2,539 research outputs found
Two-Phase and Vapor Phase PvTx Propertiesof the Difluoromethane + cis-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Binary System
This paper provides 84 two-phase and 66 vapor phase PvTx measurements for binary blends comprising difluoromethane (R32) and cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234ze(Z)). The data are for seven i..
A cost-effective algorithm for the solution of engineering problems with particle swarm optimization
Endometriosis classification, staging and reporting systems: a review on the road to a universally accepted endometriosis classification,
BACKGROUND: In the field of endometriosis, several classification, staging and reporting systems have been developed. However, endometriosis classification, staging and reporting systems that have been published and validated for use in clinical practice have not been systematically reviewed up to now. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the current review is to provide a historical overview of these different systems based on an assessment of published studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic Pubmed literature search was performed. Data were extracted and summarised. RESULTS: Twenty-two endometriosis classification, staging and reporting systems have been published between 1973 and 2021, each developed for specific and different purposes. There is still no international agreement on how to describe the disease. Studies evaluating different systems are summarised showing a discrepancy between the intended and the evaluated purpose, and a general lack of validation data confirming a correlation with pain symptoms or quality of life for any of the current systems. A few studies confirm the value of the Enzian system for surgical description of deep endometriosis. With regards to infertility, the endometriosis fertility index has been confirmed valid for its intended purpose. CONCLUSIONS: Of the 22 endometriosis classification, staging and reporting systems identified in this historical overview, only a few have been evaluated, in 46 studies, for the purpose for which they were developed. It can be concluded that there is no international agreement on how to describe endometriosis or how to classify it, and that most classification/staging systems show no or very little correlation with patient outcomes. WHAT IS NEW? This overview of existing systems is a first step in working towards a universally accepted endometriosis classification
Test of the photon detection system for the LHCb RICH Upgrade in a charged particle beam
The LHCb detector will be upgraded to make more efficient use of the
available luminosity at the LHC in Run III and extend its potential for
discovery. The Ring Imaging Cherenkov detectors are key components of the LHCb
detector for particle identification. In this paper we describe the setup and
the results of tests in a charged particle beam, carried out to assess
prototypes of the upgraded opto-electronic chain from the Multi-Anode PMT
photosensor to the readout and data acquisition system.Comment: 25 pages, 22 figure
Phase III study of pasireotide long-acting release in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid symptoms refractory to available somatostatin analogues
In a randomized, double-blind, Phase III study, we compared pasireotide long-acting
release (pasireotide LAR) with octreotide long-acting repeatable (octreotide LAR) in managing
carcinoid symptoms refractory to first-generation somatostatin analogues. Adults with carcinoid
tumors of the digestive tract were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive pasireotide LAR (60 mg)
or octreotide LAR (40 mg) every 28 days. Primary outcome was symptom control based on
frequency of bowel movements and flushing episodes. Objective tumor response was a secondary
outcome. Progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated in a post hoc analysis. Adverse
events were recorded. At the time of a planned interim analysis, the data monitoring committee
recommended halting the study because of a low predictive probability of showing superiority
of pasireotide over octreotide for symptom control (n=43 pasireotide LAR, 20.9%; n=45
octreotide LAR, 26.7%; odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27–1.97; P=0.53).
