Изучение консорций жесткокрылых и трутовых грибов

Рассматриваются результаты изучения взаимосвязи между трутовыми грибами и популяциями жуков. В западной части Венгрии с апреля по декабрь 2013 г. собрано 94 экземпляра трутовых грибов, которые относятся к 22 видам. Самыми распространенными видами являются трутовик настоящий Fomes fomentarius (56 экз.) и окаймленный трутовик Fomitopsis marginata (8 экз.). Среди хвойных пород наиболее уязвимым видом оказалась ель обыкновенная Picea abies , поврежденная 8 видами трутовых грибов. Обнаружено 35 видов жуко

Comparative study of the Fomes fomentarius and Trametes gibbosa beetle communities in Hidegvíz Valley, Sopron Mts., Hungary

The forest, which is exposed to fewer anthropogenic impacts, has a rich and complex community. In Hungary, the quantity of dead wood has an ever-increasing significance in the forests. The decomposition of wood starts with the xylophagous insects, followed by the appearance tinder fungus, which transforms the wood into a form suitable for decomposers. Fungus beetles decompose most of the fungus. Therefore, besides consumer organizations, demolition organizations also play an essential role in building the forest ecosystem. In Central Europe, we have a little information about the beetle communities of tinder fungi. During our research, we investigated the beetle communities of Fomes fomentarius and Trametes gibbosa, which were collected from the Sopron-mountains in West Hungary. In F. fomentarius, the most common beetle species that we found was Bolitophagus reticulatus with about 100 individuals in four fruiting bodies, while in T. gibbosa, Cis boleti had the largest number of individuals with more than 5300 in four specimens. The beetle communities in the two tinder fungi were different, the difference probably caused by the structure and the nutritional value of the fungi

Phase-field modeling of vapor bubble growth in a microchannel

Anumerical model based on Cahn–Hilliard phase-field method is introduced for thefirst time in the literature to investigate the hydrodynamics and heat transfercharacteristics of a vaporized elongated bubble in a rectangular microchannel. In thesimulations, the initially nucleated bubble starts growing as it comes in contact withsuperheated water. The effects of the water inlet velocity and the bubble contact angleon the temporal evolution of the average heat transfer coefficient are also reported.Both qualitative and quantitative comparisons indicated that the numerically obtainedbubble shape and the growth rate are in very good agreement with the experimentalresults available in the literature

On centralizer algebras for spin representations

We give a presentation of the centralizer algebras for tensor products of spinor representations of quantum groups via generators and relations. In the even-dimensional case, this can be described in terms of non-standard q-deformations of orthogonal Lie algebras; in the odd-dimensional case only a certain subalgebra will appear. In the classical case q = 1 the relations boil down to Lie algebra relations

Selective hydroconversion of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone or 2 methyltetrahydrofuran over silica-supported cobalt catalyst

Solvent-free hydroconversion of levulinic acid (LA) was studied over Co/silica catalysts applying flow-through fixed-bed microreactor. Consecutive hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis and dehydration reactions proceeded over the catalyst having Co0 metal and CoOx Lewis acid active sites. As a first step, LA was dehydrated to form angelica lactone (AL) intermediate. Because dehydration of LA is a facile reaction, the selectivity was controlled by the hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis activity of the catalyst. At 200 °C and 30 bar total pressure in the steady state, the catalyst could only saturate the double bond of AL ring. Thus, γ-valerolactone (GVL) was obtained with 98 mol% yield at full LA conversion. However, at temperature 225 °C the hydrogenation activity was high enough to cleave the GVL ring and obtain 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) with a stable yield of about 70 mol %. FT-IR spectroscopic examination of the adsorbed LA showed the formation of H-bound LA and also surface carboxylate. 4-Hydroxy-3-pentenoate and 4-hydroxypentanoate were substantiated as surface intermediates of lactone formation by dehydration

Training needs analysis for the Turkish ship dismantling industry

Nearly 2000 workers are being directly employed by Turkish ship dismantling yards which are located in Aliaga, Izmir. The method of dismantling vessels in all dismantling facilities is essentially the same; with the ship landed ashore under its own power, stripped of equipment and materials, and systematically dismantled. The Ship Dismantling industry is very important and profitable to the Turkish economy and nearly one million light displacement tones (LDT) dismantled by the end of 2012. Ship dismantling industry needs skilled workers and safety related issues are very crucial because of the nature of work. There are several hazards for ship dismantling yard workers in case of lack of education and training. Thus, training is one of the most important risk reducing solutions. In this study, a training needs analysis has been carried out for SD employees by considering questionnaire results. Training needs analysis aims to create a ‘snapshot’ of the Turkish Ship Dismantling employees by capturing the various states of education, competences and capabilities from the lowest grade of worker through to the management level. By analyzing the gathered information the various gaps in awareness, knowledge and procedures found within the Turkish Ship Dismantling industry have been identified and will be utilized in the development and execution of the proposed VET

High potential for weathering and climate effects of non-vascular vegetation in the Late Ordovician

It has been hypothesized that predecessors of today’s bryophytes significantly increased global chemical weathering in the Late Ordovician, thus reducing atmospheric CO2 concentration and contributing to climate cooling and an interval of glaciations. Studies that try to quantify the enhancement of weathering by non-vascular vegetation, however, are usually limited to small areas and low numbers of species, which hampers extrapolating to the global scale and to past climatic conditions. Here we present a spatially explicit modelling approach to simulate global weathering by non-vascular vegetation in the Late Ordovician. We estimate a potential global weathering flux of 2.8 (km3 rock) yr−1, defined here as volume of primary minerals affected by chemical transformation. This is around three times larger than today’s global chemical weathering flux. Moreover, we find that simulated weathering is highly sensitive to atmospheric CO2 concentration. This implies a strong negative feedback between weathering by non-vascular vegetation and Ordovician climate

Increased Regional Epicardial Fat Volume Associated with Reversible Myocardial Ischemia in Patients with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease

Epicardial adipose tissue is a source of pro-inflammatory cytokines and has been linked to the development of coronary artery disease. No study has systematically assessed the relationship between local epicardial fat volume (EFV) and myocardial perfusion defects. We analyzed EFV in patients undergoing SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging combined with computed tomography (CT) for attenuation correction. Low-dose CT without contrast was performed in 396 consecutive patients undergoing SPECT imaging for evaluation of coronary artery disease. Regional thickness, cross-sectional areas, and total EFV were assessed. 295 patients had normal myocardial perfusion scans and 101 had abnormal perfusion scans. Mean EFVs in normal, ischemic, and infarcted hearts were 99.8 ± 82.3 cm3, 156.4 ± 121.9 cm3, and 96.3 ± 102.1 cm3, respectively (P < 0.001). Reversible perfusion defects were associated with increased local EFV compared to normal perfusion in the distribution of the right (69.2 ± 51.5 vs 46.6 ± 32.0 cm3; P = 0.03) and left anterior descending coronary artery (87.1 ± 76.4 vs 46.7 ± 40.6 cm3; P = 0.005). Our results demonstrate increased regional epicardial fat in patients with active myocardial ischemia compared to patients with myocardial scar or normal perfusion on nuclear perfusion scans. Our results suggest a potential role for cardiac CT to improve risk stratification in patients with suspected coronary artery disease