MOTIVÁCIA VOĽBY UČITEĽSKÉHO POVOLANIA: PROSOCIÁLNE SPRÁVANIE AKO JEDEN Z KĽÚČOVÝCH FAKTOROV VOĽBY UČITEĽSKÉHO POVOLANIA

Práca rieši problematiku motívov voľby povolania študentov učiteľstva regionálnych vysokých škôl.Výskum zisťuje rozdiely v typoch motivácie voľby povolania u študentov s nízkou a vysokou mierou motívuprosociálneho správania, ako subkategórie altruistických motívov, pri voľbe učiteľstva ako perspektívnehopovolania. Typy motivácie boli zisťované na vzorke 305 študentov učiteľstva pomocou SMVUP3-S škály. V štúdii bolzistený signifikantný rozdiel medzi jednotlivými výskumnými skupinami v typoch motivácie voľby povolania, kdeštudenti s vysokou mierou prosociálneho správania prejavili vyššiu mieru vnútorných, vonkajších a altruistickýchfaktorov voľby povolania, v porovnaní so študentmi s nízkou mierou prosociálneho správania

Drying and extraction of the wild garlic leaves (Allium ursinum L.) in order to obtain functional products with bioactive potential

Cilj ove doktorske disertacije je bio odrediti niz tehnoloških postupaka koji bi omogućili iskorišćenje sremuša u prehrambene i farmaceutske svrhe u svežem ili suvom stanju, kao biljne droge za pripremu različitih formi ekstrakata bogatih bioaktivnim jedinjenjima izolovanih iz njega. List sremuša bere se u vrlo kratkom vremenskom periodu tokom proleća, a nakon branja njegovi listovi vrlo brzo venu i gube svoja senzorna, nutritivna i funkcionalna svojstva, zbog čega je dostupnost ove biljne sirovine vremenski vrlo ograničena. Zbog toga su ispitani uslovi skladištenja svežeg lista sremuša kako bi se sagledala trajnost sremuša za konzumiranje u svežem stanju, ali i mogućnost primene skladištenog sremuša za ekstrakciju bioaktivnih jedinjenja. Za dobijanje osušenog lista sremuša ispitan je uticaj različitih tehnika sušenja (konvektivno i vakuumsko sušenje) i temperature sušenja (40, 50, 60 i 70 °C) na sadržaj bioaktivnih komponenti u osušenom proizvodu. Primenom odgovarajuće tehnike sušenja, povećava se stabilnost i dostupnost listova sremuša za potrebe prehrambene i farmaceutske industrije. Primenom savremenih ekstrakcionih tehnika kao što je ekstrakcije superkritičnim ugljen-dioksidom, ekstrakcije subkritičnom vodom i ultrazvučne ekstrakcije, ispitan je uticaj procesnih parametara različitih ekstrakcionih tehnika, poput ultrazvučne ekstrakcije (temperatura, vreme ekstrakcije, snaga ultrazvuka, uticaj rastvarača) i ekstrakcije subkritičnom vodom (temperatura, vreme ekstrakcije, dodatak modifikatora), superkritične ekstrakcije ugljen-dioksidom (pritisak i temperatura), dok je maceracija kao konvencionalna tehnika ekstrakcije primenjena za poređenje efikasnosti modernih ekstrakcionih postupaka. U dobijenim ekstraktima ispitan je sadržaj polifenolnih komponenti, antioksidantna aktivnost i sadržaj sumpornih jedinjenja u cilju optimizacije ekstrakcionih parametara i radi utvrđivanja uslova ekstrakcije pri kojima se postiže najveći kvalitet ekstrakata u pogledu sadržaja ciljanih bioaktivnih komponenti.  Za odabrane ekstrakte ispitan je antimikrobni potencijal na različite Gram pozitivne i Gram negativne bakterijske sojeve. Za dobijanje stabilnijih formi odabranih ekstrakata primenjena je enkpasulacija spray drying i spray congeling tehnikom. Enkapsuliranim ekstraktima su određene fizičko-hemijske osobine (hemijski sastav, sadržaj vlage, higroskopnost, moć rehidratacije, WAI i WSI) i biološka aktivnost (antimikrobna i antioksidativna aktivnost).The aim of this doctoral dissertation was to determine various technological procedures that would enable the use of fresh and dryed wild garlic leaves in foods and pharmaceutical industry, as a herbal drug or nutraceuticals. The availability period of fresh wild garlic is very short and only during the spring season. After harvest, the leaves are quite perishable, wither very quickly and lose their sensory, nutritive and functional properties. This makes the availability time of this herbal raw material very limited. Therefore, the conditions for storing the fresh leaves of wild garlic and the influences of storing conditions on composition of bioactive compounds were examined in order to extend their use in fresh state. In order to obtain dry herbal drug for extraction, influence of various drying techniques (convection and vacuum drying) and drying temperatures (40, 50, 60, 70 °C) were examinated. The stability and availability of wild garlic in food and pharmaceutical industries was extended by drying. The influence of process parameters of different modern extraction techniques - ultrasonic extraction (temperature, extraction time, ultrasonic power, solvent effect) and subcritical water extraction , extraction time, modifier addition), supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (pressure and temperature) - was examined, while maceration (as a conventional extraction technique) was used to evaluate the efficiency of modern extraction methods. The obtained extracts were analysed in terms of the polyphenolic content, the antioxidant activity and the content of sulfur compounds in order to optimize the extraction parameters and determine the extraction conditions for achieving the highest quality of extracts in terms of the content of the target bioactive components. Antimicrobial potential for different Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains was tested for selected extracts. To obtain more stable forms of selected extracts encapsulation techniques - spray drying and spray congeling - were applied. Encapsulated extracts were evaluated in terms of physico-chemical properties (chemical composition, moisture content, hygroscopicity, rehydration power, WAI and WSI) and biological activity (antimicrobial and antioxidant activity)

