Michel Treyvaud

https://arrow.tudublin.ie/scthebk/1018/thumbnail.jp

Le cuivre dans tous ses états : métallurgie de la période Thulé (750 à 1900 de notre ère) dans la région du golfe du Couronnement

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

Review of existing Australian and international cyber-safety research

Information and communication technologies have permeated almost all areas of society and become an important component of daily functioning for most Australians. This is particularly true for Internet and mobile phone technology. The majority of Australian households (67% in 2007 – 2008) have access to the Internet and over 11 million Australians use the Internet as an integral part of their personal, social and occupational activities. By mid-2008, there were over 22 million active mobile phones being used in Australia, which equates to more than one phone for every citizen. There are many benefits associated with Internet and mobile phone use; however, there are also risks, particularly with the Internet. In fact, there is almost daily media discussion of these risks and dangers. However, to ensure that the information contained in this review was as accurate as possible, we primarily sourced quality research literature published in scientific journals both in Australia and overseas. In addition, quality material not published in scientific journals was consulted and included where appropriate, thus ensuring that this review was based on reliable research studies containing the most current and accurate research evidence available. From the outset, it is important to note that there are several methodological and ethical issues in relation associated with the measurement and examination of many cyber-safety risks. The nature of this type of research makes it very difficult to address certain risk areas, in particular those that relate to children (e.g., online grooming)

Does n-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy increase the IQ of children at school age? Follow-up of a randomised controlled trial

Introduction Despite recommendations that pregnant women increase their docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake to support fetal brain development, a recent systematic review found a lack of high-quality data to support the long-term effects of DHA supplementation on children's neurodevelopment. Methods and analysis We will assess child neurodevelopment at 7 years of age in follow-up of a multicentre double-blind randomised controlled trial of DHA supplementation in pregnancy. In 2010–2012, n=2399 Australian women with a singleton pregnancy <21 weeks’ gestation were randomised to receive 3 capsules daily containing a total dose of 800 mg DHA/day or a vegetable oil placebo until birth. N=726 children from Adelaide (all n=97 born preterm, random sample of n=630 born at term) were selected for neurodevelopmental follow-up and n=638 (preterm n=85) are still enrolled at 7 years of age. At the 7-year follow-up, a psychologist will assess the primary outcome, IQ, with the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Second Edition. Specific measures of executive functioning (Fruit Stroop and the Rey Complex Figure), attention (Test of Everyday Attention for Children), memory and learning (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test), language (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fourth Edition) and basic educational skills (Wide Range Achievement Test, Fourth Edition) will also be administered. Caregivers will be asked to complete questionnaires measuring behaviour and executive functioning. Families, clinicians and research personnel are blinded to group assignment with the exception of families who requested unblinding prior to the follow-up. All analyses will be conducted according to the intention-to-treat principal. Ethics and dissemination All procedures will be approved by the relevant institutional ethics committees prior to start of the study. The results of this study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journal publications and academic presentations. Trial registration numbers ACTRN12605000569606 and ACTRN12614000770662.Jacqueline F Gould, Karli Treyvaud, Lisa N Yelland, Peter J Anderson, Lisa G Smithers, Robert A Gibson, Andrew J McPhee, Maria Makride

MIEUX CONNAÎTRE LE NDAKINNA : LA CONTRIBUTION DE L’ARCHÉOLOGIE COLLABORATIVE AU PROCESSUS D’AFFIRMATION TERRITORIALE DE LA NATION ABÉNAKISE

O povo Abénaki, “aqueles do pais do sol nascente”, constitui a Primeira Nação algonquina localizada no Sul da província canadense do Quebec. Ndakinna é o território ancestral dos Abenakis. Eles consideram o território como um espaço incluindo a ocupação física, o uso dos recursos e a cultura. Os dados sobre a ocupação humana do Ndakinna permanecem, porém, pouco conhecidos.  Desde 1979, o Grande Conselho da Naçao Waban-Aki, habilitado pelo Conselho dos Abénakis de Odanak e o Conselho dos Abénakis de Wôlinak, tem como missão garantir o futuro da Nação Abénaki. Para este fim, o Grande Conselho usa estudos especializados para garantir a defesa dos direitos, dos interesses e a preservação da cultura da Nação.The Ndakinna is the ancestral territory of the Abenaki. For Abenaki territory is a space which includes its occupation, resource use and culture. The Abenaki "People of the dawn" are Québec’s southernmost Algonkian First Nation. However, information on the occupation of Ndakinna is poorly understood. Since 1979, the Grand Council of the Waban-Aki Nation (GCNWA), mandated by the Councils of the Abenakis of Odanak and Wôlinak, has as its mission the future of the Abenaki. In undertaking specialist studies, the GCNWA, defends the Nation’s rights, interests and the preservation of their culture.Les Abénakis, « les gens du pays de l'aube » ou « ceux qui vivent au levant », forment la Première Nation algonquienne la plus au sud du Québec. Le Ndakinna est leur territoire ancestral. Pour les Abénakis, le territoire est un espace qui inclut l'occupation physique, l'utilisation des ressources et la culture. Cependant, les informations sur l’occupation humaine du Ndakinna sont méconnues. Depuis 1979, le Grand Conseil de la Nation Waban-Aki, mandaté par le Conseil des Abénakis d’Odanak et le Conseil des Abénakis de Wôlinak, a comme mission d’assurer un avenir à la Nation Abénakise. Par le biais d’études spécialisées le Grand Conseil de la Nation Waban-Aki s’assure de la défense des droits, des intérêts et de la préservation de la culture de la Nation

