Development and…What? New Perspective for the Disarmament and Development Debate

SUMMARY Two and a half decades of attempts to link disarmament to development have largely failed. This article analyses the reasons for this failure and the implications for the Third World of the collapse of the consensus which previously underpinned East?West arms control negotiations. In addition, the accumulation of armaments in the Third World poses more problems than it answers. In the interests of both development and security, the concept of disarmament should be redefined. In place of the idea that a percentage of military expenditure from the North should be directed into a development fund for the South, and variations on this theme, the authors argue that a movement towards alternative defence structures linked to a broader alternative security regime would provide better prospects for positive change. SOMMAIRE Développement et… Quoi? Une nouvelle perspective pour le débat sur le désarmement et le développement Deux décennies et demie de tentatives pour la liaison du désarmement au développement ont grandement échoué. Cet article analyse les raisons de cet échec et les conséquences pour le Tiers Monde de l'écroulement du consensus qui auparavant étayait les négociations du contrôle de l'armement entre l'Est et l'Ouest. En outre, l'accumulation d'armes dans les pays du Tiers Monde pose plus de problèmes qu'elle n'en résout. Dans l'intérêt du développement et de la sécurité, le concept du désarmement devrait être redéfini. Au lieu d'une idée qu'un pourcentage des dépenses militaires du Nord devrait être dirigé vers un fond de développement pour le Sud, et des variations sur ce thème, les auteurs prouvent qu'un mouvement vers d'autres structures de défence lié à un régime de sécurité à vue large fournirait de meilleures perspectives pour un changement positif. RESUMEN Desarrollo y…qué? Una nueva perspectiva para el debate sobre desarme y desarrollo Este artículo analiza las razones por las cuales el intento por vincular el desarme con el desarrollo durante dos décadas y media ha fracasado. También examina las implicaciones que para el Tercer Mundo tiene el colapso del consenso previamente subyacente a las negociaciones para el control de armas entre Este y Oeste. Además, la acumulación de armamentos en el Tercer Mundo crea más problemas que los que resuelve. El concepto de desarme ha de ser redefinido tanto en interés del desarrollo como en el de la seguridad. En vez de proponer un fondo de desarrollo para el sur basado en un porcentaje de los gastos militares del Norte (o variaciones sobre lo mismo), los autores afirman que un movimiento hacia estructuras alternativas de defensa, ligadas a un régimen de seguridad alternativa más amplio, proporcionaría mejores posibilidades para un cambio positivo

Conceptual design of a fifth generation unmanned strike fighter

Unmanned aircraft have significantly transformed aerial warfare through a combination of new technologies, extended operational capabilities, and reduced risks and costs. Similarly, computational modelling techniques have accelerated the rate of development for aircraft by being able to explore a large number of design options from the earliest design stages, further reducing time, risks, and costs. The near future will see the proliferation of unmanned combat aerial vehicles under a variety of roles such as unmanned tankers, strike aircraft, and even air - to - air fighters. In this paper the GENUS aircraft design framework is used to develop an unmanned weapons carrying platform able to partially match the performance of 5th generation fighters such as the Joint Strike Fighter F-35A. The vision of future joint operations is for a single lead manned fighter to command and designate targets to its various loyal wingmen unmanned aircraft, extending the combat capabilities and significantly multiplying force and air superiority

The role of space in the security and defence policy of Turkey. A change in outlook: Security in space versus security from space

Space and security domains are strongly related with each other. Nowadays, space is an indispensable part of security and defence policy, and it is increasingly becoming a critical infrastructure for strategic Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) systems. However, space is vulnerable itself to the new space threats. This study reviews the current and near future space role in Turkey's security and defence policy and aims to address the threats against space based capabilities. To provide security from space, space based systems shall themselves need to be secure in space to warrant the security. The concept of security from space starts with space security, in other words the security in space. This paper also highlights the emerging technological opportunities for these space threats to be secure in space in order to provide the security from space. According to the relevant taxonomy, a categorized opportunity proposal for more robust and resilient space/satellite projects' architecture is proposed for Turkey

Measuring and improving the quality of mental health care: a global perspective

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141815/1/wps20482.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141815/2/wps20482_am.pd

Relinquishing and Governing the Volatile: The Many Afghanistans and Critical Research Agendas of NATO's Governance

This article invites academics and policy analysts to examine the mechanisms and legacy of NATO's security and development governance of Afghan social spaces by using critical theory concepts. It argues that such scholarly endeavors are growing in importance as the United States and NATO gradually pull their troops out of Afghanistan. Thus, the article suggests a broad twofold research agenda. First, it points out that researching social spaces such as towns, villages, marketplaces, and neighborhoods beyond the realm of intergovernmental politics can lead to thick descriptions of how such places have been governed from within by agents external to them. Second, the study argues for a multifaceted examination of instruments, strategies, and institutions of security governance, its conduct and social effects by deploying critical and Foucauldian concepts such as the rationality and apparatuses of power relations. Thereby, it proposes an inquiry into Provincial Reconstruction Teams and Afghan National Security Forces as spatially and temporally specific apparatuses of surveillance and security