PLA films loaded with Achillea millefolium: In vitro antibacterial effects

Antimicrobial packaging as active food packaging represents a suitable packaging form for food in products in particular for foods where microbial contamination occurs primarily at the surface. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most frequently used bio-polymers because of its similarities to conventional polymeric materials used in food packaging, however its use is still limited to short-term packaging applications. This research has been focused on preparation of PLA packaging films modified with bioactive compounds from Achillea millefolium (AM) plant extract as possible active packaging solution. Addition of specific natural compounds could give improvements in mechanical, thermal or barrier properties, as well as the antimicrobial effect with significant impact on prolonging the food shelf-life and its quality and safety. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine chemical and antimicrobial properties of crude AM ethanolic extract and PLA composite films loaded with two concentrations of AM extract expressed in weight percent (2 wt. % and 5 wt. %). The AM ethanolic extract showed very good antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, while PLA films loaded with 5% AM extract showed significant reduction of initial S. aureus after 24 h contact time compared to neat PLA films (up to 90%). PLA films with 2% and 5% AM content did not show any antimicrobial activity against E. coli. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the ethanolic extract was determined considering its phenolic composition. These results indicated promising potential of incorporation of A. millefolium extract in PLA as an antimicrobial agent for food packaging applications

Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial properties of electrospun polylactide films containing Allium ursinum L. extract

