Perancangan Alat Ukur Posisi Bersepeda Ergonomics Bicycle

Bicycles are tools of transportation that is very common and widespread use in the world which is used by people of all ages. Not only as a means of transportation bike is also one hobby that is much in demand by the public and it is a lifestyle for some people of the city. Bicycles are also considered as recreational and sports activities are popular. Stout bike communities formed, and not a few communities mengcustome bicycle bike as you wish and use. The development of the bike into wide variety ofdesign bikemanufacturer standards that are customized to the dimensions of the human body and can be set according user desire. Because the dimensions of the human body different riders still have to do the settings or adjustments to some bike components such as height and angle of the handlebar (handlebars) and stool (saddle), which can be replaced outside of the design of the manufacturer in accordance with the wishes and comfort. Industrial engineering attention has to pay attention to ergonomic factors related between work stations or work equipment with humans. Humans have anthropometry or body dimensions can be adjusted with the main dimensions of the bike, the main dimensions of the bike can be changed or adjusted, but the size, distance and position of the bike plays an important role in setting up the bike, so it takes a measurement tool ergonomics position of cycling can easily organize position sesusai cycling comfort with ergonomics approach. In this study, researchers will design a tool which makes it easier penyepeda tool (users) to adjust the position of cycling suit bicycle use. Ergonomics help to improve the ease in helping to set the bike as you wish penyepeda by considering three most important aspects of making the design of the measuring instrument bike rider is close

Job Satisfaction in Dental Practices - A Qualitative Study on Leadership Activities of Dentist Managers

MSc in ManagementThe field of management has been emphasized in this qualitative case study, featuring a particular emphasis on the leadership practices of dental managers who do not hold a professional management degree and how these practices affect their staff members' job satisfaction. This study is guided by a research topic that aims to comprehend the relationship that exists between leadership activities and employee job satisfaction in dentistry settings. Through qualitative data collection methods, including interviews with 15 employees and observations of a dental company, this study investigates five key findings: ‘flexible working conditions’, ‘fairness, trust, and respect’, ‘effective communication’, ‘recognition and appreciation’, and ‘manageable workload and realistic expectations’. The analysis is framed within the theoretical lenses of distributed leadership and relational leadership, allowing for a meticulous examination of how these leadership approaches are exhibited within the context of a dental company. The findings reveal that keeping discursiveness and communicating with no boundaries, creating autonomy, building mutual relationships, maintaining work/life balance play crucial roles in contributing positive employee job satisfaction. The discussion emphasizes the unique aspects of the dental settings in the healthcare industry, where managers are deeply involved in day-to-day operations and maintain a high level of interaction with employees. Drawing on the empirical context of the study, the research might help fill previous studies' neglect by exploring the practical implications of leadership theories within a specific healthcare industry context and emphasizing the relevance of understanding and applying tailored leadership approaches to enhance organizational effectiveness, particularly job satisfaction

A User Interface Study on Sustainable City Trip Recommendations

The importance of promoting sustainable and environmentally responsible practices is becoming increasingly recognized in all domains, including tourism. The impact of tourism extends beyond its immediate stakeholders and affects passive participants such as the environment, local businesses, and residents. City trips, in particular, offer significant opportunities to encourage sustainable tourism practices by directing travelers towards destinations that minimize environmental impact while providing enriching experiences. Tourism Recommender Systems (TRS) can play a critical role in this. By integrating sustainability features in TRS, travelers can be guided towards destinations that meet their preferences and align with sustainability objectives. This paper investigates how different user interface design elements affect the promotion of sustainable city trip choices. We explore the impact of various features on user decisions, including sustainability labels for transportation modes and their emissions, popularity indicators for destinations, seasonality labels reflecting crowd levels for specific months, and an overall sustainability composite score. Through a user study involving mockups, participants evaluated the helpfulness of these features in guiding them toward more sustainable travel options. Our findings indicate that sustainability labels significantly influence users towards lower-carbon footprint options, while popularity and seasonality indicators guide users to less crowded and more seasonally appropriate destinations. This study emphasizes the importance of providing users with clear and informative sustainability information, which can help them make more sustainable travel choices. It lays the groundwork for future applications that can recommend sustainable destinations in real-time

İlkokul 4. Sınıf öğrencilerinin aile birliğine önem vermeleri ile hoşgörü eğilimleri arasındaki ilişki

