21 research outputs found

    Identification and characterization of rare forms of iron overload : structural and functional analyses of ferroportin and study of the long-range regulation of the SLC40A1 gene

    No full text
    La ferroportine (FPN1) est le seul exportateur de fer connu chez les mammifĂšres. Cette protĂ©ine de 12 domaines transmembranaires fait partie de la famille des transporteurs MFS (« Major Facilitator Superfamily ») et est rĂ©gulĂ©e nĂ©gativement par l’hepcidine. Les mutations dans le gĂšne SLC40A1 codant FPN1 sont responsables de deux phĂ©notypes distincts, la maladie de la ferroportine et l’hĂ©mochromatose de type 4, en fonction de l’impact fonctionnel des variations : perte ou gain de fonction. A ce jour, plus de 60 variations, quasi-exclusivement faux-sens, sont dĂ©crites dans la littĂ©rature. Durant ma thĂšse, je me suis d’abord attachĂ© Ă  mieux rendre compte de l'hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© allĂ©lique au locus SLC40A1. Au travers d’une analyse exhaustive de la littĂ©rature, j’ai rĂ©alisĂ© une interprĂ©tation clinique, structurale et fonctionnelle d’un ensemble de 65 variants rares Ă  trĂšs rares et proposĂ© des corrĂ©lations gĂ©notype-phĂ©notype originales dans le cadre d’un premier article et de la crĂ©ation d’une base de donnĂ©es spĂ©cialisĂ©e. J’ai caractĂ©risĂ© huit nouvelles variations faux-sens identifiĂ©es dans le cadre de diffĂ©rentes collaborations nationales avec, Ă  la clĂ©, la description de nouveaux mĂ©canismes physiopathologiques associant perte et gain de fonction. Des analyses structurales basĂ©es sur les structures tridimensionnelles de FPN1 chez l’homme et la bactĂ©rie (BbFPN) m’ont permis d’expliquer cette ambivalence et de rĂ©vĂ©ler des aspects nouveaux du mĂ©canisme d’export du fer chez l’homme et de sa rĂ©gulation par l’hepcidine. Ces diffĂ©rents points seront Ă  la base de deux autres publications originales. Enfin, j’ai explorĂ© les possibles mĂ©canismes de rĂ©gulation Ă  distance du gĂšne SLC40A1, Ă  travers la combinaison d’études in silico et de validations in vitro (tests lucifĂ©rase, capture de la chromatine, Ă©dition gĂ©nique).Ferroportin (FPN1) is the sole known iron exporter in mammals. This 12 transmembrane domain protein is a member of the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) of transporters and is negatively regulated by hepcidin. Mutations in the SLC40A1 gene encoding FPN1 are responsible for two distinct phenotypes, ferroportin disease and hemochromatosis type 4, depending on the functional impact of the variations: lossor gain-of-function. To date, more than 60 variations, almost exclusively missense, are described in the literature. During my thesis, I first tried to better account for allelic heterogeneity at the SLC40A1 locus.Through an exhaustive analysis of the literature, I performed a clinical, structural and functional interpretation of a set of 65 rare to very rare variants and proposed original genotype-phenotype correlations in the context of a first article and the creation of a locus-specific database. I characterized eight new missense variations identified thanks to different national collaborations with, as a result, the description of new physiopathological mechanisms associating both loss- and gain-of-function. Structural analyses based on the three-dimensional structures of FPN1 in humans and bacteria (BbFPN) allowed me to explain this ambivalence and to reveal new aspects of the iron export mechanism in humans and its regulation by hepcidin. These different points will be the basis of two other original publications. Finally, I explored the putative mechanisms of long-range regulation of the SLC40A1 gene, through a combination of in silico studies and in vitro validations (luciferase assays, chromatin capture, gene editing)

    Identification et caractérisation de formes rares de surcharge en fer : analyses structurales et fonctionnelles de la ferroportine et étude de la régulation à distance du gÚne SLC40A1

