Potenciales Evocados Cerebrales y Reactividad en Deficientes mentales

La existencia de diferencias individuales en la conducta de 10s defi- cientes mentales es debida en gran parte al efecto de las variables del tem- peramento. En este estudio se presentan datos sobre la relación entre la dimensión del temperamento denominada Reactividad (Strelau, L 1983) y el funcionalisme energético cerebral evaluado mediante la técnica de 10s Potenciales Evocados Cerebrales. En este trabajo se analizaron 10s resulta- dos de una muestra de 13 sujetos deficientes mentales de diferentes etiolo- g i a ~ que mostraron la existencia de diferencias significativas en la ampli- tud de 10s componentes del Auditory Brainstem Response entre 10s sujetos con Reactividad alta y baja. Se discute el significado de estas diferencias en términos de 10s procesos de excitación/inhibiciÓn cerebral implicados en el control estimular y que sustentan las dimensiones del temperamento. Palabras claves: Temperamento, reactividad, deficiencia mental, po- tenciales evocados cerebrales

The first Spanish version of the NEPSY for the assessment of the neuropsychological development in a sample of Spanish children

All the subtests of the first Spanish language version of the NEPSY were administered to a sample of 415 children aged 3 to 12 years old: 193 boys and 222 girls. For statistical analysis, the sample was divided into two groups: one comprising 98 children aged 3-4, and the other 317 children aged 5-12. First, the adjustment of the distribution of the different items of this Spanish version of the NEPSY subtests to the normal curve was checked. The usefulness of these subtests to assess the level of children's development according to their chronological age was then tested using regression analysis. Finally, we checked that the raw scores on the subtest items of this Spanish version ofthe NEPSY differed significantly between 3 and 4 year olds and between 5 and 6 year olds: in each age pair, the mean scores of the older group increased inaccuracy and decreased in runtime and errors

Cognitive Factors in Fibromyalgia: The Role of Self-Concept and Identity Related Conflicts

Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by the presence of diffuse and chronic musculoskeletal pain of unknown etiology. Clinical diagnosis and the merely palliative treatments considerably affect the patient's experience and the chronic course of the disease. Therefore, several authors have emphasized the need to explore issues related to self in these patients. The repertory grid technique (RGT), derived from personal construct theory, is a method designed to assess the patient's construction of self and others. A group of women with fibromyalgia (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30) were assessed using RGT. Women with fibromyalgia also completed the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and a visualanalogue scale for pain, and painful tender points were explored. Results suggest that these women had a higher present self–ideal self discrepancy and a lower perceived adequacy of others, and it was more likely to find implicative dilemmas among them compared to controls. These dilemmas are a type of cognitive conflict in which the symptom is construed as “enmeshed” with positive characteristics of the self. Finally, implications of these results for the psychological treatment of fibromyalgia are suggested to give a more central role to self-identity issues and to the related cognitive conflicts

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Los procesos de organización mnemónica en dos casos de debilidad mental : paralíticos cerebrales y retrasados mentales

Estudiar los procesos de memoria en niños deficientes mentales. 54 sujetos de edades comprendidas entre los 10 y los 12 años, divididos en los siguientes grupos: A/ 18 sujetos normales. B/ 18 sujetos paralíticos cerebrales. C/ 18 sujetos retrasados mentales. Parte teórica: expone los puntos de vista teóricos que le servirán de base para establecer la hipótesis. Analiza dos posturas teóricas (la Escuela de Ginebra y las aportaciones del Funcionalismo americano). Establece una serie de consideraciones generales acerca de la debilidad mental en los grupos de la muestra y las pruebas que elabora para delimitar las características. Parte empírica: establece una primera fase de memorización, estudia los procesos de categorización semántica y por último desarrolla pruebas espacio-temporales. Prueba de atención (inspirada en el test doble tachado de Zazzo), prueba de atención inmediata (de dígitos), prueba de inteligencia (escala de inteligencia Wechsler para niños), pruebas de memoria y categorización semántica y pruebas de organización espacio-conceptuales. Análisis estadístico. Indice de Bousfield-Cohen e índices de correlación. Diagrama de barras. Los paralíticos cerebrales tienen mayores dificultades en recordar la estrategia empleada en la retención a largo plazo. En las pruebas espacio-conceptuales los paralíticos cerebrales son los que obtienen un nivel más bajo de ejecutación correcta. Las diferencias mnemónicas entre los grupos se establecen ya en el momento de la memorización del material y se mantienen en la fase de recuperación. No hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los sujetos retrasados mentales y los paralíticos cerebrales, en las pruebas de memoria y categorización semántica, exceptuando la situación de recuerdo libre en la que los sujetos retrasados mentales obtienen mejores resultados.CataluñaES

