86 research outputs found
The effect of short-duration sub-maximal cycling on balance in single-limb stance in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury: a cross-sectional study
BACKGROUND: It has previously been shown that an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury may lead to impaired postural control, and that the ability to maintain postural control is decreased by fatigue in healthy subjects. To our knowledge, no studies have reported the effect of fatigue on postural control in subjects with ACL injury. This study was aimed at examining the effect of fatigue on balance in single-limb stance in subjects with ACL injury, and to compare the effects, and the ability to maintain balance, with that of a control group of uninjured subjects. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with unilateral, non-operated, non-acute ACL injury, and 24 uninjured subjects were examined with stabilometry before (pre-exercise) and immediately after (post-exercise) short-duration, sub-maximal cycling. In addition, the post-exercise measurements were compared, to evaluate the instantaneous ability to maintain balance and any possible recovery. The amplitude and average speed of center of pressure movements were registered in the frontal and sagittal planes. The paired t-test was used for the intra-group comparisons, and the independent t-test for the inter-group comparisons, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: No differences were found in the effects of exercise between the patients and the controls. Analysis of the post-exercise measurements revealed greater effects or a tendency towards greater effects on the injured leg than in the control group. The average speed was lower among the patients than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study showed no differences in the effects of exercise between the patients and the controls. However, the patients seemed to react differently regarding ability to maintain balance in single-limb stance directly after exercise than the control group. The lower average speed among the patients may be an expression of different neuromuscular adaptive strategies than in uninjured subjects
Measurements of knee rotation-reliability of an external device in vivo
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Knee rotation plays an important part in knee kinematics during weight-bearing activities. An external device for measuring knee rotation (the Rottometer) has previously been evaluated for validity by simultaneous measurements of skeletal movements with Roentgen Stereometric Analysis (RSA). The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of the device.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>The within-day and test-retest reliability as well as intertester reliability of the device in vivo was calculated. Torques of 3, 6 and 9 Nm and the examiner's apprehension of end-feel were used at 90°, 60° and 30° of knee flexion. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient <sub>2,1 </sub>(ICC <sub>2,1</sub>), 95% confidence interval (CI) of ICC and 95% CI between test trials and examiners were used as statistical tests.</p> <p>Result</p> <p>ICC<sub>2,1 </sub>ranged from 0.50 to 0.94 at all three flexion angles at 6 and 9 Nm as well as end-feel, and from 0.22 to 0.75 at 3 Nm applied torque.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The Rottometer was a reliable measurement instrument concerning knee rotation at the three different flexion angles (90°, 60° and 30°) with 6 and 9 Nm applied torques as well as the examiner's apprehension of end-feel. Three Nm was not a reliable torque. The most reliable measurements were made at 9 Nm applied torque.</p
IKT för att motivera lÀrande
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En av lÀrarens viktigaste uppgifter Àr att motivera sina elever. Vad vi vill undersöka i denna
uppsats Àr huruvida ett mer utbrett anvÀndande av digitala lÀromedel kan bidra till att
motivera och skapa ett intresse hos eleverna. Vad krÀvs i sÄ fall av dessa lÀromedel nÀr det
gÀller sÄvÀl motiverande kvaliteter som anknytning till skolans kursmÄl? För att fÄ svar pÄ
detta har vi, med hjÀlp av en kvalitativ metod, analyserat ett antal e-lÀromedel som vi har
fÄtt tillgÄng till genom dels lÀromedelsföretaget Liber och dels frÄn Skolverkets hemsida.
Det verktyg vi anvÀnt oss av för att svara pÄ om ett e-lÀromedel kan anses motiverande Àr
sex kriterier för teknikstött lÀrande ur boken Lusten att förstÄ (010) av Peter GÀrdenfors.
Vi har dessutom valt ut nÄgra av kursplanens strÀvansmÄl för att se om lÀromedlen anknyter
till dessa. De lÀromedel vi analyserat skiljer sig Ät i hög grad, framförallt betrÀffande
utbudet av övningar och övrigt material. Det mest varierande och omfÄngsrika e-lÀromedlet
Liber espresso innehÄller sÄvÀl enklare övningar som ett enormt utbud av filmklipp och
artiklar som man kan jobba med pÄ olika sÀtt. De resultat vi kommit fram till visar att ett
mer utbrett anvÀndande av digitala lÀromedel skulle kunna fungera bÄde motiverande och
kursmÄlsuppfyllande under vissa förutsÀttningar. Den viktigaste förutsÀttningen Àr lÀrarens
kompetens bÄde nÀr det gÀller att vÀlja lÀromedel och hur de ska anvÀndas. HÀr Àr det
viktigt att lÀraren utgÄr frÄn elevernas erfarenheter och intressen, men ocksÄ att lÀromedlen
uppfyller kursmĂ„len. Ăven om digitala lĂ€romedel till stor del kan underlĂ€tta för bĂ„de lĂ€rare
och elever vill vi dock understryka att lÀrarens roll Àr minst lika viktig i ett klassrum dÀr en
stor del av undervisningen bedrivs med hjÀlp av IKT som i ett klassrum dÀr traditionell
katederundervisning gÀller. Kanske Àr den till och med Ànnu viktigare med tanke pÄ de faror
som lurar pÄ Internet
Normalized motor function but impaired sensory function after unilateral non-reconstructed ACL injury: patients compared with uninjured controls.
