An Essay on the Ancient Ideal of ‘Enraonar’

‘Reasoning’ can be considered a general concept that, upon speaking, is the ‘enraonar’, a Catalan word that should not be mistaken with ‘explain’ nor with ‘discuss’ which imply more detail, and cover different situations. This article is presented as an essay on the ancient ideal of ‘enraonar’. To that end, it is explained in what sense ‘enraonar’ and reason are one of the most complex phenomena thought has to deal with. Here it is argued that these natural phenomena require a systematic and ‘scientific’ study, and that withoutthis knowledge computer science cannot simulate people’s every-day ‘enraonar’

On the Coherence Between Probability and Possibility Measures

* This paper is supported by CICYT (Spain) under Project TIN 2005-08943-C02-01.The purpose of this paper is to study possibility and probability measures in continuous universes, taking different line to the one proposed and dealt with by other authors. We study the coherence between the probability measure and the possibility measure determined by a function that is both a possibility density and distribution function. For this purpose, we first examine functions that satisfy this condition and then we anlyze the coherence in some notable probability distributions cases

On the threshold of bounded pseudo-distances

This paper deals with the relationship between bounded pseudo-distances and its associated W'-indistinguishabilities, from which the idea of threshold of transitivity comes. By the way, bounded pseudo-distances are characterizedPeer Reviewe

On the Inferential Zigzag and Its Activation Towards Clarifying What It Is Commonsense Reasoning

This paper has a twofold goal: The first is to study how the inferential zigzag can be activated, even computationally, trying to analyse what kind of reasoning consists of, where its ’mechanism’ is rooted, how it can be activated since without all this it can just seem a metaphysical idea. The second, not so deeply different - as it can be presumed at a first view - but complementary, is to explore the subject’s link with the old thought on conjectures of the 15th Century Theologist and Philosopher Nicolaus Cusanus who was the first thinker consciously and extensively using conjectures

Aggregation, non-contradiction ans excluded-middle

This paper investigates the satisfaction of the Non-Contradiction (NC) and Excluded-Middle (EM) laws within the domain of aggregation operators. It provides characterizations both for those aggregation operators that satisfy NC/EM with respect to (w.r.t.) some given strong negation, as well as for those satisfying them w.r.t. any strong negation. The results obtained are applied to some of the most important known classes of aggregation operators

Acció del vent sobre una estructura. Anàlisi teòric i experimental

Aquest treball s'estructura a partir d'una sèrie de reflexions que es contextualitza a partir de la voluntat de sistematitzar l'estudi de l'acció del vent sobre un edifici o una estructura. Després de diferents períodes de temps i de fer un primer anàlisi bibliogràfic, es van centrar les hipòtesis d'aquesta tesi, que d'una manera amplia versa sobre la determinació teòrica i experimental en un túnel aerodinàmic tancat, de les accions estàtiques i dinàmiques provocades pel vent sobre estructures esveltes, concretament sobre un edifici prismàtic de base octogonal.La part experimental s'ha realitzat en el túnel de vent de cambra d'assaig I vena tancada que posseeix el Departament de Mecànica de Fluids en la seva Secció Departamental de Barcelona (laboratori d'aerodinàmica de l'ETSEIB), I la parta de simulació numèrica en el departament, però a la secció de l'EUETIB.Sempre he tractat d'establir les millors condicions, per tal de realitzar aquest estudi, dins de les possibilitats de què disposava, en definitiva, ha estat la meva intenció que aquesta tesi doctoral ajudi a un gran nombre d'estudiosos, en quant a la millora sistemàtica d'estudi d'aquest fenomen.El contingut d'aquest treball es mostra tot seguit:· Introducció· Estudi teòric règim estacionari· Estudi experimental règim estacionari· Resultats règim estacionari· Estudi teòric I experimental règim no estacionari· Conclusions· Referències bibliogràfiques

A note on the symmetric difference in lattices

The paper introduces a definition of symmetric difference in lattices with negation, presents its general properties and studies those that are typical of ortholattices, orthomodular lattices, de Morgan and boolean algebras

Combining degrees of impairment: the case of the index of Balthazard

Using techniques for modeling indices by means of functional equations and resources from fuzzy set theory, the classical Balthazard index used in order to combine several degrees of impairment is characterized in two natural ways and its use is criticized. In addition some hints are given on how to study better solutions than Balthazard's one for the problem of com-bining impairment's degrees

Sobre la representación del razonamiento basado en premisas

This paper deals with a new way of approaching the premise-based reasoning, suggesting that reasoning is conjecturing or refuting and that conjecturing is to figure out what is hidden in the premises, explaining them or speculating from them. Next, the role of fuzzy sets to represent the imprecise meaning characteristic of ordinary reasoning is addressed, showing the membership function as a kind of approximation to the extent to which an object satisfies the property denoted by the vague predicate. Finally, some limitations of the formalisms of the common-sense reasoning are addressed.En este trabajo se expone una nueva forma de abordar el razonamiento basado en premisas, sosteniendo que razonar sobre algo consiste en conjeturar o refutar y que conjeturar sólo puede estribar en desarrollar lo que está oculto en las premisas, explicarlas o especular a partir de ellas. A continuación, se presenta el papel de los conjuntos borrosos para representar el significado impreciso característico del razonamiento ordinario, mostrando a la función de pertenencia como una aproximación de la medida en que un objeto verifica la propiedad denotada por el predicado vago. Finalmente, se indican algunas limitaciones del razonamiento de sentido común

Towards a broad concept of scalar magnitude

Se propone una ampliación del concepto de magnitud escalar para incluir aquello que puede ser poseído en un grado por los objetos y que no es aditivo. Tal ocurre con la propiedad ‘grande’ o con la medida de ‘posibilidad’, que es sub-aditiva. Se identifican los conceptos borrosos como magnitudes escalares, se muestra el carácter plural de su medida que no es única y se obtiene por criterios contextuales de diseño. Por último, se alude a las medidas de borrosidad de De Luca y Termini como magnitudes escalares que parten de la relación ‘menos borroso que’In this paper we will approach an extension of the concept of scalar magnitude in order to include the properties that can be attributed in a degree to the objects and that are not additive. That is the case of the property 'big' or the measure of 'possibility', which is subadditive. Fuzzy concepts are identified as scalar magnitudes and the plural character of their measure is emphasized, showing that is not unique and contextual design dependent. Finally, the fuzzy measures of De Luca and Termini are presented as scalar magnitudes based on the 'less fuzzy than' relationTrabajo realizado con financiación del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) y el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad español bajo el proyecto TIN2014-56622-C3-1-RS