Potenciales Evocados Cerebrales y Reactividad en Deficientes mentales

La existencia de diferencias individuales en la conducta de 10s defi- cientes mentales es debida en gran parte al efecto de las variables del tem- peramento. En este estudio se presentan datos sobre la relación entre la dimensión del temperamento denominada Reactividad (Strelau, L 1983) y el funcionalisme energético cerebral evaluado mediante la técnica de 10s Potenciales Evocados Cerebrales. En este trabajo se analizaron 10s resulta- dos de una muestra de 13 sujetos deficientes mentales de diferentes etiolo- g i a ~ que mostraron la existencia de diferencias significativas en la ampli- tud de 10s componentes del Auditory Brainstem Response entre 10s sujetos con Reactividad alta y baja. Se discute el significado de estas diferencias en términos de 10s procesos de excitación/inhibiciÓn cerebral implicados en el control estimular y que sustentan las dimensiones del temperamento. Palabras claves: Temperamento, reactividad, deficiencia mental, po- tenciales evocados cerebrales

Primera versión española del NEPSY para la evaluación neuropsicológica del desarrollo en una muestra de niños españoles

All the subtests of the first Spanish language version of the NEPSY were administered to a sample of 415 children aged 3 to 12 years old: 193 boys and 222 girls. For statistical analysis, the sample was divided into two groups: one comprising 98 children aged 3-4, and the other 317 children aged 5-12. First, the adjustment of the distribution of the different items of this Spanish version of the NEPSY subtests to the normal curve was checked. The usefulness of these subtests to assess the level of children’s development according to their chronological age was then tested using regression analysis. Finally, we checked that the raw scores on the subtest items of this Spanish version of the NEPSY differed significantly between 3 and 4 year olds and between 5 and 6 year olds: in each age pair, the mean scores of the older group increased inaccuracy and decreased in runtime and errors.Se administran todos los subtests de la primera versión en castellano del NEPSY a una muestra de 415 niños de 3 a 12 años de edad: 193 varones y 222 niñas. Para las tareas estadísticas, se separan en dos grupos: uno de 98 niños de 3-4 años y otro de 317 de 4-12 años. En primer lugar, se comprueba el ajuste de las distribuciones de las distintas variables de los subtest de esta versión española del NEPSY a la curva normal. Posteriormente se comprueba la utilidad de estos para verificar el nivel de desarrollo de los niños por su edad cronológica, mediante un análisis de regresión. Finalmente, se verifica que las diferencias en las puntuaciones directas de las distintas variables de los subtests de esta versión española del NEPSY, entre los niños de 3 y 4 años y entre los de 5 y 6 años, son estadísticamente significativas, de forma que ambos grupos de niños mayores aumentan las medias en exactitud y disminuyen las del tiempo de ejecución y los errores en las diferentes tareas

The first Spanish version of the NEPSY for the assessment of the neuropsychological development in a sample of Spanish children

All the subtests of the first Spanish language version of the NEPSY were administered to a sample of 415 children aged 3 to 12 years old: 193 boys and 222 girls. For statistical analysis, the sample was divided into two groups: one comprising 98 children aged 3-4, and the other 317 children aged 5-12. First, the adjustment of the distribution of the different items of this Spanish version of the NEPSY subtests to the normal curve was checked. The usefulness of these subtests to assess the level of children's development according to their chronological age was then tested using regression analysis. Finally, we checked that the raw scores on the subtest items of this Spanish version ofthe NEPSY differed significantly between 3 and 4 year olds and between 5 and 6 year olds: in each age pair, the mean scores of the older group increased inaccuracy and decreased in runtime and errors

Cognitive factors in fibromyalgia: The role of self-concept and identity related conflicts

Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by the presence of diffuse and chronic musculoskeletal pain of unknown etiology. Clinical diagnosis and the merely palliative treatments considerably affect the patient's experience and the chronic course of the disease. Therefore, several authors have emphasized the need to explore issues related to self in these patients. The repertory grid technique (RGT), derived from personal construct theory, is a method designed to assess the patient's construction of self and others. A group of women with fibromyalgia (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30) were assessed using RGT. Women with fibromyalgia also completed the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire and a visualanalogue scale for pain, and painful tender points were explored. Results suggest that these women had a higher present self-ideal self discrepancy and a lower perceived adequacy of others, and it was more likely to find implicative dilemmas among them compared to controls. These dilemmas are a type of cognitive conflict in which the symptom is construed as"enmeshed" with positive characteristics of the self. Finally, implications of these results for the psychological treatment of fibromyalgia are suggested to give a more central role to self-identity issues and to the related cognitive conflicts