Ebf1 or Pax5 haploinsufficiency synergizes with STAT5 activation to initiate acute lymphoblastic leukemia

STAT5 is abnormally activated in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and increased STAT5 activation synergizes with PAX5 and EBF1 to induce disease

WSES guidelines for management of Clostridium difficile infection in surgical patients

In the last two decades there have been dramatic changes in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), with increases in incidence and severity of disease in many countries worldwide. The incidence of CDI has also increased in surgical patients. Optimization of management of C difficile, has therefore become increasingly urgent. An international multidisciplinary panel of experts prepared evidenced-based World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for management of CDI in surgical patients.Peer reviewe

Photolitography on flexible substrates

Nowadays preparation of structures on flexible substrates is highly demanded because of using this patterns in field of flexible electronics. This contribution deals with photolitographic procces for preparation of structures on flexible substrates. The method of photolitography enables to create designed patterns in various material (e.g. metals as conductive layers) on various substrates (silicon wafers, foils, etc.). First the designed pattern is exposed through the mask by UV light into polymer resist, then the pattern is transfered into metal layer by wet etching through the developed windows in resist. In this paper several patterns are prepared through the positive resist PMMA by photolitography into various metal layer (Cu, Al) on flexible substrates

The Small School: A Case Study of School Education

Krátce po zahájení reformy základního vzdělávání v České republice v roce 2007 jsme za použití strategie případové studie zkoumali vyučování, učení a pedagogické řízení v konkrétní základní škole. Pro popis vzdělávání ve škole jsme užívali kvalitativní i kvantitativní metody sběru dat – především dotazování, pozorování výuky a analýzu dokumentů. Za použití kvalitativních postupů analýzy dat jsme nastínili obraz zaměřující pozornost především na vývoj školy v posledních letech a na strukturní determinanty její práce, jako jsou velikost školy a koexistence primárního a nižšího sekundárního stupně. Výsledky studie zachycují obraz školního vzdělávání na počátku kurikulární reformy a současně slouží pro konkretizaci plánů následujících případových studií dalších škol.A major educational reform of the primary and lower secondary schools started in the Czech Republic in 2007. Shortly after the launch of the reform, we studied the actual picture of teaching, learning, and instructional leadership in one Czech comprehensive school, using the design research of a case study. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to describe the educational processes in the school – predominantly questioning, observation, and documentary analysis. Using qualitative data analysis we have sketched a narrative that highlights the role of structural factors– the small size of the school, the co-existence of primary and lower secondary schools within one organisation, as well as its unique history. The research results describe a case of schooling at the very beginning of educational reform, and guide the design of our next case studies of schools