EVALUATION OF SAFETY PROFILES OF ANURADHA OIL-AN HERBAL WOUND HEALING FORMULATION IN LABORATORY ANIMALS

Objective: To investigate Acute, Sub-acute dermal toxicity, Mucus membrane irritation activity of Anuradha Oil's (AO and AO11) – An herbal formulation having wound healing potential.Methods: The formulations were derived from Curcuma longa Linn and Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn rhizhomes,  Hamiltonia suaveolens Roxb bark,  Typha angustifolia Linn flowers,  Azadirachta indica A. Juss leaves without/with pig fat (AO and AO11 respectively)mixed in certain proportion using Sesamum indicum Linn oil as a base, manufactured at a GMP certified facility. Acute, sub-acute dermal safety, mucus membrane irritation profiles were studied by OECD guidelines number 434, 410 and 405 in Wistar rats and New Zealand rabbits respectively. For acute study dermal application of 2000 mg/kg single dose and for sub-acute study limit dose protocol of 1000 mg/kg for 28 days was used. For mucus membrane irritation test 0.10 ml dose was used.Results: In an acute study no local reaction, behavioral changes and mortality was observed at 2000 mg/kg by dermal route till 14 days. In sub-acute study with dermal application of 1000 mg/kg for 28 days, there were no abnormal signs/symptoms at the application site, no difference in body weight, food consumption, hematology/enzyme profiles, urine analysis, relative organ weights and histopathological observations of vital organs in comparison to control animals. Mucus membrane of rabbits showed no evidence of irritation for both oils.Conclusion: Acute dermal LD50 cut off for AO and AO11was found to be>2000 mg/kg, safe for dermal application for 28 days using the dose of 1000 mg/kg and non-irritant. Â

Partnership of obstetrician and neonatologist to improve neonatal outcome in peri-viable and premature babies: a cross sectional survey

Background: Collaboration between obstetricians and paediatricians/Neonatologists provides the best quality care to infants and their mothers. Present study was conducted to evaluate the practices of obstetricians and neonatologists’ partnership to improve neonatal outcome.Methods: Present cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on 50 Obstetricians and 50 paediatricians/ neonatologists during October 2021 to evaluate the practices of obstetricians and neonatologists’ partnership to improve neonatal outcome.Results: In present study, among 50 obstetricians and 50 pediatricians/ neonatologists, all i.e., 100 (100%) feel that partnership of obstetrician and neonatologist in managing pre-viable pregnancy improves neonatal outcome. Among 50 obstetricians, all i.e., 50 (100%) said that they will explain the need for caesarean section and if necessary classical caesarean section. All said they will explain the need and advantages of steroids. Among 50 pediatricians/ neonatologists, majority i.e., 44 (88%) said that they will explain the need for caesarean section and if necessary classical caesarean section. All said they will explain the need and advantages of steroids. Among 50 obstetricians, majority i.e., 45 (90%) said that they will explain thoroughly the risk to the baby, survival, short term complications and disability, 30 (60%) each said that they will explain thoroughly the risk of RDS, need of resuscitation, need of NICU for baby, uncertainty of hospital stay and outcome. Among 50 pediatricians/ neonatologists, all i.e., 50 (100%) each said that they will explain thoroughly the risk to the baby, survival, short term complications and disability, the risk of RDS, need of resuscitation, need of NICU for baby, uncertainty of hospital stay and outcome. Expressions of pediatricians/ neonatologists were significantly different on counselling aspects of mother and baby.Conclusions: In present study, majority of obstetricians and pediatricians/ neonatologists were of opinion that partnership between them surely improves neonatal outcome in peri viable and preterm babies. 