    No full text
    Ferroportin (FPN1) is the sole known iron exporter in mammals. This 12 transmembrane domain protein is a member of the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) of transporters and is negatively regulated by hepcidin. Mutations in the SLC40A1 gene encoding FPN1 are responsible for two distinct phenotypes, ferroportin disease and hemochromatosis type 4, depending on the functional impact of the variations: lossor gain-of-function. To date, more than 60 variations, almost exclusively missense, are described in the literature. During my thesis, I first tried to better account for allelic heterogeneity at the SLC40A1 locus.Through an exhaustive analysis of the literature, I performed a clinical, structural and functional interpretation of a set of 65 rare to very rare variants and proposed original genotype-phenotype correlations in the context of a first article and the creation of a locus-specific database. I characterized eight new missense variations identified thanks to different national collaborations with, as a result, the description of new physiopathological mechanisms associating both loss- and gain-of-function. Structural analyses based on the three-dimensional structures of FPN1 in humans and bacteria (BbFPN) allowed me to explain this ambivalence and to reveal new aspects of the iron export mechanism in humans and its regulation by hepcidin. These different points will be the basis of two other original publications. Finally, I explored the putative mechanisms of long-range regulation of the SLC40A1 gene, through a combination of in silico studies and in vitro validations (luciferase assays, chromatin capture, gene editing).La ferroportine (FPN1) est le seul exportateur de fer connu chez les mammifĂšres. Cette protĂ©ine de 12 domaines transmembranaires fait partie de la famille des transporteurs MFS (« Major Facilitator Superfamily ») et est rĂ©gulĂ©e nĂ©gativement par l’hepcidine. Les mutations dans le gĂšne SLC40A1 codant FPN1 sont responsables de deux phĂ©notypes distincts, la maladie de la ferroportine et l’hĂ©mochromatose de type 4, en fonction de l’impact fonctionnel des variations : perte ou gain de fonction. A ce jour, plus de 60 variations, quasi-exclusivement faux-sens, sont dĂ©crites dans la littĂ©rature. Durant ma thĂšse, je me suis d’abord attachĂ© Ă  mieux rendre compte de l'hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© allĂ©lique au locus SLC40A1. Au travers d’une analyse exhaustive de la littĂ©rature, j’ai rĂ©alisĂ© une interprĂ©tation clinique, structurale et fonctionnelle d’un ensemble de 65 variants rares Ă  trĂšs rares et proposĂ© des corrĂ©lations gĂ©notype-phĂ©notype originales dans le cadre d’un premier article et de la crĂ©ation d’une base de donnĂ©es spĂ©cialisĂ©e. J’ai caractĂ©risĂ© huit nouvelles variations faux-sens identifiĂ©es dans le cadre de diffĂ©rentes collaborations nationales avec, Ă  la clĂ©, la description de nouveaux mĂ©canismes physiopathologiques associant perte et gain de fonction. Des analyses structurales basĂ©es sur les structures tridimensionnelles de FPN1 chez l’homme et la bactĂ©rie (BbFPN) m’ont permis d’expliquer cette ambivalence et de rĂ©vĂ©ler des aspects nouveaux du mĂ©canisme d’export du fer chez l’homme et de sa rĂ©gulation par l’hepcidine. Ces diffĂ©rents points seront Ă  la base de deux autres publications originales. Enfin, j’ai explorĂ© les possibles mĂ©canismes de rĂ©gulation Ă  distance du gĂšne SLC40A1, Ă  travers la combinaison d’études in silico et de validations in vitro (tests lucifĂ©rase, capture de la chromatine, Ă©dition gĂ©nique)

    Identification et caractérisation de formes rares de surcharge en fer : analyses structurales et fonctionnelles de la ferroportine et étude de la régulation à distance du gÚne SLC40A1

