of attempt repetition was associated with female sex and index attempts in which self-cutting methods were used. Moreover, a mental disorder diagnosis was associated with an increasing repetition risk (OR = 2.02, p < .01). The delivery of a preventive programme reduced the repetition risk, OR = 0.76, p < .05; however, this effect was significant for psychotherapy interventions, OR = 0.38, p < .01.
Conclusion
One in five suicide attempters will engage in a new suicide attempt. An elevated repetition risk is associated with being female, more severe index methods and psychiatric disorder diagnosis. Preventive programmes, particularly psychotherapy, may contribute to reducing repetition risk and eventually save lives.This study was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FIS research grants (PI16/00187, PI19/00236, PI19/00569, PI19/00685, PI19/00941, PI19/00954, PI19/01027, PI19/01256, PI19/01484, PI20/00229), co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) âA Way to Build Europeâ; the Government of the Principality of Asturias (grant ref.: PCTI-2018-2022 IDI/2018/235); Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca from the Departament d'Economia i Coneixement (ref.: 2017SGR1365 and 2017SGR134), and Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia), CERCA Programme
Epidemiological, clinical and genomic snapshot of the first 100 B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 cases in Madrid
A new SARS-CoV-2 variant, B.1.1.7, emerged in September in the UK, and is responsible for 76.6% of COVID-19 cases.1 This variant has also been reported in another 45 countries, 17 of them European.2,3 B.1.1.7 is considered to have higher transmissibility.4 It carries an unusually high number of specific mutations/deletions, 18, mostly non-synonymous and eight concentrate in the S gene,5 including several which might have relevant functional roles. The 69/70 deletion may be associated to immune response evasion6 and the N501Y substitution increases the affinity to the ACE2 receptor.7 These findings have raised the alarm of having to face a new variant with the potential to accelerate the spread of the pandemic. A recent report finds a realistic possibility that B.1.1.7 is associated with an increased risk of death.This work was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Ref COV20/00140: SeqCOVIDâConsorcio para la epidemiologĂa genĂłmica de SARS-CoV-2 en España) and by Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientĂficas (CSIC) (PTI Salud Global). LPL holds a Miguel Servet Contract CP15/00075).Peer reviewe
Risk of suicide attempt repetition after an index attempt: A systematic review and meta-analysis
© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/).[Objectives] To estimate the risk of suicide attempt repetition among individuals with an index attempt. It also aims to study the role of risk factors and prevention programme in repetition.[Methods] This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in keeping with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies on attempt repetition (both cohort studies and intervention studies) were searched from inception to 2022.[Results] A total of 110 studies comprising 248,829 attempters was reviewed. The overall repetition rate was 0.20 (0.17, 0.22). Repetition risk linearly increased over time. A higher risk of attempt repetition was associated with female sex and index attempts in which self-cutting methods were used. Moreover, a mental disorder diagnosis was associated with an increasing repetition risk (OR = 2.02, p < .01). The delivery of a preventive programme reduced the repetition risk, OR = 0.76, p < .05; however, this effect was significant for psychotherapy interventions, OR = 0.38, p < .01.[Conclusion] One in five suicide attempters will engage in a new suicide attempt. An elevated repetition risk is associated with being female, more severe index methods and psychiatric disorder diagnosis. Preventive programmes, particularly psychotherapy, may contribute to reducing repetition risk and eventually save lives.This study was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FIS research grants (PI16/00187, PI19/00236, PI19/00569, PI19/00685, PI19/00941, PI19/00954, PI19/01027, PI19/01256, PI19/01484, PI20/00229), co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) âA Way to Build Europeâ; the Government of the Principality of Asturias (grant ref.: PCTI-2018-2022 IDI/2018/235); Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca from the Departament d'Economia i Coneixement (ref.: 2017SGR1365 and 2017SGR134), and Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia), CERCA Programme.Peer reviewe
DVINO: A RISC-V vector processor implemented in 65nm technology
