Crónica de las transformaciones del patrimonio local. El caso de Minas del Prado, comuna de Coihueco

Las políticas macroeconómicas de desarrollo han dado un nuevo impulso a la producción agrícola y forestal de Latinoamérica, particularmente en Chile. Esto se manifiesta en los crecientes índices de inversión que tienen estos rubros, su participación en la economía de la región, y en particular, la utilización del suelo. Sin embargo, las políticas macroeconómicas se separan en gran medida de las necesidades locales, y por esto, de suhistoria y ritmos cotidianos. Esto genera transformaciones, distorsiones o pérdidas de patrimonio cultural que conduce a una crisis identitaria continuada para el caso de Minasdel Prado, localidad cordillerana ubicada en la comuna de Coihueco, provincia de Ñuble, VIII Región, Chile. A través del análisis de bases de datos nacionales y entrevistas estructuradas a la comunidad, se establece que este proceso de reubicación y trasformaciones productivas diluye las manifestaciones propias de la localidad. Estos elementos se manifiestan en: 1.- Visión y práctica religiosa tradicional, propia de Minas del Prado, en el marco del rito a una figura de madera llamada Cristo sentado o Cristo Pobre; 2.- La  antigua y reconocida extracción de oro y procesos de orfebrería; 3.- La elaboración de lanas y tejidos, particularmente mantas, identificadas por poca gente en la región como Mantas Mineras. La investigación pretende poner en valor dichos elementos culturales, y establecer de forma tentativa la presencia, y de qué modo, las mencionadas trasformaciones afectan la memoria local, que es parte, a la vez, del vasto y variado imaginario regional del Biobío

Ajustes de las estrategias productivas en el marco de la modernidad: los pescadores artesanales y la instalación de la planta de celulosa CELCO, Nueva Aldea, Provincia de Ñuble

Desde fines de la década del ´70 Chile asume una dirección continuada de desarrollo siguiendo macro estándares que dan como resultado el llamado  milagro de la economía chilena. Dentro de esos lineamientos se encuentran, entre otros, el crecimiento sostenido de la silvicultura, y la construcción de complejos de procesamiento de los productos forestales, que decantan en intervenciones ambientales, y que en muchas de las veces, setraducen en altos costos para el hábitat animal, vegetal e inclusive, cultural. En el caso de Perales, Dichato y Cobquecura, localidades del borde costero de la región del Biobío, que estando fuera del radio de impacto directo  del Centro de Procesamiento de Celulosa Nueva Aldea (complejo implementado en medio de fuertes polémicas en el valledel río Itata hace pocos meses) enfrentan hoy el debate quesignifica la instalación de un ducto que evacua hacia el mar los desechos del procesamiento industrial, con el peligro latente de la contaminación de su fuente de alimentos y sostenimiento. La intención de la investigación es  evidenciar los efectos de la planificación centralizada que provoca una modernidad sin modernización. Esta serie de eventos es esperada con incertidumbre, como lo revelanlas entrevistas realizadas durante el 2006 a las comunidades y específicamente a mujeres; se pronostica desde impactos de salud hasta migración, incluso con abandono de la actividad pesquera, gracias a otros vectores que se demostrarán en el curso de la investigación

Effect of diphenylalanine on model phospholipid membrane organization

The influence of peptides over the thermodynamic and mechanic stability of lipid membranes is studied. To this end, diphenylalanine and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine are selected as model systems for peptide and lipid bilayers, respectively. Vesicles at different peptide-lipid ratios were prepared and characterized using different experimental methodologies. Densitometry and differential scanning calorimetry were used to determine the influence of the peptide over the melting transition properties (temperature, volume and enthalpy) for bulk multilamellar vesicles, whereas viscoelastic and nanomechanical properties of supported vesicle layers and supported lipid bilayers were studied using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The influence of the sample preparation methodology -solvents for obtaining the lipid films and hydration media- is also characterized. The analysis of the experimental data reveals that diphenylalanine affects the lipid membrane, decreasing lipid molecular cooperativity in a concentration-dependent manner and inducing an overall weakening of membrane organization.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2020-115722GB-C22Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique – FNRS (Francia) | Ref. 40003040Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique – FNRS (Francia) | Ref. 40008129Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Entre la decolonización y el capital humano. reflexiones en torno al rol esperado del docente en el Chile post transición