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Bu araştırma, ilkokul 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin aile birliğine önem vermeleri ile hoşgörü eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla (kim? tarafından geliştirilen) üç alt boyuttan ("değer", "kabul" ve "empati") oluşan 18 maddelik Hoşgörü Eğilim Ölçeği ve (kim? tarafından geliştirilen) dört alt boyuttan ("sevgi", "saygı", "iletişim" ve "sadakat") oluşan 22 maddelik Aile Birliğini Önemseme Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubunu 2014-2015 eğitim öğretim yılında Sakarya ili Adapazarı ilçesinde öğrenim gören 536'sı (%49) kadın, 565'i erkek (%51) olmak üzere toplam 1101 ilkokul 4. sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada tarama modellerinden karşılaştırma türü ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi sonucuna göre cinsiyet, annenin gelir getiren bir işte çalışma durumu, anne babanın birlikte yaşama durumu, aile tipi ve okul türü değişkenleri ile ilgili verilerin analizinde istatistiksel teknik olarak parametrik testlerden t testi; öğrencilerin algılarına göre gelir düzeyi değişkeni için parametresiz testlerden Kruskal Wallis H testi yapılmıştır. Kruskal-Wallis H testi sonucunda anlamlı çıkan farklılığın hangi gruplar arasında olduğunu belirlemek için Mann-Whitney U testi yapılmıştır. Aritmetik ortalamaların belirlenmesinde 1.00-1.79 hiç uygun değil, 1.80-2.59 uygun değil, 2.60-3.39 biraz uygun, 3.40-4.19 uygun, 4.20-5.00 tamamen uygun puan aralığı olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin aile birliğini önemseme ile hoşgörü eğilim düzeyleri arasında anlamlı ve pozitif yönde ilişkilerin olduğu; öğrencilerin aile birliğine önem verme düzeylerinin cinsiyet, annelerinin gelir getiren bir işte çalışıp çalışmaması, aile tipleri ve okul türlerine göre anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaşmadığı; anne ve babaları beraber yaşamaları durumuna göre anne babaları beraber yaşayan öğrenciler lehine, öğrencilerin algıladıkları aile gelir düzeyine göre üst ekonomik gelir düzeyi lehine anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaştığı bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin hoşgörü eğilim düzeylerinin annelerinin gelir getiren bir işte çalışması durumuna ve aile tiplerine göre ölçek toplamında anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaşmadığı bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin hoşgörü eğilim düzeyleri; cinsiyetlerine göre kız öğrenciler lehine, anne babalarının beraber yaşamaları durumuna göre anne babaları beraber yaşayan öğrenciler lehine, öğrencilerin algıladıkları gelir düzeyine göre alt ekonomik gelir düzeyi aleyhine ve devam ettikleri okul türüne göre özel okulda öğrenim gören öğrenciler lehine anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Değer, Aile, Aile Birliği, Aile Birliğini Önemseme, Hoşgörü, Hoşgörü eğilimi.This research was conducted to determine the relationship between the importance of family cohesion and the tendency towards tolerance in the 4th grade primary school students. For this purpose, a 18-item Tolerance Tendency Scale consisting of three sub-dimensions and a 22-item Family Unity Scale were used. The subscales of the Tolerance Tendency Scale are "value", "acceptance" and "empathy". The sub-dimensions of the Family Unity Do Scene are "love", "respect", "communication" and "loyalty". 531 (49%) female and 565 male (51%) students in the study group in the province of Adapazarı in the province of Sakarya in the academic year 2014-2015 constitute a total of 1101 elementary school 4th grade students. In the research, the comparison type relational scan model was used in the survey models. Parametric T test has been used as a statistical technique in the analysis of data that related to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test result regarding gender, mother's employment status, parental cohabitation, family type and school type variables; Kruskal Wallis H test was performed for the income level change according to the perceptions of the students. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine which groups were significant differences in the Kruskal-Wallis H test result. Arithmetic mean of 1.00-1.79 is not appropriate, 1.80-2.59 is not appropriate, 2.60-3.39 is somewhat appropriate, 3.40-4.19 is appropriate, and 4.20-5.00 is entirely appropriate. As a result of the researh, it was found that there is a meaningful and positive relation for students between importance of family cohesion and the levels of tolerance tendency; that the level of giving importance to family cohesion of students does not change significantly according to gender, whether or not their mothers work in jobs which provide income, types of families or schools; but changes significantly according to the situation in which the parents live together in favor of the students whose parents live together, according to the level of income perceived by students in favor of high income levels. It was found that the level of tolerance tendency of the students did not significantly differ between the mothers working level of income and family scale. The level of tolerance tendency of students; It has been found that for the students who are girls according to their genders, the parents differ significantly in favor of the students who live together in the private school according to the state of the cohabitation, according to the level of income they have perceived. Keywords: Value, Family, Family Union, Caring About Family Unity, Tolerance, Tolerance Tendencies

Role of the Mechanical Interdental Plaque Control in the Management of Periodontal Health: How Many Options Do We Have?

