Chromosome Study of Arisaema of Taiwan

The chromosome number of most Arisaema plants was reported as 2n=28. Since species of Arisaema vary greatly in morphological features, comparative studies of anatomical, cytological, and other characteristics among the populations are required for more realistic taxonomic revision of this group. Two Taiwan species of Arisaema, A. formosana Hay. and A. consanguineum Schott, have been studied by the writer. Their chromosome numbers, obtained in mitosis, were 28 and 14 respectively

Size Effect on Micro-Droplet Movement due to Marangoni Effect

ABSTRACT Fundamental physics are studied on the movement of droplets for sizes ranging from 0.1 µl to 1.0 µl on a solid surface subjected to temperature gradients using numerical computations and the comparison with experiments. The receding/advancing contact angles relating to the droplet size and shape are the key parameters of droplet moving and the differences subjected to the temperature gradients induce unbalanced recirculation zones inside the moving droplet, thus induces driving force to drag the droplet. It is found that droplet of smaller size moves faster with smoothly changing speed and the droplet of larger size moves with fluctuating speed and the average moving speed is roughly the same magnitude as that with two-dimensional heating. INTRODUCTION As the liquid droplet in microscale size, surface tension is the major driving force to pump the droplet in motion without any moving parts in a device. For example, Burns et a

Tropical limestone forest resilience during MIS-2: implications for Pleistocene foraging & modern conservation

In this paper we present a multi-proxy study of tropical limestone forest and its utilization by human groups during the major climatic and environmental upheavals of MIS-2 (29-11.7 ka BP). Our data are drawn from new field research within the Tràng An World Heritage property, on the edge of the Red River Delta, northern Vietnam. Key findings from this study include 1) that limestone forest formations were resilient to the large-scale landscape transformation and inundation of the Sunda continent at the end of the last glaciation; 2) that prehistoric human groups were probably present in this habitat through-out MIS-2; and 3) that the forested, almost insular, karst of Tràng An provided foragers with a stable resource-base in a wider changing landscape. These results have implications for our understanding of the prehistoric utilization of karst environments and resonance for conservation efforts in the face of climate and environmental change today

Molecular Changes in Opioid Addiction: The Role of Adenylyl Cyclase and cAMP/PKA System

For centuries, opiate analgesics have had a considerable presence in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. While effective in providing analgesia, opiates are notorious in exerting many undesirable adverse reactions. The receptor targets and the intracellular effectors of opioids have largely been identified. Furthermore, much of the mechanisms underlying the development of tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal have been delineated. Thus, there is a focus on developing novel compounds or strategies in mitigating or avoiding the development of tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal. This review focuses on the adenylyl cyclase and cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (AC/cAMP/PKA) system as the central player in mediating the acute and chronic effects of opioids. This chapter also reviews the neuronal adaptive changes in the locus coeruleus, amygdala, periaqueductal gray, and ventral tegmental area induced by acute and chronic actions of opioid because these neuronal adaptive changes in these regions may underlie the behavioral changes observed in opiate users and abusers

Two New Species of Daphniphyllum

Volume: 53Start Page: 28End Page: 3

Daphniphyllaceae

A monogeneric family, possibly closest related to Hamamelidales or even belonging to that order. The only genus, Daphniphyllum, has 16 species in Malesia. The general part of the treatment covers 6 pages and includes paragraphs on vegetative anatomy by P. Baas, on pollen morphology by R.W.J.M. van der Ham, and on photochemistry and chemotaxonomy by R. Hegnauer. The genus and its Malesian species are described and annotated; a key to the species is included. The illustration contains a distribution map of the genus and its two sections, two photographs, and five (±) full-page line drawings

Notes on taxonomy and pollen of Malesian Daphniphyllum (Daphniphyllaceae)

This paper is a precursor to the revision of the family Daphniphyllaceae in Flora Malesiana, in which 16 species of the genus Daphniphyllum will be treated. In the present paper a description is given of one new variety, D. gracile Gage var. newirelandum, and five new combinations have been made, D. ceramense, D. dichotomum, D. papuanum Hallier f. var. tuberculatum, D. sumatraense, and D. timorianum. An enumeration of the 16 species as will be treated in Flora Malesiana is given here; the numbering of the new variety and the five new combinations in the present paper is the same as will be used in Flora Malesiana. A key to sections, subsections and series is given. Pollen features, a distribution map of the two sections, and a line drawing of the new variety are provided

Nomenclatural Proposal

A new name, Elaeagnus ohashii T.-C.Huang, nom. nov. is proposed to replace the later homonym of E. formosensis Hatusima in this paper