Assessment of menopausal symptoms using modified menopause rating scale among urban women doctors of India

Background: The study was conducted to assess the commonly reported menopausal symptoms among urban women doctors using modified menopause rating scale (MRS).Methods: The study was carried out in the society by google link. Convenient sample of 100 women doctors were included in the study. Menopausal symptoms were assessed using modified MRS.Results: In present study, 3 (3%) female doctors had premature menopause, 5 had menopause at 40-44 years, 15 (15%) had menopause at 45-49 years, 77 (77%) had menopause while no patient had menopause after 55 years. Hot flushes were seen in 70 (79%) women, heart discomfort/ palpitation was seen in 2 (2%) women, muscle and joint problems were seen in 30 (30%) women, sleeping problems were seen in 20 (20%) women. Depressive mood was seen in 2 (2%) women, irritability was seen in 12 (12%) women, an anxiety was seen in 22 (22%) women while physical and mental exhaustion was seen in 34 (34%%) women. Sexual problems were seen in 32 (32%) women, bladder problems were seen in 8 (8%) women dryness of the vagina was seen in 35 (35%) women (Table 6).Conclusions: Hot flushes and joint problems were the most common followed by urogenital symptom, sleep disturbance, and anxiety in the study. Menopausal symptoms were less prevalent. Busy schedule, self-confidence due to independent nature and constructive work might be the reason

A 3-D model of superfluid helium suitable for numerical analysis

The two-fluid description is a very successful phenomenological representation of the properties of Helium II. A 3-D model suitable for numerical analysis based on the Landau-Khalatnikov description of Helium II is proposed. In this paper we introduce a system of partial differential equations that is both complete and consistent as well as practical, to be used for a 3-D solution of the flow of Helium II. The development of a 3-D numerical model for Helium II is motivated by the need to validate experimental results obtained by observing the normal component velocity distribution in a Helium II thermal counter-flow using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique

Counter-propagating radiative shock experiments on the Orion laser and the formation of radiative precursors

We present results from new experiments to study the dynamics of radiative shocks, reverse shocks and radiative precursors. Laser ablation of a solid piston by the Orion high-power laser at AWE Aldermaston UK was used to drive radiative shocks into a gas cell initially pressurised between $0.1$ and $1.0 \ bar with different noble gases. Shocks propagated at {80 \pm 10 \ km/s} and experienced strong radiative cooling resulting in post-shock compressions of { \times 25 \pm 2}. A combination of X-ray backlighting, optical self-emission streak imaging and interferometry (multi-frame and streak imaging) were used to simultaneously study both the shock front and the radiative precursor. These experiments present a new configuration to produce counter-propagating radiative shocks, allowing for the study of reverse shocks and providing a unique platform for numerical validation. In addition, the radiative shocks were able to expand freely into a large gas volume without being confined by the walls of the gas cell. This allows for 3-D effects of the shocks to be studied which, in principle, could lead to a more direct comparison to astrophysical phenomena. By maintaining a constant mass density between different gas fills the shocks evolved with similar hydrodynamics but the radiative precursor was found to extend significantly further in higher atomic number gases (\sim$$4$ times further in xenon than neon). Finally, 1-D and 2-D radiative-hydrodynamic simulations are presented showing good agreement with the experimental data.Comment: HEDLA 2016 conference proceeding

Finite volume simulation of 2-D steady square lid driven cavity flow at high reynolds numbers

In this work, computer simulation results of steady incompressible flow in a 2-D square lid-driven cavity up to Reynolds number (Re) 65000 are presented and compared with those of earlier studies. The governing flow equations are solved by using the finite volume approach. Quadratic upstream interpolation for convective kinematics (QUICK) is used for the approximation of the convective terms in the flow equations. In the implementation of QUICK, the deferred correction technique is adopted. A non-uniform staggered grid arrangement of 768x768 is employed to discretize the flow geometry. Algebraic forms of the coupled flow equations are then solved through the iterative SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equation) algorithm. The outlined computational methodology allows one to meet the main objective of this work, which is to address the computational convergence and wiggled flow problems encountered at high Reynolds and Peclet (Pe) numbers. Furthermore, after Re > 25000 additional vortexes appear at the bottom left and right corners that have not been observed in earlier studies