This paper describes the design, verification, implementation and fabrication of the Drac Vector IN-Order (DVINO) processor, a RISC-V vector processor capable of booting Linux jointly developed by BSC, CIC-IPN, IMB-CNM (CSIC), and UPC. The DVINO processor includes an internally developed two-lane vector processor unit as well as a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) and an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). The paper summarizes the design from architectural as well as logic synthesis and physical design in CMOS 65nm technology.The DRAC project is co-financed by the European Union Regional Development Fund within the framework of the ERDF Operational Program of Catalonia 2014-2020 with a grant of 50% of total eligible cost. The authors are part of RedRISCV which promotes activities around open hardware. The Lagarto Project is supported by the Research and Graduate Secretary (SIP) of the Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN) from Mexico, and by the CONACyT scholarship for Center for Research in Computing (CIC-IPN).Peer ReviewedArticle signat per 43 autors/es: Guillem Caboâ, Gerard CandĂłnâ, Xavier Carrilâ, Max Doblasâ, Marc DomĂnguezâ, Alberto GonzĂĄlezâ, Cesar HernĂĄndezâ , VĂctor JimĂ©nezâ, Vatistas Kostalamprosâ, RubĂ©n Langaritaâ, Neiel Leyvaâ , Guillem LĂłpez-ParadĂsâ, Jonnatan Mendozaâ, Francesco Minerviniâ, Julian PavĂłnâ, Cristobal RamĂrezâ, NarcĂs Rodasâ, Enrico Reggianiâ, Mario RodrĂguezâ, Carlos Rojasâ, Abraham Ruizâ, VĂctor Soriaâ, Alejandro SuanesâĄ, IvĂĄn Vargasâ, Roger Figuerasâ, Pau Fontovaâ, Joan Marimonâ, VĂctor Montabesâ, AdriĂĄn Cristalâ, Carles HernĂĄndezâ, Ricardo MartĂnezâĄ, Miquel MoretĂłâ§, Francesc Mollâ§, Oscar Palomarâ§, Marco A. RamĂrezâ , Antonio Rubio§, Jordi SacristĂĄnâĄ, Francesc Serra-GraellsâĄ, Nehir Sonmezâ, LluĂs TerĂ©sâĄ, Osman Unsalâ, Mateo Valeroâ§, LuĂs Villaâ // âBarcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain. Email: [email protected]; â Centro de InvestigaciĂłn en ComputaciĂłn, Instituto PolitĂ©cnico Nacional (CIC-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico; ⥠Institut de Microelectronica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), Spain. Email: [email protected]; §Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain. Email: [email protected] (author's final draft
Mortality by causes in HIV-infected adults: comparison with the general population
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We compared mortality by cause of death in HIV-infected adults in the era of combined antiretroviral therapy with mortality in the general population in the same age and sex groups.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Mortality by cause of death was analyzed for the period 1999-2006 in the cohort of persons aged 20-59 years diagnosed with HIV infection and residing in Navarre (Spain). This was compared with mortality from the same causes in the general population of the same age and sex using standardized mortality ratios (SMR).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were 210 deaths among 1145 persons diagnosed with HIV (29.5 per 1000 person-years). About 50% of these deaths were from AIDS. Persons diagnosed with HIV infection had exceeded all-cause mortality (SMR 14.0, 95% CI 12.2 to 16.1) and non-AIDS mortality (SMR 6.9, 5.7 to 8.5). The analysis showed excess mortality from hepatic disease (SMR 69.0, 48.1 to 78.6), drug overdose or addiction (SMR 46.0, 29.2 to 69.0), suicide (SMR 9.6, 3.8 to 19.7), cancer (SMR 3.2, 1.8 to 5.1) and cardiovascular disease (SMR 3.1, 1.3 to 6.1). Mortality in HIV-infected intravenous drug users did not change significantly between the periods 1999-2002 and 2003-2006, but it declined by 56% in non-injecting drug users (<it>P </it>= 0.007).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Persons with HIV infection continue to have considerable excess mortality despite the availability of effective antiretroviral treatments. However, excess mortality in the HIV patients has declined since these treatments were introduced, especially in persons without a history of intravenous drug use.</p
Systematic Genomic and Clinical Analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfections and Recurrences Involving the Same Strain
10 pĂĄginas, 2 figuras, 3 tablasEstimates of the burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reinfections are limited by the scarcity of population-level studies incorporating genomic support. We conducted a systematic study of reinfections in Madrid, Spain, supported by genomic viral analysis and host genetic analysis, to cleanse laboratory errors and to discriminate between reinfections and recurrences involving the same strain. Among the 41,195 cases diagnosed (March 2020-March 2021), 93 (0.23%) had 2 positive reverse transcription PCR tests (55-346 days apart). After eliminating cases with specimens not stored, of suboptimal sequence quality, or belonging to different persons, we obtained valid data from 22 cases. Of those, 4 (0.01%) cases were recurrences involving the same strain; case-patients were 39-93 years of age, and 3 were immunosuppressed. Eighteen (0.04%) cases were reinfections; patients were 19-84 years of age, and most had no relevant clinical history. The second episode was more severe in 8 cases.This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Ref COV20/00140: SeqCOVIDâConsorcio para la epidemiologĂa genĂłmica de SARS-CoV-2 en España) and by Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientĂficas (CSIC) (PTI Salud Global). L.P.L. is the recipient of a Miguel Servet Research contract (CPII20/00001) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III.Peer reviewe
Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at âs = 13 TeV
Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (dÌ t) and chromomagnetic (ÎŒÌ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fbâ1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ÂŻ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ÂŻ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048â0.087+0.095(stat)â0.029+0.020(syst),ÎŒÌt=â0.024â0.009+0.013(stat)â0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | dÌ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.
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