Untreated caries and severe periodontal disease are the most frequently encountered reasons for the tooth loss in adult population all over the world, which leads to reduced quality of life. For many years, a plethora of studies revealed the fundamental role of the microorganisms in oral biofilm in the development of caries and periodontal destruction. The primary means of oral biofilm control are through mechanical action. Although toothbrushing removes biofilm from the buccal, oral, and occlusal surfaces, it does not reach efficiently into the interdental areas. Today, several interdental cleaning devices are available over the counter for individual needs. On the other hand, this variety may be confusing for the patients to choose the right device for themselves. Therefore, dental professionals are responsible to guide their patients according to their specific needs with an evidence-based approach. Since direct evidence for the relation of interdental cleaning and periodontal disease prevention is on research, there is still a need for randomized controlled studies on interdental cleaning to increase the strength of evidence. From this standpoint, the aim of this chapter is to evaluate the cleaning efficacy of different interdental cleaning devices regarding in vitro and in vivo aspects together with patient preference and acceptance

Numerical Modelling of Uniaxial Compressive Tests on Sille Bimrock

This study numerically investigates the mechanical behaviour of a welded blocky pyroclastic rock mass located in Sille (Turkey), that can be assigned as agglomerate-bimrock (block-in-matrix rock). Two cultural-archaeological heritage sites, very attractive tourist destinations, were carved in the Sille bimrock mass about 1500 years ago: a hill settlement called “Sekili Cave” and a semi-underground Church called “Koimesis Tes Panagias Church”. These antique rock-hewn structures suffer from serious stability problems such as shear fractures of the pillars, structurally controlled rock falls, overbreak and matrix erosion, but still a significant part of them has nevertheless maintained instability for years. To preserve these historical structures, the knowledge of the mechanical behaviour of the Sille agglomerate is crucial. This paper focuses on numerical simulations of uniaxial compressive tests performed on the Sille bimrock, with the aim to calibrate the mechanical parameters to be used for future stability analyses of the rock-hewn structures. Suitable heterogeneous models have been considered for 2D Finite Element (FEM) analyses, by introducing the interfaces between the matrix and blocks, for a reliable simulation of the behaviour of this challenging rock mass

Physical activity interventions in children and young people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Aims To synthesize evidence from randomized and non‐randomized studies of physical activity interventions in children and young people with Type 1 diabetes so as to explore clinically relevant health outcomes and inform the promotion of physical activity. Method We conducted a search of CINAHL Plus, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, SportDiscus and Web of Science between October and December 2012. Eligible articles included subjects aged ≤18 years with Type 1 diabetes and a physical activity intervention that was more than a one‐off activity session. Physiological, psychological, behavioural or social outcomes were those of interest. Results A total of 26 articles (10 randomized and 16 non‐randomized studies), published in the period 1964–2012, were reviewed. Although there was heterogeneity in study design, methods and reporting, 23 articles reported at least one significant beneficial health outcome at follow‐up. Meta‐analyses of these studies showed potential benefits of physical activity on HbA1c (11 studies, 345 participants, standardized mean difference ‐0.52, 95% CI ‐0.97 to ‐0.07; P = 0.02), BMI (four studies, 195 participants, standardized mean difference ‐0.41, 95% CI ‐0.70 to ‐0.12; P = 0.006) and triglycerides (five studies, 206 participants, standardized mean difference ‐0.70, 95% CI ‐1.25 to ‐0.14; P = 0.01).The largest effect size was for total cholesterol (five studies, 206 participants, standardized mean difference ‐0.91, 95% CI ‐1.66 to ‐0.17; P = 0.02). Conclusions Physical activity is important for diabetes management and has the potential to delay cardiovascular disease, but there is a lack of studies that are underpinned by psychological behaviour change theory, promoting sustained physical activity and exploring psychological outcomes. There remains a lack of knowledge of how to promote physical activity in people with Type 1 diabetes

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE LEVELS AND THE DIGIT RATIO OF