The relationship between socioeconomic mobility and school levels has been thematized since the generalization of modern institutionalized education systems. The demand for Chilean quality education is associated with exitism and the formation of Human Capital, crashing with mismatches between public policies, the crisis of legitimization of public education, and the Latin American epistemic advance that influences the pedagogical exercise through critical pedagogy or decolonization as a new way of organizing / re-creating knowledge. Thus, the teacher is required from two dichotomous currents, which makes him a vortex with unusual edges. This article of reflection seeks to expose some aspects of these contradictions, addressing the theory of Human Capital in education and the decolonization of pedagogy, in relation to the expected role of teachers in Chile.La relación entre movilidad socioeconómica y niveles escolares se ha tematizado desde la generalización de los sistemas institucionalizados modernos de educación. La exigencia de educación de calidad chilena está asociada al exitismo y a la formación de Capital Humano, estrellándose con desajustes entre políticas públicas, la crisis de legitimación de la educación pública, y el avance epistémico latinoamericano que influye el ejercicio pedagógico a través de la pedagogía crítica o la descolonización como nueva forma de organizar/re-crear conocimiento. Es así que el docente es requerido desde dos corrientes dicotómicas, lo que le convierte en un vórtice con inusitadas aristas. El presente artículo de reflexión busca exponer algunos aspectos de dichas contradicciones, abordando la teoría de Capital Humano en educación y de la decolonización de la pedagogía, en relación al rol esperado del profesorado en Chile

Entre la decolonización y el capital humano. reflexiones en torno al rol esperado del docente en el Chile post transición

The relationship between socioeconomic mobility and school levels has been thematized since the generalization of modern institutionalized education systems. The demand for Chilean quality education is associated with exitism and the formation of Human Capital, crashing with mismatches between public policies, the crisis of legitimization of public education, and the Latin American epistemic advance that influences the pedagogical exercise through critical pedagogy or decolonization as a new way of organizing / re-creating knowledge. Thus, the teacher is required from two dichotomous currents, which makes him a vortex with unusual edges. This article of reflection seeks to expose some aspects of these contradictions, addressing the theory of Human Capital in education and the decolonization of pedagogy, in relation to the expected role of teachers in Chile.La relación entre movilidad socioeconómica y niveles escolares se ha tematizado desde la generalización de los sistemas institucionalizados modernos de educación. La exigencia de educación de calidad chilena está asociada al exitismo y a la formación de Capital Humano, estrellándose con desajustes entre políticas públicas, la crisis de legitimación de la educación pública, y el avance epistémico latinoamericano que influye el ejercicio pedagógico a través de la pedagogía crítica o la descolonización como nueva forma de organizar/re-crear conocimiento. Es así que el docente es requerido desde dos corrientes dicotómicas, lo que le convierte en un vórtice con inusitadas aristas. El presente artículo de reflexión busca exponer algunos aspectos de dichas contradicciones, abordando la teoría de Capital Humano en educación y de la decolonización de la pedagogía, en relación al rol esperado del profesorado en Chile

Incidencia de las políticas económicas y agrarias en la evolución de los cultivos anuales de la VII región del Maule : periodo 1970-1994

Resumen (Spanish, English)210 p.Se realizó un análisis de la incidencia de las políticas económicas y agrarias en la evolución de catorce cultivos anuales, enfocándose principalmente en la VII Región del Maule en un período de veinte y cuatro años. El análisis se hizo en base a una recopilación de información secundaria de todo el período a estudiar, con lo cual se obtuvo la estadística de superficie, producción y rendimiento y, a la vez permitió conocer las diferentes políticas económicas y agrarias aplicadas para cada rubro. Esta información recopilada, permitió hacer un análisis comparativo entre las políticas aplicadas y la evolución presentada por cada uno de los rubros. Para presentar resultados más significativos, los cultivos se dividieron en tres grupos: cereales, industriales y leguminosas-chacarería. Se observó que hay políticas que influyeron positivamente en la evolución de algunos cultivos; sin embargo, otros se vieron momentáneamente perjudicados por no contar con políticas específicas que los fomentaran. La tendencia de los tres indicadores (superficie, producción y rendimiento), presentada por la mayoría de los cultivos analizados es decreciente, sólo remolacha y tabaco presentan una situación inversa; ya que contaron con instrumentos que incentivaron su producción

