The responsibility of C-terminal domain in the thermolabile haemolysin activity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and inhibition treatments by Phellinus sp. extracts

The thermolabile haemolysin (tlh) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vptlh) from V. parahaemolyticus is a multiple-function enzyme, initially describes as a haemolytic factor activated by lecithin and phospholipase A2 enzymatic activity (Shinoda, 1991; Vazquez-Morado, 2021; Yanagase et al., 1970). Until now, the tlh structure has hypothesized including N-terminal and C-terminal domain, but what domain of the Vptlh structure does the haemolytic activity has not been refined yet. In this study, a 450-bp VpTLH nucleotide sequence of the entire Vptlh gene encoded the C-terminal domain cloned firstly to examine its responsibility in the activity of the Vptlh. The C-terminal domain fused with a 6-His-tag named the His-tag-VpC-terminal domain was expressed successfully in soluble form in the BL21 (DE3) PlysS cell. Remarkably, both expression and purification results confirmed a high agreement in the molecular weight of the His-tag-VpC-terminal domain was 47 kDa. This work showed the His-tag-VpC-terminal domain lysed the erythrocyte membranes in the blood agar and the phosphate buffered saline (0.9%) media without adding the lecithin substrate of the phospholipase enzyme. Haemolysis occurred at all tested diluted concentrations of His-tag-VpC-terminal domain (p < 0.05), providing evidence for the independent haemolytic activity of the His-tag-VpC-terminal domain. The content of 100 μg of the His-tag-VpC-terminal domain brought the highest haemolytic activity of 80% compared to that in the three remaining contents. Significantly, the His-tag-VpC-terminal domain demonstrated not to involve the phospholipase activity in Luria-Bertani agar supplemented with 1% (vol/vol) egg yolk emulsion. All results proved the vital responsibility of the His-tag-VpC-terminal domain in causing the haemolytic activity without the required activation by the phospholipase enzyme. Raw extracts of Phellinus igniarus and Phellinus pipi at 10-1 mg/mL inhibited the haemolytic activity of the His-tag-VpC-terminal domain from 67.7% to 87.42%, respectively. Hence applying the His-tag-VpC-terminal domain as a simple biological material to evaluate quickly potential derivatives against the Vptlh in vivo conditions will accessible and more advantageous than using the whole of the Vptlh

Assessment of physical land suitability by GIS-based fuzzy AHP for rubber plantation at the Nam Dong district, Thua Thien Hue province

This research was conducted to determine the main influences and physical factors of land suitability for rubber plantation in the Nam Dong district, Thua Thien Hue province. Six factors such as soil type, soil texture, soil thickness, slope, soil pH and soil organic matter content were considered. Results indicate that soil thickness is has the highest role on the land suitability analysis while soil pH has the lowest. The physical land suitability of rubber plantation was divided into 4 levels: very suitable (10.1%), suitable (15.5%), slightly suitable (3.6%), and currently not suitable (70,8%). This research provides important information for rubber cultivation in projected agricultural land use planning of the Nam Dong district.Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm xác định sự ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố tự nhiên đến sự thích nghi đất đai của loại hình sử dụng đất trồng cây cao su trên địa bàn huyện Nam Đông, tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế. Có 6 yếu tố được xem xét trong nghiên cứu này bao gồm: loại đất, thành phần cơ giới, tầng dày canh tác, độ dốc, độ chua và hàm lượng mùn trong đất. Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng tầng dày canh tác là yếu tố có ảnh hưởng lớn nhất đến việc sử dụng đất trồng cây cao su, trong khi đó độ chua là yếu tố có ảnh hưởng ít nhất. Sự thích nghi tự nhiên của loại hình sử dụng đất trồng cây cao su được chia thành 4 mức độ bao gồm rất thích nghi (10,1%), thích nghi (15,5%), tương đối thích nghi (3,6%) và hiện taị không thích nghi (70,8%). Nghiên cứu này cung cấp những thông tin cần thiết và hữu ích cho việc quy hoạch sử dụng đất trồng cây cao su trên địa bàn huyện Nam Đông

Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Trials of fluoxetine for recovery after stroke report conflicting results. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) trial aimed to show if daily oral fluoxetine for 6 months after stroke improves functional outcome in an ethnically diverse population. Methods AFFINITY was a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (four), and Vietnam (ten). Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke in the previous 2–15 days, brain imaging consistent with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and a persisting neurological deficit that produced a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or more. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm to once daily, oral fluoxetine 20 mg capsules or matching placebo for 6 months. Patients, carers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was functional status, measured by the mRS, at 6 months. The primary analysis was an ordinal logistic regression of the mRS at 6 months, adjusted for minimisation variables. Primary and safety analyses were done according to the patient's treatment allocation. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921. Findings Between Jan 11, 2013, and June 30, 2019, 1280 patients were recruited in Australia (n=532), New Zealand (n=42), and Vietnam (n=706), of whom 642 were randomly assigned to fluoxetine and 638 were randomly assigned to placebo. Mean duration of trial treatment was 167 days (SD 48·1). At 6 months, mRS data were available in 624 (97%) patients in the fluoxetine group and 632 (99%) in the placebo group. The distribution of mRS categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio 0·94, 95% CI 0·76–1·15; p=0·53). Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the fluoxetine group had more falls (20 [3%] vs seven [1%]; p=0·018), bone fractures (19 [3%] vs six [1%]; p=0·014), and epileptic seizures (ten [2%] vs two [<1%]; p=0·038) at 6 months. Interpretation Oral fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome and increased the risk of falls, bone fractures, and epileptic seizures. These results do not support the use of fluoxetine to improve functional outcome after stroke

Study on the status and effectiveness of coastal wetland utilization in Duy Xuyen district, Quang Nam province

This paper aims to assess the current status and effectiveness of coastal wetland utilization in Duy Xuyen district, Quang Nam province, and to propose solutions to improve land use and conserve the existing wetlands of the locality. Research results show that there are five types of wetlands in Duy Xuyen district: wetlands with tidal forests, streams, freshwater ponds, aquaculture ponds, and irrigated land. The wetland areas in Duy Xuyen district are mainly distributed in 3 communes: Duy Thanh, Duy Nghia and Duy Vinh and there is a noticeable decrease in the period from 2010 to 2016. The calculated results show that the total economic value of wetlands in the study area includes: direct use value is 41,276,949,000 VND/year (accounting for 99.61%), non-use value is 162,855,000 VND/year (accounting for 0.39 %). In which, the social and environmental economic values of wetland use types are totally different.Bài báo này nhằm mục đích đánh giá thực trạng và hiệu quả sử dụng đất ngập nước ven biển trên địa bàn huyện Duy Xuyên, tỉnh Quảng Nam, trên cơ sở đó đề xuất những giải pháp nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả sử dụng và bảo tồn diện tích đất ngập nước hiện có của địa phương. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, trên địa bàn huyện Duy Xuyên có 5 kiểu đất ngập nước: vùng đất ngập nước có rừng gian triều, sông suối, vùng nước ngọt, ao nuôi trồng thủy sản, đất được tưới tiêu. Diện tích đất ngập nước trên địa bàn huyện Duy Xuyên chủ yếu phân bố ở 3 xã: Duy Thành, Duy Nghĩa và Duy Vinh và có sự biến động giảm rõ rệt từ năm 2010 đến năm 2016. Kết quả điều tra cho thấy tổng giá trị kinh tế của đất ngập nước trên địa bàn nghiên cứu bao gồm: giá trị sử dụng trực tiếp (41,276,949,000 đồng/năm, chiếm 99.61%), giá trị phi sử dụng (chiếm 0.39% đạt 162,855,000 đồng/năm). Trong đó, hiệu quả xã hội và môi trường giữa các kiểu sử dụng đất ngập nước không đồng đều

Workshop Report. DeRISK SE Asia: Project results and experience sharing event in Vietnam

This report summarizes the experience sharing and lessons learned from the implementation of DeRISK SE Asia in Vietnam. The outcomes and legacy generated from the project continue in Vietnam through the CGIAR Initiative on Asian Mega Deltas particularly transitioning to Digital Climate Advisory and Bundled Services (DCAS+)