Tumor control rate at month 6 was 62.7% with pasireotide and 46.2% with octreotide (odds
ratio, 1.96; 95% CI, 0.89–4.32; P=0.09). Median (95% CI) PFS was 11.8 months (11.0 – not
reached) with pasireotide versus 6.8 months (5.6 – not reached) with octreotide (hazard ratio,
0.46; 95% CI, 0.20–0.98; P=0.045). The most frequent drug-related adverse events (pasireotide
vs octreotide) included hyperglycemia (28.3% vs 5.3%), fatigue (11.3% vs 3.5%), and nausea
(9.4% vs 0%). We conclude that, among patients with carcinoid symptoms refractory to available
somatostatin analogues, similar proportions of patients receiving pasireotide LAR or octreotide
LAR achieved symptom control at month 6. Pasireotide LAR showed a trend toward higher
tumor control rate at month 6, although it was statistically not significant, and was associated
with a longer PFS than octreotide LAR
Classification of Light-Induced Desorption of Alkali Atoms in Glass Cells Used in Atomic Physics Experiments
We attempt to provide physical interpretations of light-induced desorption
phenomena that have recently been observed for alkali atoms on glass surfaces
of alkali vapor cells used in atomic physics experiments. We find that the
observed desorption phenomena are closely related to recent studies in surface
science, and can probably be understood in the context of these results. If
classified in terms of the photon-energy dependence, the coverage and the
bonding state of the alkali adsorbates, the phenomena fall into two categories:
It appears very likely that the neutralization of isolated ionic adsorbates by
photo-excited electron transfer from the substrate is the origin of the
desorption induced by ultraviolet light in ultrahigh vacuum cells. The
desorption observed in low temperature cells, on the other hand, which is
resonantly dependent on photon energy in the visible light range, is quite
similar to light-induced desorption stimulated by localized electronic
excitation on metallic aggregates. More detailed studies of light-induced
desorption events from surfaces well characterized with respect to alkali
coverage-dependent ionicity and aggregate morphology appear highly desirable
for the development of more efficient alkali atom sources suitable to improve a
variety of atomic physics experiments.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure; minor corrections made, published in e-Journal of
Surface Science and Nanotechnology at
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ejssnt/4/0/4_63/_articl
Spallative ablation of dielectrics by X-ray laser
Short laser pulse in wide range of wavelengths, from infrared to X-ray,
disturbs electron-ion equilibrium and rises pressure in a heated layer. The
case where pulse duration is shorter than acoustic relaxation time
is considered in the paper. It is shown that this short pulse may cause
thermomechanical phenomena such as spallative ablation regardless to
wavelength. While the physics of electron-ion relaxation on wavelength and
various electron spectra of substances: there are spectra with an energy gap in
semiconductors and dielectrics opposed to gapless continuous spectra in metals.
The paper describes entire sequence of thermomechanical processes from
expansion, nucleation, foaming, and nanostructuring to spallation with
particular attention to spallation by X-ray pulse
Isotopic Composition of Light Nuclei in Cosmic Rays: Results from AMS-01
The variety of isotopes in cosmic rays allows us to study different aspects
of the processes that cosmic rays undergo between the time they are produced
and the time of their arrival in the heliosphere. In this paper we present
measurements of the isotopic ratios 2H/4He, 3He/4He, 6Li/7Li, 7Be/(9Be+10Be)
and 10B/11B in the range 0.2-1.4 GeV of kinetic energy per nucleon. The
measurements are based on the data collected by the Alpha Magnetic
Spectrometer, AMS-01, during the STS-91 flight in 1998 June.Comment: To appear in ApJ. 12 pages, 11 figures, 6 table
Recommendations for the surgical treatment of endometriosis. Part 2: deep endometriosis
Study question: How should surgery for endometriosis be performed?
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Summary answer: This document provides recommendations covering technical aspects of different methods of surgery for deep endometriosis in women of reproductive age.
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What is known already: Endometriosis is highly prevalent and often associated with severe symptoms. Yet compared to equally prevalent conditions it is poorly understood and a challenge to manage. Previously published guidelines have provided recommendations for (surgical) treatment of deep endometriosis, based on the best available evidence, but without technical information and details on how to best perform such treatment in order to be effective and safe.
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Study, design, size, duration: A working group of the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE), European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) and the World Endometriosis Society (WES) collaborated on writing recommendations on the practical aspects of surgery for treatment of deep endometriosis.
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Participants, materials, setting, methods: This document focused on surgery for deep endometriosis, and is complementary to a previous document in this series focusing on endometrioma surgery.
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Main results and the role of chance: The document presents general recommendations for surgery for deep endometriosis, starting from preoperative assessments and first steps of surgery. Different approaches for surgical treatment are discussed and are respective of location and extent of disease; uterosacral ligaments and rectovaginal septum with or without involvement of the rectum, urinary tract or extrapelvic endometriosis. In addition, recommendations are provided on the treatment of frozen pelvis and on hysterectomy as a treatment for deep endometriosis.
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Limitations, reasons for caution: Owing to the limited evidence available, recommendations are mostly based on clinical expertise. Where available, references of relevant studies were added.
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Wider implications of the findings: These recommendations complement previous guidelines on management of endometriosis and the recommendations for surgical treatment of ovarian endometrioma.
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Study funding - Competing interest(s): The meetings of the working group were funded by ESGE, ESHRE and WES
Observation of two new baryon resonances
Two structures are observed close to the kinematic threshold in the mass spectrum in a sample of proton-proton collision data, corresponding
to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb recorded by the LHCb experiment.
In the quark model, two baryonic resonances with quark content are
expected in this mass region: the spin-parity and
states, denoted and .
Interpreting the structures as these resonances, we measure the mass
differences and the width of the heavier state to be
MeV,
MeV,
MeV, where the first and second
uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The width of the
lighter state is consistent with zero, and we place an upper limit of
MeV at 95% confidence level. Relative
production rates of these states are also reported.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure
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