Building Boys, Building Canada: The Boy Scout Movement in Canada, 1908-1970

This dissertation examines Canada’s largest organization for boys of the twentieth century - the Boy Scouts. In Scouting for Boys [1908], Robert Baden Powell argued that Scouting provided a universal model for countries of the British Empire to develop the physical, mental and spiritual development of boys. The process of transplanting Baden-Powell’s movement to Canada led to the establishment of two separate organizations, divided along linguistic and religious lines. The movement also extended its reach to the Canadian North as missionaries and government officials adopted the movement in residential and day schools across the country. The Canadian Scout movement provides a compelling lens to understand how language, religion, race and class shaped the construction of Canadian boyhoods. This dissertation taps into the archival records of the Boy Scout movement, Canadian churches, state records, and private collections from the 1910s through to the 1960s to examine the motivations, objectives and tensions within the Scout movement’s network of institutional and cultural support. It argues that, as part of the frequent renewal of masculinities, Scouting and its supporters embraced the modern and the antimodern in order to shore up, revive, or reinvigorate masculinities that were deemed to be threatened. Perceptions of what boys needed were not always complementary and reflected broader religious, linguistic and racial assumptions and expectations about masculinity. The relationship between Scouting and Canadian churches, for instance, was fluid - reflecting a more complicated picture of religiosity in the postwar period than existing scholarship has considered. The relationship between French-Canadian and English-Canadian Scouting was also complex and symptomatic of larger shifting relationships between the French-Canadian diaspora, Quebec and English-speaking Canada. Northern nationalists, meanwhile, latched onto the Scout movement as a means of promoting particular “ideas of north” for southern boys and northern Aboriginal and Inuit boys. These different supporters were, however, tied together by a shared desire to mitigate the perceived “feminizing” effects of modern life through a “modernizing antimodernism.” Masculinity’s ties to political and social citizenship remained strong well into the 1960s as Scouting’s coalition of supporters sustained the belief that building better boys was the key to building a better Canada

The syntheses and structures of organoaluminum amides and imides with polydentate amines.

This thesis deals with the syntheses and structures of organoaluminum amides and imides using polydentate amines. Various bidentate and tridentate amines were reacted with trimethylaluminum to yield complexes with uncommon structural features. The reaction between trimethylaluminum and N-phenylethylenediamine produces a monomeric dialkylaluminumamido complex and a trimeric monoalkylaluminumamido complex. The structures of \rm Me\sb2Al(NH\sb2,CH\sb2CH\sb2NPh), 2.1, and \rm (MeAl(NHCH\sb2CH\sb2NPh))\sb3, 2.2 are presented. The reaction between trimethylaluminum and 8-aminoquinoline in a 1:2 ratio affords a monomeric monoalkylaluminumamido complex, while in a 2:1 ratio a tetranuclear imido complex is formed. Reaction of this tetranuclear complex with one equivalent of molecular oxygen converts a methyl group to a methoxy group and results in the formation of a new tetranuclear species. The structures of MeAl(8-amidoquinoline)\sb2 3.1, \rm Me\sb8Al\sb4(\mu\sb3-8-imidoquinoline)\sb2 3.2, and \rm Al\sb4(\mu\sb3-8-imidoquinoline)\rm\sb2(CH\sb3)\sb7(OCH\sb3) 3.3 are presented. The reaction between 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine and trimethylaluminum affords a chelated dimeric dialkylaluminumamido complex. The analogous reaction with 4-(aminomethyl)pyridine also produces a dimeric dialkylaluminumamido complex but in this species the pyridine group does not chelate. The structures of (Me\sb2Al(2-(amidomethyl)pyridine)) \sb2 3.4, and (Me\sb2Al(4-(amidomethyl)pyridine)) \sb2 3.5 are presented. The reactivity of some tridentate amines was also investigated. The reaction between trimethylaluminum and tetraethyldiethylenetriamine (tedtaH) in a 1:1 ratio produces a mononuclear dialkylaluminumamido chelate complex, while a 3:1 ratio affords a trinuclear species. The structures of Me\sb2Al(tedta) 4.1, and \rm Me\sb8Al\sb3(tedta) 4.2 are presented. The reaction between trimethylaluminum and di(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (dpaH) produces a mononuclear complex similar to 4.1. The structure of Me\sb2Al(dpa) 4.3 is presented.Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1994 .T735. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 34-02, page: 0764. Adviser: Suning Wang. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1994

The ‘Bilingual Incubator’: Student Attitudes Towards Bilingualism at Glendon College, 1966-1971