[EN] Novel active films of polylactide (PLA) containing extract of Allium ursinum L. (AU), also called wild garlic, at 10 wt% were succesfully prepared by the electrospinning technology. Electrospinning of the AU-containing PLA solutions yielded fibers in the 1-2 mu m range with a beaded-like morphology, suggesting that the AU extract was mainly encapsulated in certain fiber regions. The resultant electrospun mats were then subjected to annealing at 135 degrees C to obtain continuous films of application interest in active packaging. The film cross-sections revealed that the AU extract was incorporated into the PLA matrix in the form of micro-sized droplets. The thermal properties showed that the AU extract addition plasticized the PLA matrix and also lowered its crystallinity degree as it disrupted the ordering of the PLA chains by hindering their folding into the crystalline lattice. Thermal stability analysis indicated that the natural extract positively contributed to a delay in thermal degradation of the biopolymer and it was thermally stable when encapsulated in the PLA film. The AU extract incorporation also produced a mechanical reinforcement on the electrospun PLA films and improved slightly the water barrier performance. Finally, a significant antimicrobial activity of the electrospun PLA films containing the natural extract was achieved against foodborne bacteria.This paper has been supported by the COST Action FP1405 Active and intelligent fiber-based packaging - innovation and market introduction (ActInPak), FOODStars project Food Product Development Cycle: Frame for stepping Up Research Excellence of FINS (Grant Agreement 692276), the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (MICIU, project AGL2015-63855-C2-1-R) and the EU H2020 project YPACK (reference number 773872). Torres-Giner also acknowledges MICIU for his Juan de la Cierva-Incorporacion contract (IJCI-2016-29675).Radusin, T.; Torres-Giner, S.; Stupar, A.; Ristic, I.; Miletic, A.; Novakovic, A.; Lagaron, JM. (2019). Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial properties of electrospun polylactide films containing Allium ursinum L. extract. Food Packaging and Shelf Life. 21:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100357S1921Barile, E., Bonanomi, G., Antignani, V., Zolfaghari, B., Sajjadi, S. E., Scala, F., & Lanzotti, V. (2007). Saponins from Allium minutiflorum with antifungal activity. Phytochemistry, 68(5), 596-603. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.10.009Belovic, M., Mastilovic, J., & Kevresan, Z. (2014). Change of surface colour parameters during storage of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.). Food and Feed Research, 41(2), 85-92. doi:10.5937/ffr1402085bBenkeblia, N. (2004). Antimicrobial activity of essential oil extracts of various onions (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum). LWT - Food Science and Technology, 37(2), 263-268. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2003.09.001Borges, A., Ferreira, C., Saavedra, M. J., & Simões, M. (2013). Antibacterial Activity and Mode of Action of Ferulic and Gallic Acids Against Pathogenic Bacteria. Microbial Drug Resistance, 19(4), 256-265. doi:10.1089/mdr.2012.0244Braun, B., Dorgan, J. R., & Dec, S. F. (2006). Infrared Spectroscopic Determination of Lactide Concentration in Polylactide:  An Improved Methodology. Macromolecules, 39(26), 9302-9310. doi:10.1021/ma061922aCasasola, R., Thomas, N. L., Trybala, A., & Georgiadou, S. (2014). Electrospun poly lactic acid (PLA) fibres: Effect of different solvent systems on fibre morphology and diameter. Polymer, 55(18), 4728-4737. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2014.06.032Chen, Y., Lin, J., Fei, Y., Wang, H., & Gao, W. (2010). Preparation and characterization of electrospinning PLA/curcumin composite membranes. Fibers and Polymers, 11(8), 1128-1131. doi:10.1007/s12221-010-1128-zCherpinski, A., Torres-Giner, S., Cabedo, L., & Lagaron, J. M. (2017). Post-processing optimization of electrospun submicron poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) fibers to obtain continuous films of interest in food packaging applications. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 34(10), 1817-1830. doi:10.1080/19440049.2017.1355115Cherpinski, A., Torres-Giner, S., Vartiainen, J., Peresin, M. S., Lahtinen, P., & Lagaron, J. M. (2018). Improving the water resistance of nanocellulose-based films with polyhydroxyalkanoates processed by the electrospinning coating technique. Cellulose, 25(2), 1291-1307. doi:10.1007/s10570-018-1648-zCushnie, T. P. T., & Lamb, A. J. (2005). Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 26(5), 343-356. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.09.002Daglia, M. (2012). Polyphenols as antimicrobial agents. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 23(2), 174-181. