4,816 research outputs found
Globular Cluster Populations in Four Early-Type Poststarburst Galaxies
We present a study of the globular cluster systems of four early-type
poststarburst galaxies using deep g and I-band images from the ACS camera
aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). All the galaxies feature shells
distributed around their main bodies and are thus likely merger remnants. The
color distribution of the globular clusters in all four galaxies shows a broad
peak centered on g-I ~ 1.4, while PGC 6240 and PGC 42871 show a significant
number of globular clusters with g-I ~ 1.0. The latter globular clusters are
interpreted as being of age ~ 500 Myr and likely having been formed in the
merger. The color of the redder peak is consistent with that expected for an
old metal-poor population that is very commonly found around normal galaxies.
However, all galaxies except PGC 10922 contain several globular clusters that
are significantly brighter than the maximum luminosity expected of a single old
metal-poor population. To test for multiple-age populations of overlapping g-I
color, we model the luminosity functions of the globular clusters as composites
of an old metal-poor subpopulation with a range of plausible specific
frequencies and an intermediate-age subpopulation of solar metallicity. We find
that three of the four sample galaxies show evidence for the presence of an
intermediate-age (~ 1 Gyr) globular cluster population, in addition to the old
metal-poor GC population seen in normal early-type galaxies. None of the
galaxies show a significant population of clusters consistent with an old,
metal-rich red cluster population that is typically seen in early-type
galaxies.Comment: 41 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in AJ. Some figues
have been downgraded to reduce their size
Imaging of the Shell Galaxies NGC 474 and NGC 7600, and Implications for their Formation
We present photometric observations of two shell galaxies, NGC 474 and NGC
7600. We examine the photometric colours and surface brightnesses of the shells
and their host galaxies, and the isophotal parameters of each galaxy. In the
case of NGC 474, we find that the shell formation is consistent with a merger
origin although it is possible that the close companion NGC 470 is contributing
to the shell system via mass transfer. NGC 7600 exhibits shell geometry and
colours which also favour a merger origin.Comment: Accepted by MNRA
Unpacking cohort social ties: the appropriateness of perceived social capital to graduate early career performance in construction project teams
Construction project teams require social capital. When present in appropriate forms, it creates the social cohesion through which individuals accept project goals as their own. It lets team members share knowledge when present and reveal when it is missing. In education, social learning helps students appreciate the need for social capital appropriate to team performance. In practice, social capital enables the project team learning that overcomes project-specific challenges. Despite this importance, little is known about how students perceive social capital or the compatibility of that understanding with construction project needs.
To characterise this aspect of ‘graduateness’, collective understanding of social capital was elicited from construction students in a Scottish university by free recall. Analysis was structured around four dimensions of social capital: cohesion, legitimacy & authenticity, sharing, and safety. Notions of friendship were found to dominate student understanding of the social capital even though this understanding derived from settings where the need for capital to support team performance is emphasised. The potential for misalignment between the capital that graduating students bring into practice with that required by project teams was apparent. The case for further investigation of this influence on early career development was established
Vortex in a weakly relativistic Bose gas at zero temperature and relativistic fluid approximation
The Bogoliubov procedure in quantum field theory is used to describe a
relativistic almost ideal Bose gas at zero temperature. Special attention is
given to the study of a vortex. The radius of the vortex in the field
description is compared to that obtained in the relativistic fluid
approximation. The Kelvin waves are studied and, for long wavelengths, the
dispersion relation is obtained by an asymptotic matching method and compared
with the non relativistic result.Comment: 20 page
Understanding the role of performance targets in transport policy
The measurement of performance in the public sector has become increasingly important in recent years and it is now commonplace for transport organisations, and local and national governments, to publish performance goals for service supply and quality. Such commitments, when time referenced, are known as targets. This paper explain how changes in management style, consumer rights legislation, contractual obligations and other factors have combined to make management-by targets increasingly common in the public sector. The advantages and disadvantages of management-by-targets are illustrated through discussion of the processes and experience of setting transport targets in UK national transport policy. We conclude that while some of the targets have had a significant impact on policy makers, managers and their agents, the effects have not always been as intended
