Knowledge levels of members of different occupations on child abuse and neglect

Due to the fact that there are limited numbers of studies on child abuse and neglect in our country and the fact that insufficient training before and after graduation cause lack of information and experience in occupations that involve children, some cases may not be noticed.Purpose: This study was conducted to find out the knowledge levels of nurses, teachers and police who have an important role in recognizing and preventing child abuse and neglect.Methods: 220 nurses, 128 teachers and 150 police working in a town center in the North of Turkey participated in the study. A questionnaire was used to determine the knowledge levelsof the participants on children's neglect and physical and sexual abuse. The data was analyzed by SPSS package program and percentages and chisquare test was used in analyses.Results: 72.5% of the police, 65.9% of the nurses and 21.1% of the teachers stated that they had encountered child abuse and neglect. In terms of the levels of recognizing evidence of neglect in children, no statistically significant difference was found between occupational groups; however, a statistically significant difference was found between groups in terms of recognizing evidence of physical abuse.Conclusions: The results of this study showed that nurses were more successful than teachers and police in diagnosing the symptoms of physical and sexual abuse in children; however, no difference was found between the members of different occupations in terms of diagnosing signs of neglect in children

Current Molecular Genetic Developments in Forensic DNA Analysis

DNA analysis obtained from forensic biological evidence provides strong evidence in identifying the perpetrator associated with the incident. The interindividual difference in the number of STR regions and the low mutation rate in these regions have made STRs preferred as genetic markers for donor identification. However, if amount of DNA in the forensic biological material is too low or the DNA is corrupted to such an extent that it doesn't allow analysis, short tandem repeat regions, which are frequently used in forensic genetic methods, cannot be determined. In the case of doubt, when there is no match to the STR profile, any information that can assist in identifying the sample's donor would be invaluable. Therefore, in the forensic genetics, in the diagnosis of identity of biological samples that are difficult to analyze, determining the additional information about the physical appearence of the donor such as age, hair and eyes colours with forensic DNA phenotyping, also such as body fluid and tissue type determination with mRNA and miRNA analyses, new current molecular methods have started to develop in the genetic and epigenetic field. In this review, for analysis of STRs and other markers we review recent advances in this field to maximize the analysis potential in identifying the phenotype of interest, largely through the application of MSP, developments in the interpretation of mixture DNA profiles containing genetic material of more than one person, RNA profiling for body fluid identification, and inclusion of epigenetic methods such as examination of methylation profiles

The Effects of Virtual Reality and Kaleidoscope on Pain and Fear During Blood Draw in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the effect of cartoon watching with virtual reality (VR) glasses and kaleidoscope used during blood draw on the pain and fear of children. Methods: The universe of this randomized controlled study was composed of 7-12-year-old children who were admitted to blood draw unit of a hospital between January-April 2020. Data of the study were collected by using “Participant Information Form”, “Visual Analog Scale”, “Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale” and “The Children’s Fear Scale (CFS).” Results: Mean pain scores of the children in kaleidoscope and VR groups were found to be significantly lower than the ones in the control group in the study (p<0.05). Mean fear scores of the children in kaleidoscope and VR groups were significantly lower than the control group based on CFS (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that kaleidoscope and VR methods were found to be effective in alleviating pain and fear among 7-12-year-old children during blood draw

The Examination of Technological Device Usage and Sleep Habits among the Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective:This study was conducted to examine the technological device usage states and sleep habits of 5-12 year-old children before and during the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Materials and Methods:It is a descriptive study. This study was conducted with the parents of 488 children who were aged between 5-12 years old and studying in a kindergarten, 3 elementary schools and 3 secondary schools between March 2021 and June 2021. Data were collected by “Descriptive Information Form” and the “Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ)” in the study. Descriptive statistics and parametric tests were used to analyze the data.Results:In the study, a statistically significant difference was found in technological device usage and times of children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic period (p<0.05). It was determined that 100% of children had sleep problems clinically. A statistically significant difference was found between the mean scores of students from the CSHQ based on the education and income states of their parents (p<0.05). Additionally, a statistically significant difference was found between the mean CSHQ scores based on the duration of child’s daily technological device usage (p<0.05).Conclusion:Longer time spent with technological devices by 5-12 year old children during the COVID-19 pandemic was found to show a negative effect on the sleep habits of the children