    No full text
    Ferroportin (FPN1) is the sole known iron exporter in mammals. This 12 transmembrane domain protein is a member of the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) of transporters and is negatively regulated by hepcidin. Mutations in the SLC40A1 gene encoding FPN1 are responsible for two distinct phenotypes, ferroportin disease and hemochromatosis type 4, depending on the functional impact of the variations: lossor gain-of-function. To date, more than 60 variations, almost exclusively missense, are described in the literature. During my thesis, I first tried to better account for allelic heterogeneity at the SLC40A1 locus.Through an exhaustive analysis of the literature, I performed a clinical, structural and functional interpretation of a set of 65 rare to very rare variants and proposed original genotype-phenotype correlations in the context of a first article and the creation of a locus-specific database. I characterized eight new missense variations identified thanks to different national collaborations with, as a result, the description of new physiopathological mechanisms associating both loss- and gain-of-function. Structural analyses based on the three-dimensional structures of FPN1 in humans and bacteria (BbFPN) allowed me to explain this ambivalence and to reveal new aspects of the iron export mechanism in humans and its regulation by hepcidin. These different points will be the basis of two other original publications. Finally, I explored the putative mechanisms of long-range regulation of the SLC40A1 gene, through a combination of in silico studies and in vitro validations (luciferase assays, chromatin capture, gene editing).La ferroportine (FPN1) est le seul exportateur de fer connu chez les mammifĂšres. Cette protĂ©ine de 12 domaines transmembranaires fait partie de la famille des transporteurs MFS (« Major Facilitator Superfamily ») et est rĂ©gulĂ©e nĂ©gativement par l’hepcidine. Les mutations dans le gĂšne SLC40A1 codant FPN1 sont responsables de deux phĂ©notypes distincts, la maladie de la ferroportine et l’hĂ©mochromatose de type 4, en fonction de l’impact fonctionnel des variations : perte ou gain de fonction. A ce jour, plus de 60 variations, quasi-exclusivement faux-sens, sont dĂ©crites dans la littĂ©rature. Durant ma thĂšse, je me suis d’abord attachĂ© Ă  mieux rendre compte de l'hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© allĂ©lique au locus SLC40A1. Au travers d’une analyse exhaustive de la littĂ©rature, j’ai rĂ©alisĂ© une interprĂ©tation clinique, structurale et fonctionnelle d’un ensemble de 65 variants rares Ă  trĂšs rares et proposĂ© des corrĂ©lations gĂ©notype-phĂ©notype originales dans le cadre d’un premier article et de la crĂ©ation d’une base de donnĂ©es spĂ©cialisĂ©e. J’ai caractĂ©risĂ© huit nouvelles variations faux-sens identifiĂ©es dans le cadre de diffĂ©rentes collaborations nationales avec, Ă  la clĂ©, la description de nouveaux mĂ©canismes physiopathologiques associant perte et gain de fonction. Des analyses structurales basĂ©es sur les structures tridimensionnelles de FPN1 chez l’homme et la bactĂ©rie (BbFPN) m’ont permis d’expliquer cette ambivalence et de rĂ©vĂ©ler des aspects nouveaux du mĂ©canisme d’export du fer chez l’homme et de sa rĂ©gulation par l’hepcidine. Ces diffĂ©rents points seront Ă  la base de deux autres publications originales. Enfin, j’ai explorĂ© les possibles mĂ©canismes de rĂ©gulation Ă  distance du gĂšne SLC40A1, Ă  travers la combinaison d’études in silico et de validations in vitro (tests lucifĂ©rase, capture de la chromatine, Ă©dition gĂ©nique)

    The Spectra of Disease-Causing Mutations in the Ferroportin 1 (SLC40A1) Encoding Gene and Related Iron Overload Phenotypes (Hemochromatosis Type 4 and Ferroportin Disease)

    No full text
    International audienceSLC40A1 is the sole iron export protein reported in mammals and is a key player in both cellular and systemic iron homeostasis. This unique iron exporter, which belongs to the major facilitator superfamily, is predominantly regulated by the hyposideremic hormone hepcidin. SLC40A1 dysfunction causes ferroportin disease, and autosomal dominant iron overload disorder characterized by cellular iron retention, principally in reticuloendothelial cells, correlating with high serum ferritin and low to normal transferrin saturation. Resistant to hepcidin, SLC40A1 mutations are rather associated with elevated plasma iron and parenchymal iron deposition, a condition that resembles HFE-related hemochromatosis and is associated with more clinical complications. With very few exceptions, only missense variations are reported at the SLC40A1 locus; this situation increasingly limits the establishment of pathogenicity. In this mutation update, we provide a comprehensive review of all the pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, variants of unknown significance, and benign or likely benign SLC40A1 variants. The classification is essentially determined using functional, structural, segregation, and recurrence data. We furnish new information on genotype-phenotype correlations for loss-of-function, gain-of-function, and other SLC40A1 variants, confirming the existence of wide clinical heterogeneity and the potential for misdiagnosis. All information is recorded in a locus-specific online database

    Familial transmission of chromoanagenesis leads to unpredictable unbalanced rearrangements through meiotic recombination

    No full text
    Abstract Chromoanagenesis is a cellular mechanism that leads to complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCR) during a single catastrophic event. It may result in loss and/or gain of genetic material and may be responsible for various phenotypes. These rearrangements are usually sporadic. However, some familial cases have been reported. Here, we studied six families in whom an asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic parent transmitted a CCR to its offspring in an unbalanced manner. The rearrangements were characterized by karyotyping, fluorescent in situ hybridization, chromosomal microarray (CMA) and/or whole genome sequencing (WGS) in the carrier parents and offspring. We then hypothesized meiosis‐pairing figures between normal and abnormal parental chromosomes that may have led to the formation of new unbalanced rearrangements through meiotic recombination. Our work indicates that chromoanagenesis might be associated with a normal phenotype and normal fertility, even in males, and that WGS may be the only way to identify these events when there is no imbalance. Subsequently, the CCR can be transmitted to the next generation in an unbalanced and unpredictable manner following meiotic recombination. Thereby, prenatal diagnosis using CMA should be proposed to these families to detect any pathogenic imbalances in the offspring
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