Abstract:York University’s Glendon College, specialized in liberal arts, opened in 1966 in an atmosphere of national crisis. English-French relations appeared to be deteriorating as a result of the changes wrought by the Quiet Revolution in Quebec.  Glendon College was conceived as an experiment in bilingual education which could help bridge the two solitudes by producing a new generation of bilingual public servants. This study discusses Glendon student attitudes towards bilingualism from 1966 until 1971, when university administrators eliminated mandatory bilingualism by admitting a separate English unilingual stream at the college. Though many Glendon students were interested in the same issues of social and generational politics as their peers at other institutions, they displayed a particular enthusiasm and regard for the politics of bilingualism and Canadian unity. Whether by organizing a nationally televised forum on Quebec society and politics, contesting the place of students in the governing structures of the university or debating how to best sustain a bilingual college in the heart of Toronto, students worked to recast the “Glendon experiment” to fit their own visions of bilingualism and national unity. Résumé: Le Collège Glendon, spécialisé en arts libéraux (humanités et sciences sociales) de l’Université York a ouvert ses portes en 1966 alors qu’il régnait au pays une atmosphère de crise. Les relations entre anglophones et francophones semblaient se détériorer surtout à cause des changements apportés par la Révolution tranquille du Québec. Glendon a été conçu à titre d’essai en éducation bilingue avec l’intention de jeter un pont entre les deux solitudes en assurant une nouvelle génération de fonctionnaires bilingues. Cette étude analyse les attitudes des étudiants envers le bilinguisme depuis 1966 jusqu’en 1971, l’année où les administrateurs de l’université supprimèrent le bilinguisme obligatoire en élargissant les critères d’admission au Collège pour y accueillir une cohorte d’étudiants unilingues anglophones. Quoique beaucoup d’étudiants s’intéressaient aux mêmes questions de politiques sociales de leur génération que leurs pairs dans d’autres institutions, ils firent preuve d’un intérêt et d’un enthousiasme particuliers vis-à-vis des politiques de bilinguisme et d’unité nationale. Les étudiants travaillèrent avec zèle à refondre « l’expérience Glendon » pour concorder avec leurs propres visions de bilinguisme et d’unité nationale, soit en organisant un forum sur la société et les politiques du Québec, soit en réclamant une place pour les étudiants dans les structures de gouvernance de l’université, ou encore, en entamant des débats sur la façon d’assurer la meilleure viabilité d’un collège bilingue au cœur de Toronto

Polymorphisms in the carcinogen detoxification genes CYB5A and CYB5R3 and breast cancer risk in African American women

Cytochrome b5 (encoded by CYB5A) and NADH cytochrome b5 reductase (encoded by CYB5R3) detoxify aromatic and heterocyclic amine mammary carcinogens found in cigarette smoke. We hypothesized that CYB5A and CYB5R3 polymorphisms would be associated with breast cancer risk in women

Construction and Performance Monitoring of Various Asphalt Mixes in Illinois: 2015 Interim Report

A series of five experimental projects were constructed to better determine the life-cycle cost and performance of pavement overlays using various types and combinations of recycled materials—namely, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) and crushed concrete. The asphalt binder replacement (ABR) varied from 15% to 48% in the experimental sections. The study of these projects prior to construction, during construction, and for a short monitoring period after construction is intended to determine the impact of various pavement conditions, pavement cross-sections, mix designs, and material properties on the ultimate performance of the hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlay. This interim report documents the construction and testing to date on two of the five projects in the study—Crawford Avenue/Pulaski Road and US 52 (IL 52 to Laraway Road)—that were constructed in 2014. Distress and profile surveys were conducted before and after construction. Samples were obtained of the HMA surface and binder courses and were tested for basic properties, plus Cantabro, stability/flow, Texas overlay cracking potential, fracture energy, flexibility index, fatigue, modulus, creep, and Hamburg rutting. Presented are early performance trends and baseline conditions that future performance can be compared against. Also included in this report is an update of performance on three total recycle asphalt (TRA) sections and a comparison section constructed in 2013 with ABR’s ranging from 20% to 60%.R27-161, Illinois Department of TransportationOpe

Utilizing Lab Tests To Predict Asphalt Concrete Overlay Performance

A series of five experimental projects and three demonstration projects were constructed to better understand the performance of pavement overlays using various levels of asphalt binder replacement (ABR) from reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), recycled asphalt shingles (RAS), and crushed concrete. The ABR varied from 15% to 60% in the experimental sections. The study of these projects prior to construction, during construction, and for a short monitoring period after construction is intended to determine the impact of various pre-existing pavement conditions, pavement cross-section, mix design, and material properties on the ultimate performance of the asphalt concrete (AC) overlay. This final report is the third report on this research project. Two interim reports that documented project construction and performance to date have been previously published. This report documents final material testing, performance data collection of distress and profile surveys after construction. This report provides a compilation of findings and recommendations from all stages of these projects. The testing suite included Cantabro, stability/flow, Texas overlay, Illinois Flexibility Index Test (I-FIT), fatigue, modulus, creep, and Hamburg rutting. Pavement performance as measured by transverse cracking was found to be more pronounced in thin AC overlays than in thick AC overlays. The Flexibility Index was found to correlate to transverse cracking and confirmed the validity of using this parameter in mix design development.IDOT-R27-161Ope

