Antioxidant Activities and Oxidative Stabilities of Some Unconventional Oilseeds

The oils of some unconventional oilseeds (hemp, radish, terebinth, stinging nettle, laurel) were obtained by a cold-press method in which the total oil content, fatty acids, tocopherol isomers, some metal contents (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu), antioxidant activity and oxidative stability were determined. The total oil content was determined ranging between 30.68 and 43.12%, and the oil samples had large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, with oleic acid and linoleic acid. Of all the oils, terebinth seed oil had the highest α-tocopherol content (102.21 ± 1.01 mg/kg oil). Laurel oilseed had the highest antiradical activity in both the DPPH and ABTS assays. The peroxide value of the non-oxidized oils ranged between 0.51 and 3.73 mequiv O(2)/kg oil. The TBARS value of the non-oxidized oils ranged between 0.68 ± 0.02 and 6.43 ± 0.48 mmol MA equiv/g oil. At 110 °C, the Rancimat induction period of the oils ranged between 1.32 and 43.44 h. The infrared spectra of the samples were recorded by FTIR spectroscopy. The absorbance values of the spectrum bands were observed and it was determined that some of the chemical groups of oxidized oils caused changes in absorbance. As a result of the present research, the analyzed oils could be evaluated as an alternative to traditionally consumed vegetable oils or as additives to them

Evaluation of Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stability of Some Waste Seed Oil

In this study, fatty acid composition, antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds (TPC) and oxidative stability of cherry seed (SCO), sweet cherry seed (SCSO), mulberry seed (MSO) and plum seed oil (PSO) were determined. Oleic acid was determined as primary fatty acid (42.9-67.3%), and followed by linoleic acid (23.4-41.8%) for SCO, SCSO and PSO. Linoleic acid was determined as primary fatty acid in MSO. γ-tocopherol was determined the main and highest tocopherol isomers varied from 579.9 to 605 mg/kg oil in SCO, SCSO and PSO, whereas δ-tocopherol was determined main tocopherol isomer with 1354mg/kg oil value in MSO. Plum seed oil (PSO) was the highest antioxidant activity values in both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. There was no significant differences in lipid hydroperoxide and TBARS (2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance) formation among SCO, SCSO and MSO. PSO had the highest induction period (15.1 h), followed by MSO (1.4 h), SCSO (1.5 h), SCO(1.3 h). PSO was oxidatively more stable than the other oil samples. This research shows that these waste seed oils have high antioxidant capacity and tocopherol content, so they could be used in food industry

Apium plants: Beyond simple food and phytopharmacological applications

Apium plants belong to the Apiaceae family and are included among plants that have been in use in traditional medicine for thousands of years worldwide, including in the Mediterranean, as well as the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa. Some highlighted medical benefits include prevention of coronary and vascular diseases. Their phytochemical constituents consist of bergapten, flavonoids, glycosides, furanocoumarins, furocoumarin, limonene, psoralen, xanthotoxin, and selinene. Some of their pharmacological properties include anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, nematocidal, anti-rheumatism, antiasthma, anti-bronchitis, hepatoprotective, appetizer, anticonvulsant, antispasmodic, breast milk inducer, anti-jaundice, antihypertensive, anti-dysmenorrhea, prevention of cardiovascular diseases, and spermatogenesis induction. The present review summarizes data on ecology, botany, cultivation, habitat, medicinal use, phytochemical composition, preclinical and clinical pharmacological efficacy of Apium plants and provides future direction on how to take full advantage of Apium plants for the optimal benefit to mankind.N. Martins would like to thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-Portugal) for the strategic project ref. UID/BIM/04293/2013 and “NORTE2020-Northern Regional Operational Program” (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012)

Production of food nanomaterials by specialized equipment

In the past decade, there has been a great interest in using nanotechnology by different industries, including food, pharmaceutical, and beauty. Nanotechnology provides many advantages to produce functional compounds which tend to be delivered for desired properties, such as protection from the environment or food matrix, controlled release, and increased bioavailability and bioaccessibility (Muhammad et al., 2019, Sedaghat Doost et al., 2019b, Sedaghat Doost et al., 2018c). There is a variety of methods to prepare food nanomaterials. Specialized equipment is frequently employed for the production of efficient nano-delivery systems, which is the focus of this chapter; the basic principle of conventional and recent techniques, as well as their advantages and disadvantages are described

Modulation of Glucocorticoid Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (GITR)-GITR Ligand (GITRL) Interaction in Breast Cancer Cells Under the Control of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) Promoter

