Are larger labor market more resilient? Evidence of the French army restructuring on exit from unemployment

This article explore how the relation between economic shocks and local unemployment can be mitigated by labor market size. We exploit a quasi-natural experiment by studying the economic impact of 357 local shocks both negative and positive generated by the reform and the restructuring of the French army. Exploiting a geo-referenced dataset of unemployment spell over an extensive period of time (2005-2014), we are able to measure the impact of these local shock on the rate at which unemployed workers find a job. To construct a credible counterfactual for each zone which experienced a closure, we use an interactive fixed effects model. We show that contractions in military personnel reduce the local likelihood of finding a job. Moreover, our results reveal some heterogeneity in the local economy's resilience. In line with our theoretical model, we show that city size is a relevant explanation for the observed heterogeneity in resilience: the likelihood of finding a job is less affected in denser area by a relative equal-sized shift in labor demand

Fostering the potential endogenous development of European regions: a spatial dynamic panel data analysis of the Cohesion Policy

In this paper, we use a conditional-convergence eco nometric model to investigate whether the Cohesion Policy affect the European economies. The main contribution of our study is to consider both spatial and temporal dynamics in assessing the impact of European cohesion policy. Econometric estimations rely on a dataset of 143 EU14-NUTS1/NUTS2 regions from 1980 to 2005. Our results suggest that Objective 1 programmes have a direct effect on regional GDP p.c. growth rates, whereas total structural funds do not. Moreover, consideration of the spatial dimension of the panel brings to light a still significant, but less important, impact of structural funds

Pierwotny śródczaszkowy pozaszkieletowy chirzęstniakomięsak śluzowaty

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas (EMC) are extremely rare and are usually located in the deep soft tissues of the lower extremities. Less than 10 cases of intracranial EMC have been reported in the literature, making their management and early diagnosis difficult. We present a new case of intracranial EMC occurring in a 70-year-old woman presenting with a right frontal mass initially assumed to be a brain metastasis from breast adenocarcinoma. The optimal management of these tumours is also discussed. Analysis from the literature suggests that complete resection should be recommended, whenever feasible. Although the high risk for relapse after surgery encourages postoperative treatments, relative resistance to both radiotherapy and chemotherapy characterizes EMC. Future perspectives might include multimodal treatments with highly conformal radiotherapy modalities for dose escalation strategies or use of new molecules. Knowledge of these unusual malignant tumours will be the first step for improving patients’ outcome.Pozaszkieletowy chrzęstniakomięsak śluzowaty to wyjątkowo rzadki guz, który występuje zwykle głęboko w tkankach miękkich kończyn dolnych. Opisano mniej niż 10 przypadków tego guza umiejscowionych śródczaszkowo, co utrudnia wczesne rozpoznanie i leczenie. W pracy przedstawiono nowy przypadek śródczaszkowego chrzęstniakomięsaka śluzowatego u 70-letniej kobiety z guzem okolicy czołowej prawej, traktowanym początkowo jako przerzut gruczolakoraka sutka do mózgu. Omówiono optymalne leczenie tych guzów. Analiza piśmiennictwa wskazuje, że w miarę możliwości powinno się zalecać całkowite wycięcie. Duże ryzyko wznowy po leczeniu chirurgicznym skłania do podejmowania dodatkowego leczenia, ale guz charakteryzuje się względną opornością na radioterapię i chemioterapię. Przyszłe wielorakie metody leczenia mogłyby wykorzystywać radioterapię konformalną w celu zwiększenia dawki promieniowania lub zastosowanie nowych cząsteczek. Wiedza o tych rzadkich nowotworach złośliwych będzie pierwszym krokiem do poprawy wyników leczenia

Creating Conditions for Harnessing the Potential of Transitions to Agroecology in Europe and Requirements for Policy

Food systems require reorientation to take greater account of interactions with the environment, economy, health and society. Transitions to agroecological farming practices and systems can connect policy areas and realise environmental, economic and social aims. These transitions provide a lens for reviewing policy, practice and behaviours of actors in farming systems and value chains, identification of barriers to uptake, and policy areas to which they contribute or where there are gaps. Developing social and human capital, and governance structures that enable transitions to agroecology are key to their prospects of success. Education and life-long learning are key to developing the knowledge and skills of younger generations of land managers and other actors in value chains, throughout their careers. The outcome sought is for a shared understanding of the benefits of agroecological practices and systems, creating opportunities to rebalance policies towards delivering climate neutrality, reversing biodiversity loss, and enhancing rights of citizens. To realise those opportunities policies and strategies should be coherent across territorial and systems levels, and tailored to place, system, people, and stages of transitions. Overall, they should be designed to ensure all citizens are beneficiaries of transitions to agroecological farming systems, over the long term, and that no-one or place is disadvantaged by the processes of change or the outcome intended.</p

Creating Conditions for Harnessing the Potential of Transitions to Agroecology in Europe and Requirements for Policy