Safety and immunogenicity of the protein-based PHH-1V compared to BNT162b2 as a heterologous SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccine in adults vaccinated against COVID-19 : a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority phase IIb trial

A SARS-CoV-2 protein-based heterodimer vaccine, PHH-1V, has been shown to be safe and well-tolerated in healthy young adults in a first-in-human, Phase I/IIa study dose-escalation trial. Here, we report the interim results of the Phase IIb HH-2, where the immunogenicity and safety of a heterologous booster with PHH-1V is assessed versus a homologous booster with BNT162b2 at 14, 28 and 98 days after vaccine administration. The HH-2 study is an ongoing multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, non-inferiority Phase IIb trial, where participants 18 years or older who had received two doses of BNT162b2 were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive a booster dose of vaccine-either heterologous (PHH-1V group) or homologous (BNT162b2 group)-in 10 centres in Spain. Eligible subjects were allocated to treatment stratified by age group (18-64 versus ≥65 years) with approximately 10% of the sample enrolled in the older age group. The primary endpoints were humoral immunogenicity measured by changes in levels of neutralizing antibodies (PBNA) against the ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 strain after the PHH-1V or the BNT162b2 boost, and the safety and tolerability of PHH-1V as a boost. The secondary endpoints were to compare changes in levels of neutralizing antibodies against different variants of SARS-CoV-2 and the T-cell responses towards the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein peptides. The exploratory endpoint was to assess the number of subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infections ≥14 days after PHH-1V booster. This study is ongoing and is registered with , . From 15 November 2021, 782 adults were randomly assigned to PHH-1V (n = 522) or BNT162b2 (n = 260) boost vaccine groups. The geometric mean titre (GMT) ratio of neutralizing antibodies on days 14, 28 and 98, shown as BNT162b2 active control versus PHH-1V, was, respectively, 1.68 (p < 0.0001), 1.31 (p = 0.0007) and 0.86 (p = 0.40) for the ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 strain; 0.62 (p < 0.0001), 0.65 (p < 0.0001) and 0.56 (p = 0.003) for the Beta variant; 1.01 (p = 0.92), 0.88 (p = 0.11) and 0.52 (p = 0.0003) for the Delta variant; and 0.59 (p ≤ 0.0001), 0.66 (p < 0.0001) and 0.57 (p = 0.0028) for the Omicron BA.1 variant. Additionally, PHH-1V as a booster dose induced a significant increase of CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells expressing IFN-γ on day 14. There were 458 participants who experienced at least one adverse event (89.3%) in the PHH-1V and 238 (94.4%) in the BNT162b2 group. The most frequent adverse events were injection site pain (79.7% and 89.3%), fatigue (27.5% and 42.1%) and headache (31.2 and 40.1%) for the PHH-1V and the BNT162b2 groups, respectively. A total of 52 COVID-19 cases occurred from day 14 post-vaccination (10.14%) for the PHH-1V group and 30 (11.90%) for the BNT162b2 group (p = 0.45), and none of the subjects developed severe COVID-19. Our interim results from the Phase IIb HH-2 trial show that PHH-1V as a heterologous booster vaccine, when compared to BNT162b2, although it does not reach a non-inferior neutralizing antibody response against the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain at days 14 and 28 after vaccination, it does so at day 98. PHH-1V as a heterologous booster elicits a superior neutralizing antibody response against the previous circulating Beta and the currently circulating Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variants in all time points assessed, and for the Delta variant on day 98 as well. Moreover, the PHH-1V boost also induces a strong and balanced T-cell response. Concerning the safety profile, subjects in the PHH-1V group report significantly fewer adverse events than those in the BNT162b2 group, most of mild intensity, and both vaccine groups present comparable COVID-19 breakthrough cases, none of them severe. HIPRA SCIENTIFIC, S.L.U