The Effect of Play Activities for COVID-19 Positive and MIS-C Pediatric Patients on the Anxiety and Fear of Children and Their Parents

Cilj: Ova studija imala je za cilj utvrditi učinke igre na anksioznost i strah pedijatrijskih pacijenata pozitivnih na COVID-19 i pacijena- ta s MIS-C-om te njihovih roditelja Metode: Ovo je eksperimentalna studija koja je pripremljena putem STROBE smjernica. Ispitanu populaciju činilo je 38 djece koja su liječena u odjelu sveučilišne COVID-19 bolnice. Dječji mjerač anksioznosti Rezultati: Utvrđene su značajne razlike dječje anksioznosti i straha u eksperimentalnoj skupini prije i nakon igre te značajne razlike između rezultata anksioznosti roditelja i djece (<0,05). Međutim, nije pronađena značajna razlika između rezultata anksioznosti i straha nakon igre djece u eksperimentalnoj skupini i rezultata kontrolne skupine. Diskusija: Eksperimentalna skupina imala je niske prosječne rezultate anksioznosti i straha nakon igre.Aim: This study aims to determine the effects of play activities for COVID-19 positive and MIS-C pediatric patients on the anxiety and fear of children and their parents. Methods: This is an experimental study that was prepared through STROBE. The study population consisted of 38 children treated in a university hospital COVID-19 unit. The Children’s Anxiety Meter-State and the Children’s Fear Scale were administered before and after the play activities. The parents’ fear and anxiety were assessed using the COVID-19 Phobia Scale and the Beck Anxiety Inven- tory. The book and coloring set was prepared in advance and delivered to the experimental group in a package. After the sets were given to the parents, the parents read the book to their children the same day. Afterward, they were asked to color pictures of coro- navirus precautions together with the children. SPSS 22.00 package program was used to analyze the study data. The Mann-Whit- ney U test was used to compare independent groups, and Wilcoxon analysis was used to analyze dependent variables before and after the play activities. Results: Based on the children’s anxiety and fear scores in the experimental group, significant differences were found before and after the play activities and significant differences between the anxiety scores (<0.05) of parents and children. However, no significant difference was found between post-play anxiety and fear scores of children in the experimental group and the scores of the control group. Discussion: The experimental group had low mean anxiety and fear scores after the play activities. Play activities should be used to reduce the anxiety and fear of children who are treated in isolation in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Even if children are restricted to isolation rooms, their daily routines should be maintained, and their parents should be supported

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Ameliyat öncesi dönemde çocuklara verilen eğitim ve terapötik oyun yöntemlerinin çocuğun kaygı, korku ve ağrı düzeylerine etkisinin incelenmesi