Facilitating the analysis of a UK national blood service supply chain using distributed simulation

In an attempt to investigate blood unit ordering policies, researchers have created a discrete-event model of the UK National Blood Service (NBS) supply chain in the Southampton area of the UK. The model has been created using Simul8, a commercial-off-the-shelf discrete-event simulation package (CSP). However, as more hospitals were added to the model, it was discovered that the length of time needed to perform a single simulation severely increased. It has been claimed that distributed simulation, a technique that uses the resources of many computers to execute a simulation model, can reduce simulation runtime. Further, an emerging standardized approach exists that supports distributed simulation with CSPs. These CSP Interoperability (CSPI) standards are compatible with the IEEE 1516 standard The High Level Architecture, the defacto interoperability standard for distributed simulation. To investigate if distributed simulation can reduce the execution time of NBS supply chain simulation, this paper presents experiences of creating a distributed version of the CSP Simul8 according to the CSPI/HLA standards. It shows that the distributed version of the simulation does indeed run faster when the model reaches a certain size. Further, we argue that understanding the relationship of model features is key to performance. This is illustrated by experimentation with two different protocols implementations (using Time Advance Request (TAR) and Next Event Request (NER)). Our contribution is therefore the demonstration that distributed simulation is a useful technique in the timely execution of supply chains of this type and that careful analysis of model features can further increase performance

Flight Testing a Linear Parameter Varying Control Law on a Passenger Aircraft

To improve performance and efficiency of future aircraft generations, multi-objective control design problems considering effects such as over-actuation and lowly damped flexible modes arise from new materials in the wing design. A candidate method, which delivers a solution to this problem for the whole flight envelope is linear parameter varying (LPV) control synthesis. It already incorporates the controller scheduling in the synthesis process, guaranteeing stability and robustness over the entire scheduling envelope, and enables intuitive multi-objective, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) controller designs. To prove the concept of LPV controllers in a realistic environment, the flight test campaign results of LPV inner loop control laws on a Cessna Citation II (550) aircraft are presented in this paper. The implemented inner loop controllers are inspired by classical flight controllers used on state-of-the-art fly-by-wire airliners. The longitudinal motion is augmented with load-factor command and the lateral motion controller, which is inherently of MIMO type, features a roll rate command with attitude hold behavior. The control laws are validated in flight by the pilot with respect to functionality, flying and handling qualities. Furthermore, auto generated input signals are used to excite the aircraft without pilot in the loop to allow for a comparability with simulation results

Design, manufacture and test for reliable 3D printed electronics packaging

The development of a surrogate modelling approach to aid design of 3D printed electronics packaging structures is presented, alongside a detailed overview of manufacture and reliability of a representative test structure. An overview of the current status in 3D printing in the electronics packaging sector is provided. Subsequently, a surrogate modelling approach for correlating thermomechanical stresses within a package to a number of design parameters is presented. This approach enables the design of a package to be considered in a more insightful manner and can additionally be integrated into condition based monitoring tools capable of enhancing product robustness. An overview of an advanced electronics packaging system capable of 3D printing electronics packages is presented. The system combines inkjet printing and curing of multiple materials, including conductive silver inks, with precision component placement, multi-material dispensing and 3D inspection systems to provide a highly flexible solution for rapid manufacture of electronics packages. Test structures manufactured using the system were subjected to a vigorous set of reliability tests. Details of the test regime and related results are presented. All tests were passed, indicating the robustness of the described manufacturing process. The key originality of the work is that it provides a comprehensive overview of the journey from design assessment an optimisation, through the manufacturing process and on to reliability testing. Areas of novelty in this work are associated with the development of fast, accurate surrogate models able to predict key reliability factors in response to a range of design parameters and insight into the development of a 3D manufacturing system for electronics packaging

The cubicle warrior: the marionette of the digitalized warfare

In the last decade we have entered the era of remote controlled military technology. The excitement about this new technology should not mask the ethical questions that it raises. A fundamental ethical question is who may be held responsible for civilian deaths. In this paper we will discuss the role of the human operator or so-called ‘cubicle warrior’, who remotely controls the military robots behind visual interfaces. We will argue that the socio-technical system conditions the cubicle warrior to dehumanize the enemy. As a result the cubicle warrior is morally disengaged from his destructive and lethal actions. This challenges what he should know to make responsible decisions (the so-called knowledge condition). Nowadays and in the near future, three factors will influence and may increase the moral disengagement even further due to the decrease of locus of control orientation: (1) photo shopping the war; (2) the moralization of technology; (3) the speed of decision-making. As a result, cubicle warriors cannot be held reasonably responsible anymore for the decisions they make