Treatment response for basal-like breast cancers (BLBC) is limited and this aggressive breast cancer sub-type has poor prognosis and high mortality. Our first aim is to investigate ATM activity in BLBC cell lines with ionizing radiation. Our second aim is to study the viability of BLBC cells by the GITR-GITRL interaction while examining the expression levels of GITR and GITRL with radiation. ATM expression levels in basal-like (MDA-MB-231, HCC38, MDA-MB-468) and luminal (MCF-7, BT-474, SK-BR-3) breast cancer cell lines were analyzed with RT-PCR and found similar. Increase in ATM (S1981) phosphorylation in BLBC cells with ionizing radiation has been demonstrated with Western Blot experiments. HCC38 cells transfected with “pATM-GL3” Luciferase reporter plasmid showed high basal and post-radiation ATM activity. Although there is no difference in ATM mRNA levels, changes in protein levels has been observed, suggesting a post-transcriptional control mechanism. GITR and GITRL expressions in BLBC cells were investigated via RT-PCR and there was no change in expression levels with radiation. While MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines show high GITRL expression, HCC38 cell line was GITR positive, with both RT-PCR and flow cytometry. GITR+ HCC38 cells were incubated with recombinant GITRL protein at different serum concentrations (1% and 10%) and the change of cancer cells’ viability, proliferation and amount of metabolically active viable cells were investigated with DRAQ7 staining, CFSE assay and MTT assay, respectively. Even though GITR stimulation only has not changed viability and proliferation of HCC38 cells, both ionizing radiation and GITR stimulation had a cumulative effect on cell viability. When cell death was assayed with DRAQ7 staining, a decrease in viability of the cells was observed, which were simultaneously exposed to both 80 ng/ml rGITRL and 5 Gy ionizing radiation. As a result, this study demonstrated that cumulative effect of GITR stimulation and ionizing radiation may affect the viability of breast cancer cells.Bazal-benzeri meme kanseri (BBMK) için tedaviye cevap sınırlıdır ve bu agresif meme kanseri türü kötü prognoz ve yüksek mortalite gösterir. İlk amacımız BBMK hücre hatlarında iyonize edici radyasyonun ATM aktivitesine etkisinin incelenmesidir. İkinci amacımız radyasyon ile GITR ve GITRL ifadelerini incelerken, BBMK hücrelerinde GITR-GITRL etkileşimine bağlı canlılığın çalışılmasıdır. Bazal-benzeri (MDA-MB-231, HCC38, MDA-MB-468) ve luminal (MCF-7, BT-474, SK-BR-3) meme kanseri hücre hatlarındaki ATM ifadeleri RT-PCR aracılı incelenmiş ve benzer bulunmuştur. ATM (S1981) fosforilasyonunun BBMK hücrelerinde radyasyon sonucu artışı Western Blot deneyleri aracılı gösterilmiştir. “pATM-GL3” Lusiferaz raporlayıcı plazmidi ile transfekte edilen HCC38 hücreleri bazal seviyede ve radyasyon sonrası yüksek ATM aktivitesi göstermiştir. ATM mRNA düzeylerinde fark olmamasına rağmen protein düzeylerinde farklar gözlemlenmesi post-transkripsiyonel bir kontrol mekanizması olabileceğini önermektedir. BBMK hücrelerinde GITR ve GITRL ifadeleri RT-PCR aracılı incelenmiştir ve radyasyon ile değişmedikleri bulunmuştur. MDA-MB-231 ve MDA-MB-468 hücre hatları yüksek GITRL ifadesi gösterirken, HCC38 hücre hattı RT-PCR ve akım sitometrisi ile GITR pozitif olarak belirlenmiştir. GITR+ HCC38 hücreleri rekombinant GITRL proteini ile farklı serum konsantrasyonlarında (1% ve 10%) inkübe edilmiştir ve kanser hücrelerinin canlılığı, proliferasyonları ve metabolik olarak aktif canlı hücreler, sırasıyla DRAQ7 boyaması, CFSE ve MTT testleri aracılı incelenmiştir. Tek başına GITR uyarımı HCC38 hücrelerinin canlılık ve proliferasyonlarını etkilemezken, iyonlaştırıcı radyasyon ve GITR uyarımının hücre canlılığında kümülatif etkisi vardır. DRAQ7 boyaması ile hücre ölümü test edildiğinde, 80 ng/ml rGITRL ve 5 Gy iyonlaştırıcı radyasyona eş zamanlı maruz kalan hücrelerin canlılığında azalma olduğu gözlemlendi. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma GITR uyarımı ve iyonlaştırıcı radyasyonun kümülatif etkisinin meme kanseri hücrelerinin canlılığını etkileyebileceğini göstermiştir

Evaluation of Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stability of Some Waste Seed Oil

In this study, fatty acid composition, antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds (TPC) and oxidative stability of cherry seed (SCO), sweet cherry seed (SCSO), mulberry seed (MSO) and plum seed oil (PSO) were determined. Oleic acid was determined as primary fatty acid (42.9-67.3%), and followed by linoleic acid (23.4-41.8%) for SCO, SCSO and PSO. Linoleic acid was determined as primary fatty acid in MSO. γ-tocopherol was determined the main and highest tocopherol isomers varied from 579.9 to 605 mg/kg oil in SCO, SCSO and PSO, whereas δ-tocopherol was determined main tocopherol isomer with 1354mg/kg oil value in MSO. Plum seed oil (PSO) was the highest antioxidant activity values in both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. There was no significant differences in lipid hydroperoxide and TBARS (2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance) formation among SCO, SCSO and MSO. PSO had the highest induction period (15.1 h), followed by MSO (1.4 h), SCSO (1.5 h), SCO(1.3 h). PSO was oxidatively more stable than the other oil samples. This research shows that these waste seed oils have high antioxidant capacity and tocopherol content, so they could be used in food industry

Ability of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles to increase the antioxidant activity of \u3b1-tocopherol

As emulsifiers become saturated on the surface of an emulsion droplet, any additional emulsifier migrates to the aqueous phase. Continuous phase surfactants have been shown to increase \u3b1-tocopherol efficacy, but it is unclear if this is the result of chemical or physical effects. The addition of \u3b1-tocopherol to an oil-in-water emulsion after homogenization resulted in a 70% increase of \u3b1-tocopherol in the continuous phase when sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was at levels that were greater than the SDS critical micelle concentration. Conversely, when \u3b1-tocopherol was dissolved in the lipid before emulsification, continuous phase SDS concentrations did not increase. When SDS concentration led to an increase in the aqueous phase \u3b1-tocopherol, the oxidative stability of oil-in-water emulsions increased. Data indicated that the increased antioxidant activity was the result of surfactant micelles being able to decrease the prooxidant activity of \u3b1-tocopherol. Considering these results, surfactant micelles could be an important tool to increase the effectiveness of \u3b1-tocopherol