Effect of heating rate on the crack formation during baking in carbon anodes used in aluminum industry

The quality of carbon anodes used in aluminum industry depends on the raw material properties and the manufacturing process parameters. It is one of the key factors directly related to the aluminum production cost. The degradation in anode quality such as crack formation increases the energy consumption, the environmental emissions, and the smelter’s overall operating cost. The objective of this work is to investigate the formation of cracks in several industrial green anode samples during baking at different heating rates and to determine the influence of this baking parameter on the crack formation. The samples were characterized before and after baking by measuring a number of physical properties (electrical resistivity, density, etc.) which define the final quality of the anode samples. Also, techniques based on ultra-sound and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the extent of cracking after baking

Feasibility studies for the measurement of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors from p¯ p→ μ+μ- at P ¯ ANDA at FAIR

This paper reports on Monte Carlo simulation results for future measurements of the moduli of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors, | GE| and | GM| , using the p¯ p→ μ+μ- reaction at P ¯ ANDA (FAIR). The electromagnetic form factors are fundamental quantities parameterizing the electric and magnetic structure of hadrons. This work estimates the statistical and total accuracy with which the form factors can be measured at P ¯ ANDA , using an analysis of simulated data within the PandaRoot software framework. The most crucial background channel is p¯ p→ π+π-, due to the very similar behavior of muons and pions in the detector. The suppression factors are evaluated for this and all other relevant background channels at different values of antiproton beam momentum. The signal/background separation is based on a multivariate analysis, using the Boosted Decision Trees method. An expected background subtraction is included in this study, based on realistic angular distributions of the background contribution. Systematic uncertainties are considered and the relative total uncertainties of the form factor measurements are presented

PANDA Phase One - PANDA collaboration

The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany, provides unique possibilities for a new generation of hadron-, nuclear- and atomic physics experiments. The future antiProton ANnihilations at DArmstadt (PANDA or P¯ANDA) experiment at FAIR will offer a broad physics programme, covering different aspects of the strong interaction. Understanding the latter in the non-perturbative regime remains one of the greatest challenges in contemporary physics. The antiproton–nucleon interaction studied with PANDA provides crucial tests in this area. Furthermore, the high-intensity, low-energy domain of PANDA allows for searches for physics beyond the Standard Model, e.g. through high precision symmetry tests. This paper takes into account a staged approach for the detector setup and for the delivered luminosity from the accelerator. The available detector setup at the time of the delivery of the first antiproton beams in the HESR storage ring is referred to as the Phase One setup. The physics programme that is achievable during Phase One is outlined in this paper

Serological differentiation between Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis infections in man.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adapted for the serological differential diagnosis of cystic or alveolar echinococcosis in man caused by Echinococcus granulosus or E. multilocularis respectively. By affinity chromatography using rabbit anti hydatid fluid IgG coupled covalently to CNBr-Sepharose 4B a protein fraction (Em 1) containing shared antigens of both parasites could be isolated from an extract of E. multilocularis metacestode tissue. From the same source another antigen fraction (Em 2) with a high degree of specificity for E. multilocularis was prepared by immunosorption. Antigen Em 1 was equally sensitive for the detection of antibodies against E. granulosus and E. multilocularis, whereas antigen fraction Em 2 appeared to be more specific for E. multilocularis. A correct serological differential diagnosis was achieved in 95% of 57 confirmed cases of human cystic or alveolar echinococcosis by the simultaneous use of both antigen fractions in the ELISA and by comparison of their reactivities