Improvement in motor function after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is achieved by appropriate rehabilitation. However, it has been questioned whether training after injury can lead to sensory improvement. We hypothesized that motor function can be restored after unilateral non-reconstructed ACL injury, whereas the sensory function cannot, i.e., there would be no difference in functional performance or knee muscle strength between subjects with ACL injury and uninjured controls, but the subjects with ACL injury would have poorer kinesthesia than the uninjured controls. This is a Cross-Sectional Study, wherein 56 (20 women and 36 men) individuals with unilateral non-reconstructed ACL injury were assessed at a mean of 15 years (SD 1.4 years) after the initial injury. All patients initially underwent rehabilitation and were advised to modify their activity level, in order to cope with the ACL insufficiency. At 15 years, they had good subjective function and acceptable activity level. Twenty-eight (14 women and 14 men) uninjured subjects served as controls. Patients and controls were assessed with the one-leg hop test for distance, isometric and isokinetic knee muscle strength, and kinesthesia (the threshold to detection of passive motion). The individuals with ACL injury had the same or better functional performance, measured by the one-leg hop test for distance, and knee muscle strength compared with the uninjured controls. Kinesthesia was poorer in the patient group than in the control group. The results indicate that motor function can be restored but that the sensory function is persistently disturbed after ACL injury
But the smart board, we can afford : A study on pedagogues approach to interactive whiteboards opportunity to contribute to learning in school
BakgrundStorbritannien var ett av de första lĂ€nderna i vĂ€rlden som började anvĂ€nda smartboards (interaktiva skrivtavlor) i större skala. Ă
r 2003 gjorde staten i Storbritannien en stor satsning att köpa in interaktiva skrivtavlor till alla klassrum frÄn förskoleklass till Ärskurs fem. Sverige har inte kommit lÄngt nÀr det gÀller att fÄ in interaktiva skrivtavlor i klassrummen. Det har gjorts fÄ undersökningar i Sverige eftersom det fortfarande Àr sÄ nytt.SyfteSyftet Àr att undersöka pedagogers syn pÄ smartboards möjlighet som bidrag för lÀrande i skolan.MetodI vÄr undersökning har vi anvÀnt oss av en kvalitativ metod. Undersökningen bygger pÄ nio intervjuade pedagoger frÄn förskoleklass till Ärskurs sex. Data samlades in via intervjuer. Vi analyserade insamlat datamaterial som bidrog till följande resultat som presenteras hÀr.ResultatInnehÄller: Smartboarden som lÀrarstöd, elevstöd, lustfyllt lÀrande, delaktighet/interaktion och pedagogiska hinder. Pedagogerna anser att smartborden ofta Àr ett lÀrarstöd och elevstöd. Det Àr en stor variation angÄende tidsaspekten (tid till förberedelse) men respondenterna vill ha det som ett visningsinstrument. Artefakten ökar motivationen hos elever och det kan bli ett lustfyllt lÀrande om pedagoger anvÀnder det pÄ ett rÀtt sÀtt. Interaktionen mellan elev, lÀrare och smartboard kan vara gynnsamt om det anvÀnds för sitt interaktiva ÀndamÄl. Pedagogiska hinder finns och ett Àr kunskapströskeln att pedagoger inte kan tillrÀckligt om interaktiva whiteboards som framgÄr relativt tydligt i denna undersökning. Pedagoger bör ha en öppen instÀllning till ny teknik och nya pedagogiska sÀtt att lÀra ut.Program: LÀrarutbildninge
Clinical measurements of proprioception, muscle strength and laxity in relation to function in the ACL-injured knee.
A knee injury with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture may cause deficits in proprioception, increased laxity and decreased muscle strength. Although it may be common knowledge that these factors affect knee function, only a few studies have been performed where this has been investigated in the clinical situation, and the results are not conclusive. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate how and to what extent proprioception, laxity and strength affect knee joint function and evaluate if the methods commonly used for estimating these factors clinically seem to be relevant. The study encompassed 36 patients with ACL deficiency. A single-leg hop test for distance and subjective rating of knee function were defined as dependent variables and analyzed separately in stepwise linear regression models where proprioception, knee joint laxity, hamstrings and quadriceps strength, age and sex were defined as independent variables. Higher threshold values (poorer proprioception), increased side-to-side difference of anterior laxity and poorer strength significantly predicted shorter length of the hop test. Higher rating of subjective function corresponded to female gender, lesser side-to-side difference of anterior laxity and better proprioception
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