Recomendaciones de uso en Castilla y León del Material Forestal de Reproducción (MFR) de las especies Pinus pinaster Ait., Quercus ilex L., Pinus sylvestris L. y Quercus pyrenaica Willd.

La correcta utilización de las procedencias forestales tiene gran importancia tanto por la adaptación del material forestal al lugar de utilización como por la conservación de los recursos genéticos. Este trabajo propone unas recomendaciones de uso de regiones de procedencia mediante selección de variables climáticas más influyentes de cada especie. Estas variables son utilizadas en un análisis discriminante para determinar la probabilidad de pertenencia a procedencia más similar climáticamente. Esta metodología se ha aplicado a Pinus pinaster, P. sylvestris, Quercus ilex y Q. pyrenaica, especies ampliamente distribuidas por Castilla y León, ámbito del estudio. Así mismo, se realiza un análisis de similitud entre zonas de utilización y regiones de procedencia mediante la distancia de Mahalanobis, confirmando y matizando los resultados a partir de la información disponible de ensayos de procedencias y de análisis genéticos. Se propone una herramienta sencilla y robusta que puede implementarse al resto de especies forestales.Producción Vegetal y Recursos ForestalesMáster en Investigación en Ingeniería para la Conservación y Uso Sostenible de Sistemas Forestale

Ex-situ genetic conservation of Pinus nigra salzmannii endangered populations from the Spanish Central Range: abstract

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Seizures regulate the cation-Cl− cotransporter NKCC1 in a hamster model of epilepsy: implications for GABA neurotransmission

BackgroundThe balance between the activity of the Na+/K+/Cl− cotransporter (NKCC1) that introduces Cl− into the cell and the K+/Cl− cotransporter (KCC2) that transports Cl− outside the cell is critical in determining the inhibitory or excitatory outcome of GABA release. Mounting evidence suggests that the impairment of GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy, both in patients and animal models. Previous studies indicate that decreased KCC2 expression is linked to audiogenic seizures in GASH/Sal hamsters, highlighting that Cl− imbalance can cause neuronal hyperexcitability. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the Na+/K+/Cl− cotransporter NKCC1 is also affected by audiogenic seizures and could, therefore, play a role in neuronal hyperexcitability within the GASH/Sal epilepsy model.MethodsNKCC1 protein expression in both the GASH/Sal strain and wild type hamsters was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting techniques. Brain regions examined included cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, inferior colliculus and pons-medulla oblongata, which were evaluated both at rest and after sound-inducing seizures in GASH/Sal hamsters. A complementary analysis of NKCC1 gene slc12a2 expression was conducted by real-time PCR. Finally, protein and mRNA levels of glutamate decarboxylase GAD67 were measured as an indicator of GABA release.ResultsThe induction of seizures caused significant changes in NKCC1 expression in epileptic GASH/Sal hamsters, despite the similar brain expression pattern of NKCC1 in GASH/Sal and wild type hamsters in the absence of seizures. Interestingly, the regulation of brain NKCC1 by seizures demonstrated regional specificity, as protein levels exclusively increased in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. Complementary real-time PCR analysis revealed that NKCC1 regulation was post-transcriptional only in the hypothalamus. In addition, seizures also modulated GAD67 mRNA levels in a brain region-specific manner. The increased GAD67 expression in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of the epileptic hamster brain suggests that NKCC1 upregulation overlaps with GABA release in these regions during seizures.ConclusionsOur results indicate that seizure induction causes dysregulation of NKCC1 expression in GASH/Sal animals, which overlaps with changes in GABA release. These observations provide evidence for the critical role of NKCC1 in how seizures affect neuronal excitability, and support NKCC1 contribution to the development of secondary foci of epileptogenic activity

Identification of protein-coding sequences using the hybridization of 18S rRNA and mRNA during translation

We introduce a new approach in this article to distinguish protein-coding sequences from non-coding sequences utilizing a period-3, free energy signal that arises from the interactions of the 3′-terminal nucleotides of the 18S rRNA with mRNA. We extracted the special features of the amplitude and the phase of the period-3 signal in protein-coding regions, which is not found in non-coding regions, and used them to distinguish protein-coding sequences from non-coding sequences. We tested on all the experimental genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The identification was consistent with the corresponding information from GenBank, and produced better performance compared to existing methods that use a period-3 signal. The primary tests on some fly, mouse and human genes suggests that our method is applicable to higher eukaryotic genes. The tests on pseudogenes indicated that most pseudogenes have no period-3 signal. Some exploration of the 3′-tail of 18S rRNA and pattern analysis of protein-coding sequences supported further our assumption that the 3′-tail of 18S rRNA has a role of synchronization throughout translation elongation process. This, in turn, can be utilized for the identification of protein-coding sequences

Normativa para la producción y comercialización de planta de castaño en España

Biocastanea 2012 - III Feria de la Castañicultura en el Bierzo: Conferencia impartida por Javier Tranque y Jesús Rueda (Servicio de Restauración de la Naturaleza de la Junta de Castilla y León

Higiene postural en la Escuela. Propuesta de intervención educativa para alumnos de primero de Educación Primaria del Colegio CEIP Elvira Lindo Garrido, durante el curso 2012/2013.