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; 35 yaş ve üstü master grupta yer alan atletlerin fiziksel ve fizyolojik özellikleri ile her iki elin parmak oranı arasındaki ilişki düzeyini saptamaktır. Gereç ve yöntem: İzmir Master Atletler Kulübüne üye olan 21 erkek ve 9 bayandan oluşan toplam 30 atlet üzerinde yapıldı. Sporcuların her iki ellerindeki işaret ve yüzük parmak uzunlukları dijital bir kumpas yardımıyla ölçüldü, daha sonra parmakların birbirine oranları belirlendi. Boy kilo ve vücut yağ oranları ölçüldü. Eldeki işaret parmağı, yüzük parmağından uzun olanlar östrojenin baskın olduğu grup, işaret parmağı yüzük parmağından kısa olanlar testosteronun baskın olduğu grup olarak tanımlandı. Fiziksel Performans testlerinden Maksimal oksijen kullanımı (VO2 Max), otur-uzan esneklik testi, dikey sıçrama testi, el-pençe kuvvet testi, sırt kuvvet testi uygulandı. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi SPSS 15.0 programında yapıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmada öncelikle parmak uzunluklarına göre östrojenin veya tes- tosteronun baskın olması açısından farklılık incelendi. Tüm sporcularda (n=30) sağ el parmak oranı (0,97 ± 0,04), sol el parmak oranı (0,96 ± 0,03) ve her iki elin parmak ortalaması (0,97 ± 0,03) olarak 1'in altında (testosteron hormonu baskın) bulundu. Master atletlerde fizyolojik ölçümlerle her iki eldeki parmak oranları karşılaştırıldı ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir sonuç elde edilemedi. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada katılan tüm atletlerin el parmak oranlarının düşük bulunması, atletlerde parmak oranları açısından testosteron baskınlığı olduğunu ortaya koydu. An- cak master atletlerin fiziksel performans düzeyleri ile el parmak oranları arasında anlamlı ilişki olmaması, bu yaş grubunda testosteron baskınlığının fiziksel performansı direkt olarak etkilemediğini göstermiştir. Bu çalışmanın, ileriye dönük olarak, sporcu seçiminde var olan kriterlere yeni ve kolay bir ölçüm yöntemi olan parmak oranını katabileceği düşünülmektedir. SUMMARY Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the effects of digit ratio and physical performance levels of master athletes. Material and method: The datas were collected from 30 master athletes from the members of İzmir Master athletes clup (n=21 males and n=9 females). The finger ratios in both hands by a caliper and digit ratio calculated. Heights and weights of athletes were measured and body fat ratio was calculated. When the index finger is longer than the ring finger, the group determined estrogen dominant digit ratio, when the ring finger is longer than the index finger, the group determined testosteron dominant digit ratio. The tests of physical performance, maximal using of oxygene (Max VO2), flexibility test, vertical jump test, hand-grip test and back-grip test were performed. The datas were evaluated statistically by SPSS 15.0 program. Results: In this study it was investigated that differences according to the estrogen or testosterone has been dominant on digit length, firstly. In all athletes (n=30), it was found the digit ratio under the level of 1 of the right hand (0.97 ± 0.04), left hand (0.96 ± 0.03) and the average both of hands (0.97 ± 0.03). Physiological measurements in the master athletes were compared with the fingers of both hands. and the results did not indicate the significant differences. Conclusion: In all athletes participating in this study were found lower rates of fingers, in terms of finger ratios, testosterone in athletes showed that dominance. However, ıt was no relation between physical performance level and finger ratio of master- athletes, testosterone dominance in this age group have not shown directly affect physical performance.We believe this study will contribute to the future studies as it introduces the digit ratio, which is a new and simple method of measurement

FREQUENCY RATIO ASSESSMENT FOR LANDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY 6 FEBRUARY 2023 KAHRAMANMARAS TURKIYE EARTHQUAKES BETWEEN GOLBASI AND ERKENEK

Landslides triggered by earthquakes are significant geological hazards that can have devastating consequences, posing risks to human lives, infrastructure, and the environment. These seismic events may cause the instability of slopes and result in the displacement of soil and rock materials, leading to landslides. It is crucial to understand the characteristics and mechanisms of earthquake-triggered landslides in order to effectively manage and mitigate their associated risks. The number of landslides triggered by the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes (with magnitudes of 7.7 and 7.6) was over three thousand and their destructive effects were also devastating as secondary hazards. This study aims to examine the characteristics of landslides using the frequency ratio (FR) model. A landslide susceptibility map (LSM) was also produced using the output. For this purpose, in this study, we derived landslides triggered by the earthquakes in a part of the earthquake-affected region, between Golbasi town of Adiyaman and Erkenek village of Malatya covering an area with a size of 625 km2. The study utilized a landslide inventory that was manually delineated by visual interpretation based on pre-event and post-event. These associations can serve as a foundation for the application of various data-driven machine learning techniques. The findings of this study will contribute to the development of accurate LSMs, providing crucial insights into the behavior of earthquake-triggered landslides