The Deep-Water Red Shrimp Fishery in the Spanish Mediterranean Sea

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Impact of the 'Seguro Médico Siglo XXI'medical insurance programme on neonatal and infant mortality in Mexico, 2006-14: an ecological approach to estimation

The ‘Seguro Medico Siglo XXI’ (SMSXXI), a universal coveragemedical insurance programme for children under 5 years of age, started in 2006 to help avoid catastrophic health expenditures in poor families without social security in Mexico. The study used information from the National Health Information System for the 2006–14 period. An ecological approach was followed with a panel of the 2457 municipalities of Mexico as the units of analysis. The outcome variables were the municipality-level neonatal mortality and infant mortality rates in population without access to social security. The programme variable was the coverage of the SMSXXI programme at the municipality level, expressed as a proportion. Demographic and economic variables defined at the municipality level were included as covariates. Impact was estimated by fitting a fixed-effects negative binomial regression model. Results reveal that the SMSXXI significantly reduced both infant and neonatSal mortality in the target population, although in a non-linear fashion, with minimum mortality levels found around the 70% coverage range. The effect is mostly given by the transition from the first quintile to the fourth quintile of coverage (<13% vs 70.5–93.7% coverage), and it is attenuated significantly at coverage levels very close to or at 100%. The observed risk reduction amounted to an estimated total of 11 358 infant deaths being avoided due to the SMSXXI during the 2006–14 period, of which 48% were neonatal. In conclusion, we found a significant impact of the SMSXXI programme on both infant mortality and neonatal mortality. An attenuation of the effect of the insurance on mortality rates at levels close to 100% coverage may reflect the saturation of health units in detriment of the quality of care

De sangre y leche: Raza y religión en el mundo ibérico moderno

Sangre y leche fueron símbolos omnipresentes en los territorios de la «Monarquía Católica», en España y su Imperio colonial. Situados a medio camino entre la naturaleza y la cultura, a lo largo de las edades Media y Moderna, la sangre y la leche tejieron una poderosa analogía entre la reproducción fisiológica y la reproducción cultural. Como exploran los artículos de este libro, estos símbolos desempeñaron un papel determinante en los procesos de ordenación, jerarquización, y por supuesto también, de exclusión social dentro de la monarquía. Partiendo de perspectivas tan diversas como la religiosa, la social, la jurídica o la antropológica, los autores de este libro analizan esta privilegiada encrucijada simbólica para interrogarse sobre el origen y desarrollo del discurso de la «raza» en la España altomoderna.Índice: Introducción, por Mercedes García-Arenal y Felipe Pereda. SANGRE. LA POLÍTICA DEL LINAJE Y LA SANGRE. -Genealogía, linaje e identidad etnocultural en la Granada nazarí, por Mohamad Ballan. -Religión y raza en la Edad Media cristiana e islámica, por David Nirenberg. -Linaje, conversión y naturalezas inestables en el Atlántico ibérico: comparación entre la incorporación y la exclusión de los moriscos y de los pueblos indígenas, por Karoline P. Cook. -Limpieza de sangre: la batalla por la reforma desde Salucio hasta Quevedo, por Francisco Bethencourt. LA SANGRE, VEHÍCULO DE LA NATURALEZA INMUTABLE. -Sangre de mi sangre: lo que no se podía adquirir, o casi no, por Jean-Frédéric Schaub. -Demonios, estrellas e imaginación. El cuerpo a principios de la modernidad en los trópicos, por Jorge Cañizares-Esguerra. -«Sua malicia vem-se a conaturizar»: Sangre, color de piel y conversión en el mundo ibérico moderno, por Giuseppe Marcocci. -Los «judíos menstruantes». Sangre, bautismo y la retórica de la evidencia en un tratado de Juan de Quiñones (1632), por Stefania Pastore. SANGRE & LECHE. EL DISCURSO SIMBÓLICO DE LOS FLUIDOS SACROS .-Líquidos sagrados y la formación de protestantes (españoles), por James S. Amelang. -Divinos pechos, como cántaros: estética, política y género de las imágenes del Barroco español, por Felipe Pereda. -La puesta en escena de la limpieza de sangre en la España del siglo XVII, por Rachel Burk. REPRESENTACIONES Y FICCIONES. -Saberes médicos e ideología esencialista: sangre, esperma, leche y construcción del ser, por Christine Orobitg. -Ficciones genealógicas. El morisco Román Ramírez y los libros de caballerías, por Miguel Martínez. -Del morisco real al imaginado. Construcciones de la alteridad en la Península Ibérica moderna, por Francisco J. Moreno Díaz del Campo y Borja Franco Llopis. A MODO DE COLOFÓN. -De sangre y leche: debates y categorías sobre racialización. Una lectura retrospectiva, por Max S. Hering Torres. -¿Eran racistas los europeos de la modernidad temprana?, por Joan Pau Rubiès.Peer reviewe