BIẾN ĐỘNG GIÁ ĐẤT ĐÔ THỊ TRONG GIAI ĐOẠN 2017–2020: TRƯỜNG HỢP NGHIÊN CỨU TẠI THÀNH PHỐ ĐÀ NẴNG

This study aimed at clarifying the situation of the urban land use rights market in Da Nang city in the period of 2017–2020, as well as assessed the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the real estate market in Da Nang city. The research results have shown that, , the price of residential land in urban areas increased continuously from 2017 to 2019 and decreased when appearing the Covid-19 epidemic in 2020. The average rate of increasing prices in the period of 2017 – 2018 and 2018 – 2019 corresponded with 80%/year, and 50%/year. Since the period of 2019–2020, land prices have decreased markedly with -11%/year on average. In comparison with 2017, land price in 2020 increases from 100 to 160%, equivalent to an average of 25–40%/year. The magnitude of land price has a significant relationship with the rate of increasing price during the study period. Land plots have smaller or equal to 16 million VND/m2 price which have ahigher rate of increasing price than those priced greater than 16 million VND/m2. When the land market increases strongly, and signs of a “bubble”, the State's credit policy, and the supervision of the local government on real estate brokerage and trading activities are effective solutions to control the market.Bài báo này đã phân tích được diễn biến của thị trường quyền sử dụng đất ở đô thị trong giai đoạn 2017–2020 cũng như đánh giá tác động của dịch Covid-19 đến thị trường bất động sản trên địa bàn thành phố Đà Nẵng. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã cho thấy, giá đất ở tại đô thị có xu hướng tăng liên tục từ năm 2017 đến năm 2019 và giảm xuống vào năm 2020 khi dịch Covid-19 xuất hiện. Tỷ lệ tăng giá bình quân của giai đoạn 2017–2018 và 2018–2019 tương ứng với  80%/ năm và 50%/ năm.Từ giai đoạn 2019–2020, giá đất giảm rõ rệt với mức giảm bình quân khoảng -11%. So với năm 2017, giá đất năm 2020 tăng từ 100–160%, tương đương từ 25%–40%/năm. Độ lớn của giá đất có mối liên hệ rõ ràng với tỷ lệ tăng giá bình quân trong giai đoạn nghiên cứu. Những thửa đất có mức giá  16 triệu đồng/m2 có tỷ lệ tăng giá cao hơn rõ rệt so với những thửa có giá &gt; 16 triệu đồng/m2. Khi thị trường tăng mạnh và có dấu hiệu “bong bóng”, chính sách tín dụng của Nhà nước, sự giám sát chặt chẽ các hoạt động môi giới, kinh doanh bất động sản của chính quyền địa phương là giải pháp kiểm soát thị trường hiệu quả

Smart adaptation to climate through adoption of agro-climatic services

The National Agricultural Extension Center organized a training course "Methods and skills for transferring technical advances to production organizations" on 23-28 November 2020 for 60 agricultural extension officers at provincial and district levels of five northern mountainous provinces and 9 Red River Delta provinces. One of the modules was on climate services for agriculture with ICRAF and CIAT served as resource speakers, introducing the concept of climate information and how it can be applied and support the crop planning and decision-making especially in the midst of climate variability. The training focused on solutions towards smart agriculture adapted to climate change (including effective use of climate information) in order to achieve the benefits of food security which includes reducing labor, inputs for production, creating new smart adaptation products to increase productivity, income, nutrition and product diversity. Adapting to damaging cold, hot winds, drought, heavy rains, saltwater intrusion, hurricanes, landslides, soil erosion and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, fertilizer use, methane emissions, reducing fossil fuels/ using renewable energy and minimizing soil erosion were also discussed during this event

ĐÁNH GIÁ THÍCH HỢP ĐẤT ĐAI ĐỐI VỚI LOẠI HÌNH SỬ DỤNG ĐẤT TRỒNG CAM TẠI HUYỆN NAM ĐÔNG, TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

