Conducción eléctrica entre Aurícula izquierda y Venas pulmonares: Caracterización mediante mapeo de alta densidad

La conexión eléctrica entre las venas pulmonares (VVPP) y el antro auricular no ocurre en todo el perímetro de la vena sino en zonas de conducción preferencial (ZCP). Los sistemas de mapeo de actividad eléctrica de alta densidad permite distinguirlos de forma exacta. El objetivo consiste en determinar la presencia de ZCP, su número, características anatómicas y localización, así como objetivar la existencia de similitudes entre las características anatómicas de dichas zonas.The electrical connection between the pulmonary veins and the atrial antrum doesn´t occur around the entire perimeter of the vein but in preferential conduction zones (PCZ). The high-density cardiac electrical activity mapping systems allow to distinguish them exactly. The objective is to determine the presence of PCZ, their number, anatomical characteristics and location, as well as to objectify the existence of similarities between the anatomical characteristics of these zones.Medicin

Moderasi Beragama Karaeng Galesong XVI (Studi Kasus Penerimaan Pendatang Tionghoa dan Pembangunan Klenteng di Galesong)

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukkan adanya praktek-praktek moderasi beragama yang dilakukan oleh Karaeng Galesong ke XVI, mulai dari kedatangan Masyarakat Tionghoa baik dari jalur Luwu maupun Makassar yang tiba di Galesong, sampai pada pendirian klenteng. Pendirian klenteng tersebut merupakan bentuk nyata dari praktik moderasi beragama yang ditunjukkan oleh Karaeng Galesong ke XVI. Praktik moderasi beragama Karaeng Galesong ke XVI dibaca berdasarkan tiga indikator moderasi beragama, yaitu komitmen multikultural dan kebangsaan, toleransi beragama dan sikap akomodatif terhadap kebudayaan lokal. Implikasi dari penelitian tesis ini, terdapat lima poin. Pertama, penguatan moderasi beragama dengan berlandaskan sejarah lokal agar program moderasi beragama memiliki akar historis dalam khazanah sosial dan budaya lokal. Kedua, pengarusutamaan moderasi beragama menjadikan pendekatan kearifan lokal sebagai modal sosial dan kultural. Ketiga, penguatan moderasi beragama harus bersinergi dengan kebijakan multikultural sebagaimana yang dijalankan oleh Karaeng Galesong ke XVI. Keempat, pelestarian Klenteng Pan Ko Ong sebagai saksi sejarah best practice pembauran masyarakat pendatang Tionghoa dan penerimaan oleh pemimpin dan masyarakat Galesong. Kelima, menjadikan Klenteng Pan Ko Ong sebagai simbol moderasi beragama di Galesong khususnya dan di Kabupaten Takalar secara umum

The wheat Phs-A1 pre-harvest sprouting resistance locus delays the rate of seed dormancy loss and maps 0.3 cM distal to the PM19 genes in UK germplasm

The precocious germination of cereal grains before harvest, also known as pre-harvest sprouting, is an important source of yield and quality loss in cereal production. Pre-harvest sprouting is a complex grain defect and is becoming an increasing challenge due to changing climate patterns. Resistance to sprouting is multi-genic, although a significant proportion of the sprouting variation in modern wheat cultivars is controlled by a few major quantitative trait loci, including Phs-A1 in chromosome arm 4AL. Despite its importance, little is known about the physiological basis and the gene(s) underlying this important locus. In this study, we characterized Phs-A1 and show that it confers resistance to sprouting damage by affecting the rate of dormancy loss during dry seed after-ripening. We show Phs-A1 to be effective even when seeds develop at low temperature (13 °C). Comparative analysis of syntenic Phs-A1 intervals in wheat and Brachypodium uncovered ten orthologous genes, including the Plasma Membrane 19 genes (PM19-A1 and PM19-A2) previously proposed as the main candidates for this locus. However, high-resolution fine-mapping in two bi-parental UK mapping populations delimited Phs-A1 to an interval 0.3 cM distal to the PM19 genes. This study suggests the possibility that more than one causal gene underlies this major pre-harvest sprouting locus. The information and resources reported in this study will help test this hypothesis across a wider set of germplasm and will be of importance for breeding more sprouting resilient wheat varieties

An analysis of dormancy, ABA responsiveness, after-ripening and pre-harvest sprouting in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) caryopses

Embryo and caryopsis dormancy, abscisic acid (ABA) responsiveness, after-ripening (AR), and the disorder pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) were investigated in six genetically related wheat varieties previously characterized as resistant, intermediate, or susceptible to PHS. Timing of caryopsis AR differed between varieties; AR occurred before harvest ripeness in the most PHS-susceptible, whereas AR was slowest in the most PHS-resistant. Whole caryopses of all varieties showed little ABA-responsiveness during AR; PHS-susceptible varieties were responsive at the beginning of the AR period whereas PHS-resistant showed some responsiveness throughout. Isolated embryos showed relatively little dormancy during grain-filling and most varieties exhibited a window of decreased ABA-responsiveness around the period of maximum dry matter accumulation (physiological maturity). Susceptibility to PHS was assessed by overhead misting of either isolated ears or whole plants during AR; varieties were clearly distinguished using both methods. These analyses allowed an investigation of the interactions between the different components of seed development, compartments, and environment for the six varieties. There was no direct relationship between speed of caryopsis AR and embryo dormancy or ABA-responsiveness during seed maturation. However, the velocity of AR of a variety was closely associated with the degree of susceptibility to PHS during AR suggesting that these characters are developmentally linked. Investigation of genetic components of AR may therefore aid breeding approaches to reduce susceptibility to PHS

A roadmap for gene functional characterisation in crops with large genomes: Lessons from polyploid wheat

Understanding the function of genes within staple crops will accelerate crop improvement by allowing targeted breeding approaches. Despite their importance, a lack of genomic information and resources has hindered the functional characterisation of major crop genes. The recent release of high-quality reference sequences for these crops underpins a suite of genetic and genomic resources that support basic research and breeding. For wheat, these include gene model annotations, expression atlases and gene networks that provide information about putative function. Sequenced mutant populations, improved transformation protocols and structured natural populations provide rapid methods to study gene function directly. We highlight a case study exemplifying how to integrate these resources. This review provides a helpful guide for plant scientists, especially those expanding into crop research, to capitalise on the discoveries made in Arabidopsis and other plants. This will accelerate the improvement of crops of vital importance for food and nutrition security

Microsatellites for the genus Cucurbita and an SSR-based genetic linkage map of Cucurbita pepo L.

Until recently, only a few microsatellites have been available for Cucurbita, thus their development is highly desirable. The Austrian oil-pumpkin variety Gleisdorfer Ölkürbis (C. pepo subsp. pepo) and the C. moschata cultivar Soler (Puerto Rico) were used for SSR development. SSR-enriched partial genomic libraries were established and 2,400 clones were sequenced. Of these 1,058 (44%) contained an SSR at least four repeats long. Primers were designed for 532 SSRs; 500 primer pairs produced fragments of expected size. Of these, 405 (81%) amplified polymorphic fragments in a set of 12 genotypes: three C. moschata, one C. ecuadorensis, and eight C. pepo representing all eight cultivar groups. On an average, C. pepo and C. moschata produced 3.3 alleles per primer pair, showing high inter-species transferability. There were 187 SSR markers detecting polymorphism between the USA oil-pumpkin variety “Lady Godiva” (O5) and the Italian crookneck variety “Bianco Friulano” (CN), which are the parents of our previous F2 mapping population. It has been used to construct the first published C. pepo map, containing mainly RAPD and AFLP markers. Now the updated map comprises 178 SSRs, 244 AFLPs, 230 RAPDs, five SCARs, and two morphological traits (h and B). It contains 20 linkage groups with a map density of 2.9 cM. The observed genome coverage (Co) is 86.8%

New broad-spectrum resistance to septoria tritici blotch derived from synthetic hexaploid wheat

Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the ascomycete Mycosphaerella graminicola, is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat. We screened five synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHs), 13 wheat varieties that represent the differential set of cultivars and two susceptible checks with a global set of 20 isolates and discovered exceptionally broad STB resistance in SHs. Subsequent development and analyses of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between the SH M3 and the highly susceptible bread wheat cv. Kulm revealed two novel resistance loci on chromosomes 3D and 5A. The 3D resistance was expressed in the seedling and adult plant stages, and it controlled necrosis (N) and pycnidia (P) development as well as the latency periods of these parameters. This locus, which is closely linked to the microsatellite marker Xgwm494, was tentatively designated Stb16q and explained from 41 to 71% of the phenotypic variation at seedling stage and 28–31% in mature plants. The resistance locus on chromosome 5A was specifically expressed in the adult plant stage, associated with SSR marker Xhbg247, explained 12–32% of the variation in disease, was designated Stb17, and is the first unambiguously identified and named QTL for adult plant resistance to M. graminicola. Our results confirm that common wheat progenitors might be a rich source of new Stb resistance genes/QTLs that can be deployed in commercial breeding programs