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Acceptability and reliability of an adolescent risk behavior questionnaire administered with audio and computer support

Objective. To test acceptability and reliability of audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI) system administered at the household level to gather data on risk behaviors among adolescents in Mexico. Methods. Answers to sensitive behavior-related questions obtained using ACASI systems were compared with answers to the same questions obtained through face-to-face interviews (FFIs). Focus groups were conducted to explore ACASI acceptability among adolescents and its feasibility in obtaining better self-reported data on sensitive behaviors. Results. ACASI was adolescents' preferred method for reporting risk behaviors, particularly sexual behavior, and did not pose greater challenges to respondents versus FFIs. Also, more risk behaviors were reported through ACASI versus FFIs. Conclusion. The use of ACASI systems in disadvantaged households to obtain data on adolescent risk behavior is not only feasible but may also improve data quality in the case of complex questionnaires, compared with FFIs, and should therefore be considered as an alternative survey method

Meio ambiente, capitalismo e desenvolvimento sustentável: a arquitetura de um matrimônio duvidoso

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1806-5023.2009v6n3p25A revolução no pensamento e na relação do homem com o meio ambiente advinda do Iluminismo desencadeou durante a Modernidade um processo de desenvolvimento econômico e tecnológico que ao alcançar o século XX demonstrou-se problemático trazendo a perspectiva da finitude e do limite de volta às consciências. Movimentos sociais se organizaram reivindicando a conservação do meio ambiente e a ciência e o capitalismo foram apontados com responsáveis pela destruição do ambiente natural. O debate em torno da problemática ambiental era pautado pelo impasse entre as posições antagônicas de “ambientalistas” e “desenvolvimentistas”. Na busca da superação deste impasse foram articulados os conceitos de “Ecodesenvolvimento” e posteriormente o de Desenvolvimento Sustentável. O primeiro foi rejeitado devido ao seu conteúdo excessivamente político e de partir de premissas que contrariavam os interesses da economia mundial. O segundo ganhou proeminência no discurso ambiental e teve ampla aceitação nos mais diversos setores devido ao seu caráter conciliador que afirmava a possibilidade de se alcançar um tipo de desenvolvimento capaz de contemplar os aspectos sociais, econômicos e ecológicos. Ainda que elaborado de maneira vaga e alvo de suspeita de mera estratégia discursiva

Hydrothermal system of Central Tenerife Volcanic Complex, Canary Islands (Spain), inferred from self-potential measurements.

An extensive self-potential survey was carried out in the central volcanic complex of Tenerife Island (Canary Islands, Spain). A total amount of ~237 kmof profileswith 20 mspacing betweenmeasurementswas completed, including radial profiles extending from the summits of Teide and Pico Viejo, and circular profiles inside and around Las Cañadas caldera and the northern slopes of Teide and Pico Viejo. One of themain results of this mapping is the detection ofwell-developed hydrothermal systemswithin the edifices of Teide and Pico Viejo, and also associated with the flank satellite M. Blanca and M. Rajada volcanoes. A strong structural control of the surface manifestation of these hydrothermal systems is deduced from the data, pointing to the subdivision of Teide and Pico Viejo hydrothermal systems in three zones: summit crater, upper and lower hydrothermal systems. Self-potential maxima related to hydrothermal activity are absent from the proximal parts of the NE and NW rift zones as well as from at least two of the mafic historical eruptions (Chinyero and Siete Fuentes), indicating that long-lived hydrothermal systems have developed exclusively over relatively shallow felsic magma reservoirs. Towards Las Cañadas caldera floor and walls, the influence of the central hydrothermal systems disappears and the self-potential signal is controlled by the topography, the distance to thewater table of Las Cañadas aquifer and its geometry. Nevertheless, fossil or remanent hydrothermal activity at some points along the Caldera wall, especially around the Roques de García area, is also suggested by the data. Self-potential data indicate the existence of independent groundwater systems in the three calderas of Ucanca, Guajara and Diego Hernández, with a funnel shaped negative anomaly in the Diego Hernández caldera floor related to the subsurface topography of the caldera bottom. Two other important self-potential features are detected: positive values towards the northwestern Santiago rift, possibly due to the relatively high altitude of the water-table in this area; and a linear set ofminima to thewest of Pico Viejo, aligned with the northwestern rift and related to meteoricwater infiltration along its fracture system