Motion of Quantized Vortices as Elementary Objects
The general local, nondissipative equations of motion for a quantized vortex
moving in an uncharged laboratory superfluid are derived from a relativistic,
co-ordinate invariant framework, having vortices as its elementary objects in
the form of stable topological excitations. This derivation is carried out for
a pure superfluid with isotropic gap at the absolute zero of temperature, on
the level of a hydrodynamic, collective co-ordinate description. In the
formalism, we use as fundamental ingredients that particle number as well as
vorticity are conserved, and that the fluid is perfect. No assumptions are
involved as regards the dynamical behaviour of the order parameter. The
interaction of the vortex with the background fluid, representing the Magnus
force, and with itself via phonons, giving rise to the hydrodynamic vortex
mass, are separated. For a description of the motion of the vortex in a dense
laboratory superfluid like helium II, two limits have to be considered: The
nonrelativistic limit for the superfluid background is taken, and the motion of
the vortex is restricted to velocities much less than the speed of sound. The
canonical structure of vortex motion in terms of the collective co-ordinate is
used for the quantization of this motion.Comment: 25 pages, 4 figures, published versio
HST/ACS observations of shell galaxies: inner shells, shell colours and dust
AIM:Learn more about the origin of shells and dust in early type galaxies.
METHOD: V-I colours of shells and underlying galaxies are derived, using HST
Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) data. A galaxy model is made locally in
wedges and subtracted to determine shell profiles and colours. We applied
Voronoi binning to our data to get smoothed colour maps of the galaxies.
Comparison with N-body simulations from the literature gives more insight to
the origin of the shell features. Shell positions and dust characteristics are
inferred from model galaxy subtracted images. RESULT: The ACS images reveal
shells well within the effective radius in some galaxies (at 1.7 kpc in the
case of NGC 5982). In some cases, strong nuclear dust patches prevent detection
of inner shells. Most shells have colours which are similar to the underlying
galaxy. Some inner shells are redder than the galaxy. All six shell galaxies
show out of dynamical equilibrium dust features, like lanes or patches, in
their central regions. Our detection rate for dust in the shell ellipticals is
greater than that found from HST archive data for a sample of normal early-type
galaxies, at the 95% confidence level. CONCLUSIONS: The merger model describes
better the shell distributions and morphologies than the interaction model. Red
shell colours are most likely due to the presence of dust and/or older stellar
populations. The high prevalence and out of dynamical equilibrium morphologies
of the central dust features point towards external influences being
responsible for visible dust features in early type shell galaxies. Inner
shells are able to manifest themselves in relatively old shell systems.Comment: accepted by A&A; 36 Figures, 25 pages. A version with full resolution
Figures can be found here: http://www.astro.rug.nl/~sikkema/shells.p
The shell elliptical NGC2865: evolutionary population synthesis of a kinematically distinct core
We report on the discovery of a rapidly co-rotating stellar and gas component
in the nucleus of the shell elliptical NGC2865. The stellar component extends ~
0.51/h100 kpc along the major axis, and shows depressed velocity dispersion and
absorption line profiles skewed in the opposite sense to the mean velocity.
Associated with it is a young stellar population with enhanced \hbeta, lowered
Mg and same Fe indices relative to the underlying elliptical. Its recent star
formation history is constrained by considering ``bulge+burst'' models under 4
physically motivated scenarios, using evolutionary population synthesis.
Scenarios in which the nuclear component is formed over a Hubble time or
recently from continuous gas inflow are ruled out.
Our results argue for a gas-rich accretion or merger origin for the shells
and kinematic subcomponent in NGC2865. Arguments based on stellar populations
and gas dynamics suggest that one of the progenitors is likely a Sb or Sc
spiral. We demonstrate that despite the age and metallicity degeneracy of the
underlying elliptical, the age and metallicity of the kinematic subcomponent
can be constrained. This work strengthens the link between KDCs and shells, and
demonstrates that a KDC can be formed from a late merger.Comment: 26 pages, accepted for publication in MNRA
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