En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta de intervención educativa sobre la higiene postural para el alumnado de primero de Educación Primaria del colegio CEIP Elvira Lindo Garrido. Se ha probado anteriormente durante el curso académico 2012/2013 en las clases de Educación Física. Previamente, se hace una revisión teórica de los aspectos más significativos sobre la higiene postural más cotidiana en torno a la salud, así se obtienen unas ideas y conclusiones sobre lo trabajado, porque a través de una buena educación postural escolar y concienciación sobre los hábitos posturales, se pueden evitar diversos problemas de espalda en un futuro.Grado en Educación Primari

Las proteínas PAT1 : nuevos reguladores multifuncionales del procesamiento de los ARNm en Arabidopsis thaliana

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 11-04-2023El objetivo principal de las plantas, como seres vivos, es maximizar su éxito reproductivo. Para ello, es fundamental un adecuado control del crecimiento y desarrollo, que está gobernado, esencialmente, a través de cambios en la expresión génica. Durante los últimos años, numerosos estudios han puesto de manifiesto que la estabilidad de los ARN mensajeros (ARNm) juega un papel decisivo a la hora de determinar los patrones de expresión génica. Entender los mecanismos moleculares que regulan la estabilidad de los ARNm es, por tanto, imprescindible para conocer como las plantas se desarrollan y reproducen. Resultados previos en Arabidopsis han demostrado que el complejo citoplasmático LSM1-7, un activador de la maquinaria de decapping, controla los niveles de 5’ CAP y, por tanto, la estabilidad de ARNm específicos dependiendo de las señales internas y externas que perciben las plantas. Si esta característica es única del complejo LSM1-7 o compartida por otros componentes de la maquinaria de decapping se desconoce. Las proteínas PAT1 también forman parte de esta maquinaria y se encuentran muy conservadas evolutivamente en eucariotas. Distintos trabajos han demostrado que las proteínas PAT1p de levaduras y PAT1b de humanos son, como el complejo LSM1-7, activadores del proceso de decapping. Así mismo, estudios recientes han indicado que ambas proteínas también están involucradas en el control de la estabilidad de mensajeros de manera independiente del decapping, y que PAT1b está implicada en el proceso de splicing. Un dato muy interesante es que Arabidopsis contiene tres proteínas parálogas PAT1, denominadas PAT1, PAT1H1 y PAT1H2. Sin embargo, hasta el momento, tan solo PAT1 ha sido descrita como activadora del decapping...The major goal of plants, like all other living organisms, is to maximize their reproductive success. To this, it is crucial an adequate control of their growth and development, which is mainly governed by changes in gene expression. In the last years, different studies have revealed that controlling the stability of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) plays a key role in regulating gene expression. Therefore, identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying mRNA stability is essential to understand how plants develop and reproduce. Previous studies in Arabidopsis have demonstrated that the cytoplasmic LSM1-7 complex, an activator of decapping, determines the levels of 5´ CAP and, as a result, the stability of a specific subset of mRNAs, depending on the external and internal stimuli perceived by plants. Whether this ability is a particular feature of the LSM1-7 complex or it is shared by other components of the decapping machinery, is still unknown. PAT1 proteins are also components of this machinery, and they are highly conserved along evolution. Several reports have shown that PAT1p and PAT1b, function as activators of decapping in yeast and humans, respectively. In addition, it has been recently described that both proteins are involved in controlling RNA stability in a decapping-independent way, and that PAT1b regulates the splicing process. Interestingly, the Arabidopsis genome contains three genes encoding PAT1 paralogous, named PAT1, PAT1H1 and PAT1H2. So far, however, only PAT1 has been described to act as an activator of decapping...Fac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEunpu

Proyecto para la inclusi\uf3n de las personas con diversidad funcional visual en el disfrute art\uedstico del Museo Art Nouveau y Art Dec\uf3 de la ciudad de Salamanca /

Trabajo Fin de Grado-Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Facultad de Comunicaci\uf3n, 2020La rama m\ue1s purista perteneciente a la disciplina del dise\uf1o, el denominado Dise\uf1o Universal, aboga por una accesibilidad total que abarque al conjunto de la sociedad, incluyendo a las minor\uedas, y en este caso que ata\uf1e, a las personas con diversidad funcional visual. Si bien esta materia concreta se asienta sobre los derechos fundamentales de los individuos, su puesta en pr\ue1ctica no se encuentra extendida entre los bienes y servicios ofrecidos a la sociedad, tal y como es el caso del Museo Art Nouveau y Art D\ue9co de la ciudad de Salamanca. Por ello, en este proyecto se busca solventar esta problem\ue1tica, dando respuesta a la pregunta principal de investigaci\uf3n, c\uf3mo hacer m\ue1s inclusivo el disfrute del arte expuesto en la Casa Li

GSK3β Inhibition by Phosphorylation at Ser³⁸⁹ Controls Neuroinflammation

The inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 β (GSK3β) by Ser9 phosphorylation affects many physiological processes, including the immune response. However, the consequences of GSK3β inhibition by alternative Ser389 phosphorylation remain poorly characterized. Here we have examined neuroinflammation in GSK3β Ser389 knock-in (KI) mice, in which the phosphorylation of Ser389 GSK3β is impaired. The number of activated microglia/infiltrated macrophages, astrocytes, and infiltrated neutrophils was significantly higher in these animals compared to C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) counterparts, which suggests that the failure to inactivate GSK3β by Ser389 phosphorylation results in sustained low-grade neuroinflammation. Moreover, glial cell activation and brain infiltration of immune cells in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) failed in GSK3β Ser389 KI mice. Such effects were brain-specific, as peripheral immunity was not similarly affected. Additionally, phosphorylation of the IkB kinase complex (IKK) in response to LPS failed in GSK3β Ser389 KI mice, while STAT3 phosphorylation was fully conserved, suggesting that the NF-κB signaling pathway is specifically affected by this GSK3β regulatory pathway. Overall, our findings indicate that GSK3β inactivation by Ser389 phosphorylation controls the brain inflammatory response, raising the need to evaluate its role in the progression of neuroinflammatory pathologies