Photogrammétrie, lasergrammétrie, tomodensitométrie

L’utilisation de moyens d’investigation non invasive à haute complexité technologique pour l’analyse du mobilier archéologique est actuellement limitée, réservée le plus souvent à des découvertes exceptionnelles. Ici, au contraire, sont exposés les méthodes et les résultats de l’utilisation de quelques-uns de ces moyens pour l’étude du mobilier fréquent, courant, banal que sont les céramiques protohistoriques. Ces recherches récentes ont été menées dans le cadre d’un projet ANR visant à utiliser des technologies d’imagerie avancées (tomodensitométrie…) et de restitutions 3D interactives, physiques et virtuelles (réalité virtuelle, augmentée, mixte ; impressions 3D et interactions tangibles) dans le but d’affiner la lecture d’objets complexes, composites et/ou altérés.The use of non-invasive means of investigation with high technological complexity for the analysis of archaeological artifacts is currently limited, reserved most often for exceptional discoveries. Here, on the contrary, are exposed the methods and the results of the use of some of these means for the study of the widespread, common, trivial artifacts that is protohistoric pottery. This recent research was conducted as part of an Agence Nationale de la Recherche project aiming to use advanced imaging technologies (computed tomography ...) and 3D interactive, physical and virtual renditions (virtual, augmented, mixed reality, 3D printing and tangible interactions) in order to refine the reading of complex, composite and / or altered objects.Actualmente, el uso de medios de investigación no invasiva de alta complejidad tecnológica para el análisis del mobiliario arqueológico se limita y reserva, la mayor parte del tiempo, para los descubrimientos de excepción. En contraposición a lo anterior, en el presente artículo se exponen los métodos y resultados del uso de algunas de estas herramientas durante el estudio de un mobiliario frecuente, corriente y banal como lo son las cerámicas protohistóricas. Estas investigaciones recientes han sido llevadas a cabo dentro del marco de un proyecto de la Agencia Nacional de Investigación (ANR, por su sigla en francés) que busca utilizar tecnologías de imagen avanzadas (tales como la tomodensitometría) y restituciones en 3D interactivas, físicas y virtuales (realidad virtual –aumentada y mixta–, impresiones en 3D e interacciones tangibles) con el objetivo de afinar la lectura de objetos complejos, compuestos y/o alterados

Cervical length screening for prevention of preterm birth in singleton pregnancy with threatened preterm labor: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials using individual patient-level data

Cervical length screening by transvaginal sonography (TVS) has been shown to be a good predictive test for spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) in symptomatic singleton pregnancy with threatened preterm labor (PTL). The aim of this review and meta-analysis of individual participant data was to evaluate the effect of knowledge of the TVS cervical length (CL) in preventing PTB in singleton pregnancies presenting with threatened PTL. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register and the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field's Trials Register (May 2016) and reference lists of retrieved studies. Selection criteria included randomized controlled trials of singleton gestations with threatened PTL randomized to management based mainly on CL screening (intervention group), or CL screening with no knowledge of results or no CL screening (control group). Participants included women with singleton gestations at 23 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks with threatened PTL. We contacted corresponding authors of included trials to request access to the data and perform a meta-analysis of individual participant data. Data provided by the investigators were merged into a master database constructed specifically for the review. The primary outcome was PTB < 37 weeks. Summary measures were reported as relative risk (RR) or as mean difference (MD) with 95% CI. RESULTS: Three trials including a total of 287 singleton gestations with threatened PTL between 24 + 0 and 35 + 6 weeks were included in the meta-analysis, of which 145 were randomized to CL screening with knowledge of results and 142 to no knowledge of CL. Compared with the control group, women who were randomized to the known CL group had a significantly lower rate of PTB < 37 weeks (22.1% vs 34.5%; RR, 0.64 (95% CI, 0.44-0.94); three trials; 287 participants) and a later gestational age at delivery (MD, 0.64 (95% CI, 0.03-1.25) weeks; MD, 4.48 (95% CI, 1.18-8.98) days; three trials; 287 participants). All other outcomes for which there were available data were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant association between knowledge of TVS CL and lower incidence of PTB and later gestational age at delivery in symptomatic singleton gestations with threatened PTL. Given that in the meta-analysis we found a significant 36% reduction in the primary outcome, but other outcomes were mostly statistically similar, further study needs to be undertaken to understand better whether the predictive characteristics of CL screening by TVS can be translated into better clinical management and therefore better outcomes and under what circumstances