Bu araştırma ameliyat öncesi dönemde anksiyete ve korku düzeyinin düşürülmesinde kullanılan eğitimin ve terapötik oyunun, çocuğun ameliyat sonrası anksiyete, korku ve ağrı düzeyi üzerine etkinliğini saptamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evreni Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Hastanesi Çocuk Cerrahisi Servisi ve Samsun Kadın Doğum ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Hastanesi Çocuk Cerrahisi Servisinde oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemi, belirtilen kurumlarda, 7- 12 yaş arası ameliyat olmak için gelen, araştırma kriterlerine uyan 300 çocuk oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında, çocukların ve annelerinin sosyodemografik özelliklerini belirleyen soru formu, Çocuklar İçin Durumluk Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri (ÇDSKE), Tıbbi İşlem Korku Ölçeği, Wong ve Baker ‘in “ Yüz İfadeleri Derecelendirme Skalası “ ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Non parametrik testlerden Kruskal Wallis testi, Mann Whitney U testi, Wilcoxon test ve pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Kontrol grubundaki çocuk ve annelerine rutin bilgilendirme yapılmış. Eğitim grubundaki çocuk ve annelerine hazırlanan eğitim kitapçıkları ile birlikte video gösterisi yapılmıştır. Eğitim ile birlikte oyun ile ameliyata hazırlanan gruba da çeşitli oyun malzemeleri ve bazı tıbbi araçlarla dramatizasyon yöntemi ile oyun oynanmıştır. Bu çalışmada çocukların %88.7’si erkek cinsiyette olup % 76’sı sünnet için gelenler oluşturmuştur. Çocukların %76.7’sinin daha önce ameliyat olmadıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Araştırma sonunda kontrol grubuna göre eğitim ve eğitim ile birlikte terapötik oyun ile ameliyata hazırlanan çocukların ameliyat sonrasında kaygı ve korkularının azaldığı ve bu farkın istatiksel olarak ileri derecede anlamlı olduğu ( p0.05). Araştırmanın sonunda verilen eğitim ve yapılan terapötik oyunun çocuğun anksiyete ve korkusunu azaltmada oldukça etkili olduğu ama ağrıya etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür

Examination Of Robert Schumann’s Song Cycle Frauenliebe Und Leben in Accordance With The International Phonetic Alphabet System

Robert Schumann's 8-lied series of poems written by poet Adelberg Von Chamisso is one of the most performed lied series in the world. This index, one of the best examples of the romantic period and poetry of German music, has been chosen to be studied in terms of its quantity, which is not short but does not contain many lied like other lied sequences, and in terms of its narrative of a story in literature. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), which is not known enough by the singing institutions and singing artists in our country, is used in many countries around the world and is taught as lessons in conservatories. IPA is intended to increase the level of recognition in our country, especially during singing training or pre-execution studies because of its benefits. In this study, based on the German language, a Turkish-German IPA table was created to serve a source for singing students and singers, who are singing in German language to benefit from phonetic studies. This study, which is mentioned in the IPA system in general, is important in terms of being a source for researchers, singing students and singers by presenting the tables created by sound scientists.Robert Schumann’ın şair Adelberg von Chamisso’nun şiirleri üzerine yazdığı 8 liedden oluşan dizisi Frauenliebe und Leben dünyada en çok seslendirilen lied dizilerinden biridir. Alman müziğinin romantik döneminin ve şiirinin güzel örneklerinden biri olan bu dizi, kısa olmayan ancak diğer lied dizileri gibi çok sayıda lied barındırmayan bir niceliğe sahiptir. Tüm bu özelliklerin yanı sıra edebi olarak da bir hikâye anlatması bakımından incelenmek için tercih edilmiştir. Ülkemizde şan eğitimi veren kurumlar ve şan sanatçıları tarafından henüz tanınmayan Uluslararası Fonetik Alfabe (IPA) dünyada pek çok ülkede kullanılmakta, konservatuvarlarda ders olarak okutulmaktadır. IPA’nın ülkemizdeki tanınma düzeyini artırmak, özellikle şan eğitiminde ya da icra öncesi ön çalışmalar sırasındaki faydaları nedeniyle kullanımını artırmak maksadıyla incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Almanca dili baz alınarak yapılan çalışmada bir Türkçe-Almanca IPA Sistemi Tablosu oluşturularak, şan öğrencileri ve Alman Dili’nde şarkı söyleyecek şarkıcılar tarafından fonetik çalışmaları sırasında faydalanacakları bir kaynak sunulması amaçlanmıştır. IPA sisteminden genel olarak bahsedilen bu çalışma, ses bilimcileri tarafından oluşturulan tablolara yer verilerek araştırmacılara, şan öğrencilerine ve ses sanatçılarına kaynak olması bakımından önem taşımaktadır