Atlas de las praderas marinas de España

Knowledge of the distribution and extent of seagrass habitats is currently the basis of management and conservation policies of the coastal zones in most European countries. This basic information is being requested through European directives for the establishment of monitoring programmes and the implementation of specific actions to preserve the marine environment. In addition, this information is crucial for the quantification of the ecological importance usually attributed to seagrass habitats due to, for instance, their involvement in biogeochemical cycles, marine biodiversity and quality of coastal waters or global carbon budgets. The seagrass atlas of Spain represents a huge collective effort performed by 84 authors across 30 Spanish institutions largely involved in the scientific research, management and conservation of seagrass habitats during the last three decades. They have contributed to the availability of the most precise and realistic seagrass maps for each region of the Spanish coast which have been integrated in a GIS to obtain the distribution and area of each seagrass species. Most of this information has independently originated at a regional level by regional governments, universities and public research organisations, which explain the elevated heterogeneity in criteria, scales, methods and objectives of the available information. On this basis, seagrass habitats in Spain occupy a total surface of 1,541,63 km2, 89% of which is concentrated in the Mediterranean regions; the rest is present in sheltered estuarine areas of the Atlantic peninsular regions and in the open coastal waters of the Canary Islands, which represents 50% of the Atlantic meadows. Of this surface, 71.5% corresponds to Posidonia oceanica, 19.5% to Cymodocea nodosa, 3.1% to Zostera noltii (=Nanozostera noltii), 0.3% to Zostera marina and 1.2% to Halophila decipiens. Species distribution maps are presented (including Ruppia spp.), together with maps of the main impacts and pressures that has affected or threatened their conservation status, as well as the management tools established for their protection and conservation. Despite this considerable effort, and the fact that Spain has mapped wide shelf areas, the information available is still incomplete and with weak precision in many regions, which will require an investment of major effort in the near future to complete the whole picture and respond to demands of EU directives

Atlas de las praderas marinas de España

Knowledge of the distribution and extent of seagrass habitats is currently the basis of management and conservation policies of the coastal zones in most European countries. This basic information is being requested through European directives for the establishment of monitoring programmes and the implementation of specific actions to preserve the marine environment. In addition, this information is crucial for the quantification of the ecological importance usually attributed to seagrass habitats due to, for instance, their involvement in biogeochemical cycles, marine biodiversity and quality of coastal waters or global carbon budgets. The seagrass atlas of Spain represents a huge collective effort performed by 84 authors across 30 Spanish institutions largely involved in the scientific research, management and conservation of seagrass habitats during the last three decades. They have contributed to the availability of the most precise and realistic seagrass maps for each region of the Spanish coast which have been integrated in a GIS to obtain the distribution and area of each seagrass species. Most of this information has independently originated at a regional level by regional governments, universities and public research organisations, which explain the elevated heterogeneity in criteria, scales, methods and objectives of the available information. On this basis, seagrass habitats in Spain occupy a total surface of 1,541,63 km2, 89% of which is concentrated in the Mediterranean regions; the rest is present in sheltered estuarine areas of the Atlantic peninsular regions and in the open coastal waters of the Canary Islands, which represents 50% of the Atlantic meadows. Of this surface, 71.5% corresponds to Posidonia oceanica, 19.5% to Cymodocea nodosa, 3.1% to Zostera noltii (=Nanozostera noltii), 0.3% to Zostera marina and 1.2% to Halophila decipiens. Species distribution maps are presented (including Ruppia spp.), together with maps of the main impacts and pressures that has affected or threatened their conservation status, as well as the management tools established for their protection and conservation. Despite this considerable effort, and the fact that Spain has mapped wide shelf areas, the information available is still incomplete and with weak precision in many regions, which will require an investment of major effort in the near future to complete the whole picture and respond to demands of EU directives.Versión del edito

The critical behavior of the dielectric constant in the polar + polar binary liquid mixture nitromethane + 3-pentanol: an unusual sign of its critical amplitude in the one-phase region

Dielectric constant measurements have been carried out in the one and two-phase regions near the critical point for the polar + polar binary liquid mixture nitromethane + 3-pentanol. In the two-phase region, evidence for the 2tßsingularity in the coexistence-curve diameter has been detected, thus confirming the novel predictions of complete scaling theory for liquid-liquid criticality. In the one-phase region, an “unusual” positive sign for the amplitude of the 1ta- singularity has been encountered for the first time in a binary liquid mixture at atmospheric pressure. Mass density measurements have also been carried out to provide additional information related to such experimental finding, which entails an increase of the critical temperature Tc under an electric field.status: publishe