A Very High-Order Accurate Staggered Finite Volume Scheme for the Stationary Incompressible Navier–Stokes and Euler Equations on Unstructured Meshes

International audienceWe propose a sixth-order staggered finite volume scheme based on polynomial reconstructions to achieve high accurate numerical solutions for the incompressible Navier-Stokes and Euler equations. The scheme is equipped with a fixed-point algorithm with solution relaxation to speed-up the convergence and reduce the computation time. Numerical tests are provided to assess the effectiveness of the method to achieve up to sixth-order con-2 Ricardo Costa et al. vergence rates. Simulations for the benchmark lid-driven cavity problem are also provided to highlight the benefit of the proposed high-order scheme

From Poverty to Disaster and Back: a Review of the Literature

Poor people are disproportionally affected by natural hazards and disasters. This paper provides a review of the multiple factors that explain why this is the case. It explores the role of exposure (often, but not always, poor people are more likely to be affected by hazards), vulnerability (when they are affected, poor people tend to lose a larger fraction of their wealth), and socio-economic resilience (poor people have a lower ability to cope with and recover from disaster impacts). Finally, the paper highlights the vicious circle between poverty and disaster losses: poverty is a major driver of people’s vulnerability to natural disasters, which in turn increase poverty in a measurable and significant way. The main policy implication is that poverty reduction can be considered as disaster risk management, and disaster risk management can be considered as poverty reduction

Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of Interaction between Model Rough Hydrophobic Surfaces

We study some aspects of hydrophobic interaction between molecular rough and flexible model surfaces. The model we use in this work is based on a model we used previously (Eun, C.; Berkowitz, M. L. J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113, 13222-13228), when we studied the interaction between model patches of lipid membranes. Our original model consisted of two graphene plates with attached polar headgroups; the plates were immersed in a water bath. The interaction between such plates can be considered as an example of a hydrophilic interaction. In the present work we modify our previous model by removing the charge from the zwitterionic headgroups. As a result of this procedure, the plate character changes; it becomes hydrophobic. By separating the total interaction (or potential of mean force, PMF) between plates into the direct and the water-mediated interactions we observe that the latter changes from repulsive to attractive, clearly emphasizing the important role of water as a medium. We also investigate the effect of roughness and flexibility of the headgroups on the interaction between plates and observe that roughness enhances the character of the hydrophobic interaction. The presence of a dewetting transition in a confined space between charge-removed plates confirms that the interaction between plates is strongly hydrophobic. In addition, we notice that there is a shallow local minimum in the PMF in case of charge-removed plates. We find that this minimum is associated with the configurational changes that flexible headgroups undergo, as the two plates are brought together.Comment: 27 pages, 9 figure

Sequential induction of three recombination directionality factors directs assembly of tripartite integrative and conjugative elements

Tripartite integrative and conjugative elements (ICE3) are a novel form of ICE that exist as three separate DNA regions integrated within the genomes of Mesorhizobium spp. Prior to conjugative transfer the three ICE3 regions of M. ciceri WSM1271 ICEMcSym1271 combine and excise to form a single circular element. This assembly requires three coordinated recombination events involving three site-specific recombinases IntS, IntG and IntM. Here, we demonstrate that three excisionases–or recombination directionality factors—RdfS, RdfG and RdfM are required for ICE3 excision. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that expression of ICE3 transfer and conjugation genes was induced by quorum sensing. Quorum sensing activated expression of rdfS, and in turn RdfS stimulated transcription of both rdfG and rdfM. Therefore, RdfS acts as a “master controller” of ICE3 assembly and excision. The dependence of all three excisive reactions on RdfS ensures that ICE3 excision occurs via a stepwise sequence of recombination events that avoids splitting the chromosome into a non-viable configuration. These discoveries expose a surprisingly simple control system guiding molecular assembly of these novel and complex mobile genetic elements and highlight the diverse and critical functions of excisionase proteins in control of horizontal gene transfer