Quality of life among parents of preterm infants: a scoping review

Purpose: To synthesize the body of knowledge on the factors influencing the QoL of mothers and fathers of preterm infants. Methods: A scoping review was performed. Publications indexed in PubMed®, Web of Science™, CINAHL® and PsycINFO® were searched, targeting studies presenting original empirical data that examined parental perception on QoL after a preterm delivery. Eligibility and data extraction were conducted by two independent researchers. The main quantitative findings were synthesized and qualitative data were explored by content analysis. Results: The studies, 11 quantitative and 1 mixed methods, were derived mainly from the USA (n = 6). Heterogeneity across the studies was observed regarding the operationalization of QoL and the use of units of analysis (mothers, parents, families and caregivers). In a context where 40 out of 45 covariates were analysed by only one or two studies, results suggested that parental QoL after a preterm delivery is influenced by factors related with mother’s characteristics, family issues and health care environment rather than infants’ variables. Factors regarding fathers’ characteristics and structural levels were not addressed. Conclusions: Standardizing the operationalization of the QoL when analysing mothers and fathers of preterm infants calls for a structured questionnaire adapted to their specific needs. Further research should include both mothers and fathers, invest in mixed methods approaches and be performed in different countries and settings for allowing integration and comparison of findings.This work was supported by FEDER funding from the Operational Programme Factors of Competitiveness—COMPETE and by national funding from the Foundation for Science and Technology—FCT (Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education) under the project “Parenting roles and knowledge in Neonatal Intensive Care Units” (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-019902; Ref. FCT PTDC/CS-ECS/120750/2010) and the Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia—Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto (EPIUnit) (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006862; Ref. UID/DTP/04750/2013); the grants PD/BD/105830/2014 (to MA), SFRH/BPD/103562/2014 (to EA), co-funded by the FCT and the POPH/FSE Program and the FCT Investigator contract IF/01674/2015 (to SS)

Neurobehaviour between birth and 40 weeks’ gestation in infants born <30 weeks’ gestation and parental psychological wellbeing: predictors of brain development and child outcomes

BACKGROUND: Infants born <30 weeks’ gestation are at increased risk of long term neurodevelopmental problems compared with term born peers. The predictive value of neurobehavioural examinations at term equivalent age in very preterm infants has been reported for subsequent impairment. Yet there is little knowledge surrounding earlier neurobehavioural development in preterm infants prior to term equivalent age, and how it relates to perinatal factors, cerebral structure, and later developmental outcomes. In addition, maternal psychological wellbeing has been associated with child development. Given the high rate of psychological distress reported by parents of preterm children, it is vital we understand maternal and paternal wellbeing in the early weeks and months after preterm birth and how this influences the parent–child relationship and children’s outcomes. Therefore this study aims to examine how 1) early neurobehaviour and 2) parental mental health relate to developmental outcomes for infants born preterm compared with infants born at term. METHODS/DESIGN: This prospective cohort study will describe the neurobehaviour of 150 infants born at <30 weeks’ gestational age from birth to term equivalent age, and explore how early neurobehavioural deficits relate to brain growth or injury determined by magnetic resonance imaging, perinatal factors, parental mental health and later developmental outcomes measured using standardised assessment tools at term, one and two years’ corrected age. A control group of 150 healthy term-born infants will also be recruited for comparison of outcomes. To examine the effects of parental mental health on developmental outcomes, both parents of preterm and term-born infants will complete standardised questionnaires related to symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress at regular intervals from the first week of their child’s birth until their child’s second birthday. The parent–child relationship will be assessed at one and two years’ corrected age. DISCUSSION: Detailing the trajectory of infant neurobehaviour and parental psychological distress following very preterm birth is important not only to identify infants most at risk, further understand the parental experience and highlight potential times for intervention for the infant and/or parent, but also to gain insight into the effect this has on parent–child interaction and child development