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2011.08.007Drosou, C. G., Krokida, M. K., & Biliaderis, C. G. (2016). Encapsulation of bioactive compounds through electrospinning/electrospraying and spray drying: A comparative assessment of food-related applications. Drying Technology, 35(2), 139-162. doi:10.1080/07373937.2016.1162797Fernandez, A., Torres-Giner, S., & Lagaron, J. M. (2009). Novel route to stabilization of bioactive antioxidants by encapsulation in electrospun fibers of zein prolamine. Food Hydrocolloids, 23(5), 1427-1432. doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2008.10.011Figueroa-Lopez, K. J., Vicente, A. A., Reis, M. A. M., Torres-Giner, S., & Lagaron, J. M. (2019). Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Performance of Various Essential Oils and Natural Extracts and Their Incorporation into Biowaste Derived Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Layers Made from Electrospun Ultrathin Fibers. Nanomaterials, 9(2), 144. doi:10.3390/nano9020144Gamage, G. R., Park, H.-J., & Kim, K. M. (2009). Effectiveness of antimicrobial coated oriented polypropylene/polyethylene films in sprout packaging. Food Research International, 42(7), 832-839. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2009.03.012Ilić, D., Ristić, I. S., Nikolić, L., Stanković, M., Nikolić, G., Stanojević, L., & Nikolić, V. (2011). Characterization and Release Kinetics of Allylthiosufinate and its Transforments from Poly(d,l-Lactide) Microspheres. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 20(1), 80-87. doi:10.1007/s10924-011-0337-xIvanova, A., Mikhova, B., Najdenski, H., Tsvetkova, I., & Kostova, I. (2009). Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Wild Garlic Allium ursinum of Bulgarian Origin. Natural Product Communications, 4(8), 1934578X0900400. doi:10.1177/1934578x0900400808Jin, G., Prabhakaran, M. P., Kai, D., Annamalai, S. K., Arunachalam, K. D., & Ramakrishna, S. (2013). Tissue engineered plant extracts as nanofibrous wound dressing. Biomaterials, 34(3), 724-734. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.10.026Kayaci, F., Umu, O. C. O., Tekinay, T., & Uyar, T. (2013). Antibacterial Electrospun Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Nanofibrous Webs Incorporating Triclosan/Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61(16), 3901-3908. doi:10.1021/jf400440bKhoddami, A., Wilkes, M., & Roberts, T. (2013). Techniques for Analysis of Plant Phenolic Compounds. Molecules, 18(2), 2328-2375. doi:10.3390/molecules18022328Kriegel, C., Kit, K. M., McClements, D. J., & Weiss, J. (2008). Nanofibers as Carrier Systems for Antimicrobial Microemulsions. Part I: Fabrication and Characterization. Langmuir, 25(2), 1154-1161. doi:10.1021/la803058cKyung, K. H. (2012). Antimicrobial properties of allium species. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 23(2), 142-147. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2011.08.004Llana-Ruiz-Cabello, M., Pichardo, S., Baños, A., Núñez, C., Bermúdez, J. M., Guillamón, E., … Cameán, A. M. (2015). Characterisation and evaluation of PLA films containing an extract of Allium spp. to be used in the packaging of ready-to-eat salads under controlled atmospheres. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 64(2), 1354-1361. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2015.07.057López de Dicastillo, C., Bustos, F., Guarda, A., & Galotto, M. J. (2016). Cross-linked methyl cellulose films with murta fruit extract for antioxidant and antimicrobial active food packaging. Food Hydrocolloids, 60, 335-344. doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.03.020López de Dicastillo, C., Nerín, C., Alfaro, P., Catalá, R., Gavara, R., & Hernández-Muñoz, P. (2011). Development of New Antioxidant Active Packaging Films Based on Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer (EVOH) and Green Tea Extract. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59(14), 7832-7840. doi:10.1021/jf201246gMontava-Jordà, S., Quiles-Carrillo, L., Richart, N., Torres-Giner, S., & Montanes, N. (2019). Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion of Polylactide/Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Walnut Shell Flour Composites by Reactive Extrusion with Maleinized Linseed Oil. Polymers, 11(5), 758. doi:10.3390/polym11050758Pilić,.Pereira, A., Ferreira, I., Marcelino, F., Valentão, P., Andrade, P., Seabra, R., … Pereira, J. (2007). Phenolic Compounds and Antimicrobial Activity of Olive (Olea europaea L. Cv. Cobrançosa) Leaves. Molecules, 12(5), 1153-1162. doi:10.3390/12051153Perry, C. C., Weatherly, M., Beale, T., & Randriamahefa, A. (2009). Atomic force microscopy study of the antimicrobial activity of aqueous garlicversusampicillin againstEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 89(6), 958-964. doi:10.1002/jsfa.3538Quiles-Carrillo, L., Montanes, N., Garcia-Garcia, D., Carbonell-Verdu, A., Balart, R., & Torres-Giner, S. (2018). Effect of different compatibilizers on injection-molded green composite pieces based on polylactide filled with almond shell flour. Composites Part B: Engineering, 147, 76-85. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.04.017Quiles-Carrillo, L., Montanes, N., Sammon, C., Balart, R., & Torres-Giner, S. (2018). Compatibilization of highly sustainable polylactide/almond shell flour composites by reactive extrusion with maleinized linseed oil. Industrial Crops and Products, 111, 878-888. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.10.062Quiles-Carrillo, L., Montanes, N., Lagaron, J. M., Balart, R., & Torres-Giner, S. (2018). In Situ Compatibilization of Biopolymer Ternary Blends by Reactive Extrusion with Low-Functionality Epoxy-Based Styrene–Acrylic Oligomer. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 27(1), 84-96. doi:10.1007/s10924-018-1324-2Radusin, T., Tomšik, A., Šarić, L., Ristić, I., Giacinti Baschetti, M., Minelli, M., & Novaković, A. (2018). Hybrid Pla/wild garlic antimicrobial composite films for food packaging application. Polymer Composites, 40(3), 893-900. doi:10.1002/pc.24755Rauha, J.-P., Remes, S., Heinonen, M., Hopia, A., Kähkönen, M., Kujala, T., … Vuorela, P. (2000). Antimicrobial effects of Finnish plant extracts containing flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 56(1), 3-12. doi:10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00218-xRíos, J. L., & Recio, M. C. (2005). Medicinal plants and antimicrobial activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 100(1-2), 80-84. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.025Sobolewska, D., Podolak, I., & Makowska-Wąs, J. (2013). Allium ursinum: botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(1), 81-97. doi:10.1007/s11101-013-9334-0Su, Y., Zhang, C., Wang, Y., & Li, P. (2011). Antibacterial property and mechanism of a novel Pu-erh tea nanofibrous membrane. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 93(4), 1663-1671. doi:10.1007/s00253-011-3501-2Sun, L., Zhang, C., & Li, P. (2011). Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity, and Mechanism of a High-Performance (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)−CuII/Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Nanofibrous Membrane. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59(9), 5087-5092. doi:10.1021/jf200580tSuppakul, P., Miltz, J., Sonneveld, K., & Bigger, S. W. (2003). Antimicrobial Properties of Basil and Its Possible Application in Food Packaging. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(11), 3197-3207. doi:10.1021/jf021038tTomšik, A., Pavlić, B., Vladić, J., Ramić, M., Brindza, J., & Vidović, S. (2016). Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.). Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 29, 502-511. doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.11.005Tomšik, A., Šarić, L., Bertoni, S., Protti, M., Albertini, B., Mercolini, L., & Passerini, N. (2019). Encapsulations of wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.) extract using spray congealing technology. Food Research International, 119, 941-950. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.081Torres-Giner, S., Gimeno-Alcañiz, J. V., Ocio, M. J., & Lagaron, J. M. (2011). Optimization of electrospun polylactide-based ultrathin fibers for osteoconductive bone scaffolds. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 122(2), 914-925. doi:10.1002/app.34208Torres-Giner, S., Pérez-Masiá, R., & Lagaron, J. M. (2016). A review on electrospun polymer nanostructures as advanced bioactive platforms. Polymer Engineering & Science, 56(5), 500-527. doi:10.1002/pen.24274Torres-Giner, S., Martinez-Abad, A., & Lagaron, J. M. (2014). Zein-based ultrathin fibers containing ceramic nanofillers obtained by electrospinning. II. Mechanical properties, gas barrier, and sustained release capacity of biocide thymol in multilayer polylactide films. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 131(18), n/a-n/a. doi:10.1002/app.40768Torres-Giner, S., Wilkanowicz, S., Melendez-Rodriguez, B., & Lagaron, J. M. (2017). Nanoencapsulation of Aloe vera in Synthetic and Naturally Occurring Polymers by Electrohydrodynamic Processing of Interest in Food Technology and Bioactive Packaging. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 65(22), 4439-4448. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01393Vega-Lugo, A.-C., & Lim, L.-T. (2009). Controlled release of allyl isothiocyanate using soy protein and poly(lactic acid) electrospun fibers. Food Research International, 42(8), 933-940. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2009.05.005Wang, L.-F., & Rhim, J.-W. (2016). Grapefruit seed extract incorporated antimicrobial LDPE and PLA films: Effect of type of polymer matrix. LWT, 74, 338-345. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2016.07.066Yang, F., Xu, C. Y., Kotaki, M., Wang, S., & Ramakrishna, S. (2004). Characterization of neural stem cells on electrospun poly(L-lactic acid) nanofibrous scaffold. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 15(12), 1483-1497. doi:10.1163/1568562042459733Yildirim, S., Röcker, B., Pettersen, M. K., Nilsen-Nygaard, J., Ayhan, Z., Rutkaite, R., … Coma, V. (2017). Active Packaging Applications for Food. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 17(1), 165-199. doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12322Zhu, B., Li, J., He, Y., Yamane, H., Kimura, Y., Nishida, H., & Inoue, Y. (2004). Effect of steric hindrance on hydrogen-bonding interaction between polyesters and natural polyphenol catechin. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 91(6), 3565-3573. doi:10.1002/app.1358

Rozdiely v sebahodnotení študentov v európskej dimenzii

Naša práca je teoreticko výskumného typu. V teoretickej časti sme sa zamerali na sebahodnotenie, zadefinovali sme sebahodnotenie ako také, hlavné aspekty sebahodnotenia a jeho vzniku. Pozornosť sme zamerali na Rosenbergovu škálu sebahodnotenia a výskum D. Schmitta. Vo výskumnej časti sme sa pokúsili zistiť súčasný stav vybraných Európskych krajín v miere sebahodnotenia

Vplyv demogeografického prostredia na motiváciu voľby učiteľského povolania

Práca rieši problematiku motívov voľby povolania študentov učiteľstva Slovenskej republiky. Cieľom práce je identifikovať rozdiely v motivácii voľby povolania vzhľadom na trvalé bydlisko študentov, konkrétne hľadá rozdiely u študentov, ktorí pochádzajú z dediny a vidieckych oblastí a študentov z mesta. Na zisťovanie jednotlivých typov motivácie bol použitý psychodiagnostický nástroj SMVUP2-S, na vzorke 175 študentov učiteľstva prvých ročníkov bakalárskeho stupňa. Štúdia zisťuje signifikantný rozdiel vo vonkajších a altruistických motívoch voľby učiteľského povolania medzi jednotlivými výskumnými skupinami, kde študenti z rurálnych oblastiach dosahujú signifikantne vyššie skóre v porovnaní so študentmi z urbánnych miest

Choosing Teaching as a Career: Importance of the Type of Motivation in Career Choices

This research looks into what are Extrinsic, Intrinsic and Altruistic motives and their importance when students are choosing their career. The study involved 324 teacher trainees in their first year of bachelor studies. The types of motivation when choosing teaching career were studied by SMVUP2-S (Teaching Career Choice Scale). The model of motivation types was supplemented by subscales: Influence by other, Career growth and Alternative choice. Objective of the study was to show the relationship between these variables. Results from the research showed that influence by other and alternative choice of teaching career were in a negative relation with interest and skills/experience that this career requires and students should have

Motívy voľby učiteľského povolania

Výskum zisťuje, ktoré motívy sú dôležité pri výbere učiteľskej profesie. Ďalej poukazuje na dôležitosť školskej úspešnosti na stredných školách ako prediktor vysokoškolskej/akademickej úspešnosti. Do štúdie bolo zahrnutých 173 študentov učiteľstva prvých ročníkov bakalárskeho stupňa Prešovskej univerzity a Univerzity Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre. Motivácia voľby učiteľského povolania bola mapovaná pomocou SMVUP2–S (Škály voľby učiteľského povolania: verzia pre študentov učiteľstva). Výskum identifikoval ako najfrekventovanejšie faktory voľby učiteľskej profesie záujem o prácu s deťmi a mladistvými, vnútornú hodnotu vyučovania, rovnako aj kompetencie a predošlé skúsenosti s vyučovaním. Výsledky výskumu potvrdili, že stredoškolská úspešnosť je dôležitá pri nástupe na štúdium, pretože sa študenti s vyššou školskou úspešnosťou odlišujú vyššou vnútornou a altruistickou motiváciou

Impact of urban development on sustainable mobility

Cilj održive mobilnosti je osiguranje mobilnosti na prvom mjestu u urbanim područjima uz istovremeno racionalno korištenje okoliša, prostora te poboljšanje kvalitete života stanovnika na određenim područjima. Treba napomenuti kako je prometni sustav jedan od ključnih elemenata funkcioniranja i razvoja gradova. Planovi održive mobilnosti u hrvatskim gradovima u skladu su s prometnom politikom Europske Unije iz 2009. godine, a usvojena je i Strategija 2020 po kojoj gradovi (bez obzira koliko imaju stanovnika) imaju ključnu ulogu u izradi i realizaciji plana održive mobilnosti. Sadržaj rada podijeljen je u nekoliko glavnih poglavlja u kojima će biti riječ o urbanoj mobilnosti na području Europske Unije te u Republici Hrvatskoj. Analizirat će se primjena planova održive mobilnosti te će se nastojati objasniti koliko je zaista dobar plan održive mogućnosti bitan u životu svih nas.The goal of sustainable mobility is to ensure mobility in the first place in urban areas with the rational use of the environment and space, as well as to improve the quality of life of residents in certain areas. It should be noted that one of the key elements of the functioning and development of cities is the transport system. Plans of sustainable mobility in Croatian cities are in line with the European Union's transport policy of 2009, and a 2020 Strategy has been adopted whereby cities (no matter how many inhabitants) have a key role in the design and implementation of sustainable mobility plans. The content of this thesis is divided into several main chapters on urban mobility in the European Union and in the Republic of Croatia. The implementation of the plans for sustainable mobility will be analysed and we will try to explain how important a good sustainable mobility plan is for the benefit of us all