「お話リレー(ストーリー・テリング)」の指導 ―上級をめざす口頭表現能力育成の事例報告―

　ACTFLのOPIガイドラインによると,上級レベルに求められる能力としては,詳しい説明,叙述の能力,段落単位で話せる能力,漢語系語彙のコントロールの能力が必要とされている。しかし,そのためには,どのような指導が有効なのだろうか。この問いに対する解答の一つとして,このほど筆者はビデオを利用したストーリー・テリングを試みたところ,一定の成果を見た。そこで,本稿では,その指導の内容と成果を報告するとともに,その方法を「お話リレー(Chain Story)」と名付け,上級レベルを目指す学生のために有効な指導方法の一つとして提案したい。このお話リレーでは,段落単位での叙述・説明の練習が可能になるというメリットがある。また,語彙や表現など,教師側の意図するような指導も行える上,学習者の語彙の増加,漢語の増加にも役立つことが分かった。更には,学生の積極的な態度も促進できるという利点もある。　This paper offers a teaching strategy that can help intermediate level students acquire speaking skills needed to reach the Advanced level. According to ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines, speakers in the Advanced level can describe and narrate in paragraphs and can control the use of some kango. However, how should students practice to acquire competency in these areas? How can teachers instruct effectively? In this paper, I will introduce a story telling activity that can elevate students\u27 speaking skills towards the Advanced level, which I call the "chain story". The chain story embodies four advantages. 1) facilitation of narrational practices on the paragraph-level 2) accurate introduction of vocabulary 3) enhancement of students\u27 vocabulary 4) construction of an active environment for communication These advantages prove the utility of this "Chain Story" for students aiming at the Advanced level

The Double-edged Effect of Insulin on the Neuronal Cell Death Associated with Hypoglycemia on the Hippocampal Slice Culture

It is well known that the central nervous system (CNS) is vulnerable tohypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Insulin is indispensable for serum glucose controland diabetes patients are on the relative or absolute deficient state of insulin. The roleof insulin on the CNS, however, has not been fully elucidated, yet. To reveal the roleof insulin on the neuronal survival, we have used in vitro system of an organotypichippocampal slice culture from rat, and examine the neuronal cell death at the variousglucose concentrations in the presence or absence of insulin. When glucoseconcentrations is varied to 0, 1, 3, 5 and 30mM in the incubation medium, the neuronalcell death was minimum at 5mM, and no neuronal survival was observed under 1mMon the CA1. On the dentate gyrus granule cells (DG), on the other hand, thesignificant neuronal survival was observed even as low as 1mM. In the presence of1nM concentration of insulin, the neuronal cell death curve showed the U-shape, andthe minimum death point was 3-5mM glucose concentrations at the CA1. At the DG,insulin did not show the protective effect up to 48 hours culture regardless of glucoseconcentration. In the absence of glucose, insulin accelerated the neuronal cell deathboth in the CA1 and DG. We concluded that insulin has a double-edged effect on theneuronal cell death dependent on glucose concentration, and that the CA1 and the DGhave a different sensitivity to insulin in terms of cell survival