Tack Coat Optimization for HMA Overlays: Accelerated Pavement Test Report

Interface bonding between hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlays and Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements is one of the most significant factors affecting overlay service life. This study was performed to quantify the effects of HMA type, tack coat type, tack coat application rate, and PCC surface texture on the interface bonding and overlay performance through laboratory testing, accelerated pavement testing (APT), and numerical modeling. This report presents the outcomes of the APT, as well as the numerical modeling of pavement interfaces. The results of the laboratory testing are covered in a companion report. The APT built on and validated previously completed laboratory tests where an HMA overlay was placed on top of an existing PCC pavement having various surface textures including smooth, transverse tined, longitudinal tined, and milled. In addition, zebra sections were included to evaluate the effect of non-uniform tack coat application. Asphalt emulsion SS-1hP and cutback asphalt RC-70 were applied at three residual application rates, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.09 gal/yd2 (0.09, 0.18, and 0.41 L/m2); asphalt binder PG64-22 was applied at 0.04 gal/yd2 (0.41 L/m2). Two HMA designs, standard binder mix and moisture sensitive binder mix, were used along with the three tack coats. Twenty-five pavement test sections were constructed and loaded with the Accelerated Transportation Loading ASsembly (ATLAS) at the centerline. The tensile strains at the bottom of HMA, to quantify potential interface slippage, were measured for selective sections, and primary HMA rutting was analyzed for all sections. The APT results validated laboratory determined optimum tack coat application rate, which provided the lowest interface strain and surface rutting in the field. Both PG64-22 and SS-1hP showed better rutting resistance than RC-70. Milled PCC surface provided lower rutting than transverse-tined and smooth surfaces. The field testing also showed that PCC cleaning methods play an important role in the HMA-PCC bonding. Higher rutting depth was measured in sections with uneven tack coat distribution compared to that with uniform tack coat distribution. Field testing results don???t show enough evidence to prove that using a moisture-sensitive mix will result in higher HMA surface rutting.ICT-R55published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewe

Tack Coat Optimization for HMA Overlays: Laboratory Testing

Interface bonding between hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlays and Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements can be one of the most significant factors affecting overlay service life. Various factors may affect the bonding condition at the interface, including HMA material,tack coat material, tack coat application rate, PCC surface texture, temperature, and moisture conditions. The objective of this study is to quantify the impact of these parameters on the permanent deformation of the HMA overlay. This study includes three major components to achieve the objective: laboratory testing, numerical modeling, and accelerated pavement testing. This report presents and analyzes the laboratory testing results. A direct shear test device was built and utilized to investigate the characteristics of the HMA-PCC interface and to determine the interface shear strength in the lab. Tests were run in monotonic mode at a constant loading rate of 0.47 in/min (12 mm/min). Test specimens were prepared using field PCC cores, laboratory prepared HMA, and tack coat materials provided by the supplier. Parameters affecting the interface performance that were evaluated include HMA material type (SM-9.5 surface mix and IM-19.5A binder mix), tack coat type (SS-1h and SS-1hP emulsions, and RC-70 cutback), tack coat application rate, PCC surface texture, temperature, and moisture conditions. Test results showed that the asphalt emulsions SS-1h and SS-1hP produced greater interface bonding strength than the cutback asphalt RC-70. The SM-9.5 surface mix was found to have better interface strength than the IM-19.0A binder mix. The HMA tested produced the same trend of interface shear strength with tack coat application rate for various tack coat types. The optimum residual tack coat application rate for the SS-1hP emulsion using IM-19.0A binder mix was 0.04 gal/yd2 (0.18 L/m2) in the lab. The direction of tining on the PCC produced no effect on interface shear strength at 20 oC. However, the milled concrete surface provided greater interface shear strength than both tined and smooth PCC surfaces for the same tack coat application rate. At the optimum tack coat application rate, the smooth PCC surface produced higher interface shear strength than the tined surface. As temperature increased, interface bonding strength decreased. Moisture conditioning significantly decreased the interface shear strength. This reduction was more pronounced when a stripping-vulnerable binder mix IM-19.0B was used.ICT- R55published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewe