13 research outputs found

    Iron Behaving Badly: Inappropriate Iron Chelation as a Major Contributor to the Aetiology of Vascular and Other Progressive Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases

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    The production of peroxide and superoxide is an inevitable consequence of aerobic metabolism, and while these particular "reactive oxygen species" (ROSs) can exhibit a number of biological effects, they are not of themselves excessively reactive and thus they are not especially damaging at physiological concentrations. However, their reactions with poorly liganded iron species can lead to the catalytic production of the very reactive and dangerous hydroxyl radical, which is exceptionally damaging, and a major cause of chronic inflammation. We review the considerable and wide-ranging evidence for the involvement of this combination of (su)peroxide and poorly liganded iron in a large number of physiological and indeed pathological processes and inflammatory disorders, especially those involving the progressive degradation of cellular and organismal performance. These diseases share a great many similarities and thus might be considered to have a common cause (i.e. iron-catalysed free radical and especially hydroxyl radical generation). The studies reviewed include those focused on a series of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases, where iron can be found at the sites of plaques and lesions, as well as studies showing the significance of iron to aging and longevity. The effective chelation of iron by natural or synthetic ligands is thus of major physiological (and potentially therapeutic) importance. As systems properties, we need to recognise that physiological observables have multiple molecular causes, and studying them in isolation leads to inconsistent patterns of apparent causality when it is the simultaneous combination of multiple factors that is responsible. This explains, for instance, the decidedly mixed effects of antioxidants that have been observed, etc...Comment: 159 pages, including 9 Figs and 2184 reference

    Genomic Dissection of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia, Including 28 Subphenotypes

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    publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Genomic Dissection of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia, Including 28 Subphenotypes journaltitle: Cell articlelink: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.046 content_type: article copyright: © 2018 Elsevier Inc

    Use of medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil in subjects with Alzheimer's disease: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study, with an open‐label extension

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    Abstract Introduction Cerebral glucose and insulin metabolism is impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ketones provide alternative energy. Will medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, a nutritional source of ketones, impact cognition in AD? Methods This was a 6‐month randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study, with 6‐month open‐label extension in probable AD subjects, on stable medications. MCT dose was 42 g/day, or maximum tolerated. Cognition was assessed with Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Cognigram®. Results Twenty subjects, average age 72.6 years, 45% women, 70% university educated had baseline MMSE 22.6/30 (10–29); MoCA 15.6/30 (4–27); baseline Cognigram® Part 1: 65–106, Part 2: 48–107. Average MCT oil consumption was 1.8 tablespoons/day (25.2 g, 234 kcal). Eighty percent remained stable or improved. Longer MCT exposure and age > 73, resulted in higher final MMSE (P < .001) and Cognigram® 1 scores. Discussion This is the longest duration MCT AD study to date. Eighty percent had stabilization or improvement in cognition, and better response with 9‐month continual MCT oil

    Medição de tempo de atravessamento e inventário em processo em manufatura controlada por ordens de fabricação Lead-time and work-in-process measurement in manufacture controlled by manufacturing orders

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    Este artigo trata da aplicação de um método para medição do tempo de atravessamento e do inventário em processo em operações de manufatura controladas por ordens de fabricação. Revisam-se os conceitos de tempo de atravessamento, inventário e filas em manufatura e apresenta-se o método proposto. Coletaram-se as datas de início e término e as quantidades fabricadas em cem ordens de fabricação de um fabricante de máquinas. O método foi aplicado e os resultados permitiram análises sobre a gestão do prazo e da confiabilidade de entrega e da fila na manufatura. Tais critérios podem ser importantes quando a competição no negócio também considera a rapidez e a confiabilidade nas entregas.<br>This paper presents an application of a method for measuring lead-time and work-in-process in manufacturing operations controlled by orders. We review the concepts of lead-time, inventory and queues in manufacturing and present the proposed method. We began by collecting data from one hundred orders, which include release and completion time and delivered quantities. The method was applied and allowed a discussion involving time-to-deliver, dependability of orders and management of queues in shop-floor, which can be important in business competition, when customers expect, from manufacturer, quick response and on-time delivers
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