Secondary data collected from relevant agencies in the study area and primary data from soil sampling and interviewing experts and professional staff were used in a multi-criteria assessment model using the Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process method. Based on overlapping 12 maps featuring the natural, economic and social factors, we identified 119 land units for orange cultivation. The results show that the natural factor is the most significant (with a weight of 0.674), followed by the economic factor (0.212) and the social factor (0.114). These findings indicate that improving soil quality is necessary to raise the land suitability for orange cultivation. Among land suitability for orange trees, 1,756.11 ha is considered to be suitable for S2 (12.25% of the total agricultural land); 2,714.62 ha is less suitable for S3 (19.80%), and 9,857.22 ha is unsuitable for N (68.85%). The Fuzzy-AHP is an effective method for multi-criteria land evaluation with the participation of various stakeholders.Các dữ liệu thứ cấp được thu thập ở các cơ quan liên quan kết hợp với việc lấy mẫu đất, phỏng vấn, thảo luận nhóm để đưa vào mô hình đánh giá đa tiêu chí Fuzzy AHP (analytical hierarchy process –– quá trình phân tích thứ bậc). Trên cơ sở chồng ghép 12 bản đồ đại diện cho ba yếu tố: tự nhiên, kinh tế và xã hội, chúng tôi xác định được 119 đơn vị đất đai trồng cam. Kết quả phân hạng thích hợp chỉ rõ yếu tố tự nhiên là quan trọng nhất (trọng số 0,674); tiếp đến là yếu tố kinh tế (trọng số 0,212) và yếu tố xã hội (trọng số 0,114). Như vậy, trong quá trình phát triển loại hình sử dụng đất trồng cam cần lưu ý đầu tư vào việc cải tạo đất để nâng cao khả năng thích hợp của đất đai. Trên địa bàn nghiên cứu có 1.756,11 ha diện tích ở mức thích hợp S2 (12,25% tổng diện tích đất nông nghiệp), 2.714,62 ha ở mức ít thích hợp S3 (18,90%) và 9.857,22 ha không thích hợp N (68,85%). Có thể áp dụng phương pháp Fuzzy AHP trong quá trình đánh giá đất đai đa tiêu chí với sự tham gia của các bên liên quan

Land Evaluation for Acacia (<i>Acacia mangium </i><i>× Acacia auriculiformis</i>) Plantations in the Mountainous Regions of Central Vietnam

In recent years, both scientists and local governments have been giving serious attention to land evaluation, especially in regard to the use of agricultural land. This is with the intention of increasing the sustainability of agricultural production. In Vietnam, acacia plantations play an important role in the livelihoods of farmers in mountainous regions. Therefore, identifying suitable areas for acacia plantations is an important consideration within mountainous areas. This research was conducted in Nam Dong district, Central Vietnam, using six physical soil criteria for land evaluation by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and also the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). The results have shown that the ranking of selected criteria in both methods was the same, but the weighting of each criterion was different. Among the six physical soil criteria, soil depth has the highest priority, followed by slope, soil organic carbon content, soil texture, soil pH, and soil type. The suitability maps for acacia plantations within the area studied have shown that 9344 ha were not suitable, and 99 ha had low suitability for acacia plantation by both methods. For the AHP approach, 928 hectares were in the range of moderate suitability, and 3080 hectares were in the high suitability class. In contrast, the FAHP method determined 905 hectares to be of the moderate suitability class and 3102 hectares to be of the high suitability class. Based on the observed acacia’s productivity and the scores of the two methods, it shows that the FAHP has a stronger correlation than the of AHP. Within the six selected criteria, the FAHP method can increase the accuracy of land evaluation results by 4.62% in comparison to the original AHP method. Therefore, the FAHP is the most suitable method for land evaluation, especially for agricultural land planning. Further studies should be integrated into more social and economic criteria for comprehensive land evaluation scenarios

Land Evaluation for Acacia (Acacia mangium &times; Acacia auriculiformis) Plantations in the Mountainous Regions of Central Vietnam

In recent years, both scientists and local governments have been giving serious attention to land evaluation, especially in regard to the use of agricultural land. This is with the intention of increasing the sustainability of agricultural production. In Vietnam, acacia plantations play an important role in the livelihoods of farmers in mountainous regions. Therefore, identifying suitable areas for acacia plantations is an important consideration within mountainous areas. This research was conducted in Nam Dong district, Central Vietnam, using six physical soil criteria for land evaluation by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and also the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). The results have shown that the ranking of selected criteria in both methods was the same, but the weighting of each criterion was different. Among the six physical soil criteria, soil depth has the highest priority, followed by slope, soil organic carbon content, soil texture, soil pH, and soil type. The suitability maps for acacia plantations within the area studied have shown that 9344 ha were not suitable, and 99 ha had low suitability for acacia plantation by both methods. For the AHP approach, 928 hectares were in the range of moderate suitability, and 3080 hectares were in the high suitability class. In contrast, the FAHP method determined 905 hectares to be of the moderate suitability class and 3102 hectares to be of the high suitability class. Based on the observed acacia&rsquo;s productivity and the scores of the two methods, it shows that the FAHP has a stronger correlation than the of AHP. Within the six selected criteria, the FAHP method can increase the accuracy of land evaluation results by 4.62% in comparison to the original AHP method. Therefore, the FAHP is the most suitable method for land evaluation, especially for agricultural land planning. Further studies should be integrated into more social and economic criteria for comprehensive land evaluation scenarios