Food systems require reorientation to take greater account of interactions with the environment, economy, health and society. Transitions to agroecological farming practices and systems can connect policy areas and realise environmental, economic and social aims. These transitions provide a lens for reviewing policy, practice and behaviours of actors in farming systems and value chains, identification of barriers to uptake, and policy areas to which they contribute or where there are gaps. Developing social and human capital, and governance structures that enable transitions to agroecology are key to their prospects of success. Education and life-long learning are key to developing the knowledge and skills of younger generations of land managers and other actors in value chains, throughout their careers. The outcome sought is for a shared understanding of the benefits of agroecological practices and systems, creating opportunities to rebalance policies towards delivering climate neutrality, reversing biodiversity loss, and enhancing rights of citizens. To realise those opportunities policies and strategies should be coherent across territorial and systems levels, and tailored to place, system, people, and stages of transitions. Overall, they should be designed to ensure all citizens are beneficiaries of transitions to agroecological farming systems, over the long term, and that no-one or place is disadvantaged by the processes of change or the outcome intended

What Does Ecological Farming Mean for Farm Labour?

Summary: Ecological farming, such as organic and low‐input farming, is gaining popularity in the public discourse. One question is how this type of farming may impact farm labour from a socio‐economic point of view. The article first discusses how low‐input farming practices (i.e. with lower reliance on inputs derived from fossil fuels) may affect the economic returns to labour, measured as the farm’s revenue per hour of labour input, on data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) in 2004‐‐2015 for four European countries. Returns to labour appear to be highest at the two extremes – very low‐input farms and highly intensive farms. Farms in the low‐input end of the spectrum are in the minority, while the overwhelming majority of farms are intensive and have internal economic incentives to intensify further. The article also analyses how working conditions differ between organic and conventional dairy farms in two European countries based on interviews with farmers in 2019. Results show that all dimensions of working conditions are affected by being an organic farm or not, but this is not the only factor. There are many influences on working conditions, such as the production context and workforce composition

What Does Ecological Farming Mean for Farm Labour?

Summary: Ecological farming, such as organic and low‐input farming, is gaining popularity in the public discourse. One question is how this type of farming may impact farm labour from a socio‐economic point of view. The article first discusses how low‐input farming practices (i.e. with lower reliance on inputs derived from fossil fuels) may affect the economic returns to labour, measured as the farm’s revenue per hour of labour input, on data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) in 2004‐‐2015 for four European countries. Returns to labour appear to be highest at the two extremes – very low‐input farms and highly intensive farms. Farms in the low‐input end of the spectrum are in the minority, while the overwhelming majority of farms are intensive and have internal economic incentives to intensify further. The article also analyses how working conditions differ between organic and conventional dairy farms in two European countries based on interviews with farmers in 2019. Results show that all dimensions of working conditions are affected by being an organic farm or not, but this is not the only factor. There are many influences on working conditions, such as the production context and workforce composition

Spatial interactions between cohesion policy and European regions : what effect on economic development?

European cohesion policy aims to reduce disparities in economic development betweenregions by providing investment subsidies to European regions lagging behind. Theevaluation of this policy is linked to the debate on the distribution of activities in spaceand its evolution.This thesis depicts how spatial interactions between regions influence the effectivenessof European cohesion policy. We analyze how such spatial interactions affect threeacpects whose study is crucial to support, understand and evaluate the cohesion policy.At first, we propose a strategy for estimating the convergence process of Europeanregions to integrate their spatial properties in a dynamic model using panel data. Theresults show that the initial spatial concentration of activities impedes the convergenceof the most lagged regions. They can't benefit adequately from economic spillover effects,including technology. This mechanism explains a large share of European growth. Theseresults therefore justify the establishment of a policy of development assistance for thedevelopment these regions...La politique européenne de cohésion vise à réduire les disparités de développement économique entre les régions en proposant des subventions à l'investissement aux régions européennes les plus en retard. Cette politique s'inscrit dans le débat sur la répartition et l'évolution des activités dans l'espace.Cette thèse précise la manière dont les interactions spatiales entre régions influencent l'efficacité de la politique de cohésion européenne. Nous analysons notamment comment les interactions spatiales affectent trois aspects de la politique de cohésion.Dans un premier temps, nous présentons une stratégie d'estimation du processus deconvergence des régions européennes permettant d'intégrer ces propriétés spatiales dansun modèle dynamique en données de panel. Les résultats révèlent que la concentrationspatiale initiale des activités agit comme un frein à la convergence des régions les plusen retard. Celles-Ci ne peuvent bénéficier convenablement des effets de débordementéconomique (notamment technologique) alors que ce mécanisme explique une part importantede la croissance européenne. Ces résultats justifient donc la mise en place d'unepolitique d'aide au développement en faveur de ces régions..

Allocation of European Structural Funds, decentralization and strategic spatial interactions

<p>This paper analyzes the relationships between the degree of decentralization of a public policy and the emergence of horizontal strategic interactions. The Structural Fund allocation process is investigated by determining how the governance structure of the Cohesion Policy affects the development of strategic spatial interactions between regional governments. A political agency model was developed. The main proposition is that the appearance of spatial interactions increases with the degree of policy decentralization. From the empirical analysis, this theoretical proposition is confirmed by showing that spatial interactions are more intense when the policy governance is decentralized.</p