Spatiotemporal evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta variants during large nationwide outbreak of COVID-19, Vietnam, 2021

We analyzed 1,303 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences from Vietnam, and found the Alpha and Delta variants were responsible for a large nationwide outbreak of COVID-19 in 2021. The Delta variant was confined to the AY.57 lineage and caused >1.7 million infections and >32,000 deaths. Viral transmission was strongly affected by nonpharmaceutical interventions

Awareness and preparedness of healthcare workers against the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey across 57 countries.

BACKGROUND: Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, there have been concerns related to the preparedness of healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to describe the level of awareness and preparedness of hospital HCWs at the time of the first wave. METHODS: This multinational, multicenter, cross-sectional survey was conducted among hospital HCWs from February to May 2020. We used a hierarchical logistic regression multivariate analysis to adjust the influence of variables based on awareness and preparedness. We then used association rule mining to identify relationships between HCW confidence in handling suspected COVID-19 patients and prior COVID-19 case-management training. RESULTS: We surveyed 24,653 HCWs from 371 hospitals across 57 countries and received 17,302 responses from 70.2% HCWs overall. The median COVID-19 preparedness score was 11.0 (interquartile range [IQR] = 6.0-14.0) and the median awareness score was 29.6 (IQR = 26.6-32.6). HCWs at COVID-19 designated facilities with previous outbreak experience, or HCWs who were trained for dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, had significantly higher levels of preparedness and awareness (p<0.001). Association rule mining suggests that nurses and doctors who had a 'great-extent-of-confidence' in handling suspected COVID-19 patients had participated in COVID-19 training courses. Male participants (mean difference = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.46; p<0.001) and nurses (mean difference = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.53, 0.81; p<0.001) had higher preparedness scores compared to women participants and doctors. INTERPRETATION: There was an unsurprising high level of awareness and preparedness among HCWs who participated in COVID-19 training courses. However, disparity existed along the lines of gender and type of HCW. It is unknown whether the difference in COVID-19 preparedness that we detected early in the pandemic may have translated into disproportionate SARS-CoV-2 burden of disease by gender or HCW type

Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Trials of fluoxetine for recovery after stroke report conflicting results. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) trial aimed to show if daily oral fluoxetine for 6 months after stroke improves functional outcome in an ethnically diverse population. Methods AFFINITY was a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (four), and Vietnam (ten). Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke in the previous 2–15 days, brain imaging consistent with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and a persisting neurological deficit that produced a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or more. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm to once daily, oral fluoxetine 20 mg capsules or matching placebo for 6 months. Patients, carers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was functional status, measured by the mRS, at 6 months. The primary analysis was an ordinal logistic regression of the mRS at 6 months, adjusted for minimisation variables. Primary and safety analyses were done according to the patient's treatment allocation. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921. Findings Between Jan 11, 2013, and June 30, 2019, 1280 patients were recruited in Australia (n=532), New Zealand (n=42), and Vietnam (n=706), of whom 642 were randomly assigned to fluoxetine and 638 were randomly assigned to placebo. Mean duration of trial treatment was 167 days (SD 48·1). At 6 months, mRS data were available in 624 (97%) patients in the fluoxetine group and 632 (99%) in the placebo group. The distribution of mRS categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio 0·94, 95% CI 0·76–1·15; p=0·53). Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the fluoxetine group had more falls (20 [3%] vs seven [1%]; p=0·018), bone fractures (19 [3%] vs six [1%]; p=0·014), and epileptic seizures (ten [2%] vs two [<1%]; p=0·038) at 6 months. Interpretation Oral fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome and increased the risk of falls, bone fractures, and epileptic seizures. These results do not support the use of fluoxetine to improve functional outcome after stroke

Optimisation des propriétés émissives du BODIPY en phase condensée par modulation de la nature des substituants

Fluorescence properties of Boron DIPYromethene derivatives (BODIPY) bearing bulky moieties are studied in condensed state in order to frame the nature of the substituents that would give the best emission efficiency. 3,5-bis-adamantane 8-mesityl BODIPY derivative shows a preponderant formation of H aggregates as well as J dimers, which fluorescence quantum yield is up to only about 5 times less than the monomer. Spectroscopic properties in solid state have also been studied on a set of four BODIPY derivatives substituted by [2.2]paracyclophane (PcP) on positions 3 and 5 on one hand, respectively H, methyl, ethyl and propyl on positions 2 and 6 on the other hand (BODIPY H-, Alkyl-PcP). BODIPY H-PcP shows aggregation preferentially in H type whereas substitution by an alkyl chain in position 2 and 6 favours the formation of J aggregates. The longer is the alkyl chain the more the BODIPY derivative emits, according to the measurement of relative quantum yield and the analysis of fluorescence lifetime imaging data. Both BODIPY Et-PcP and Pr-PcP show better emission efficiency than a non hindered BODIPY derivative. Preliminary work on derivatives bearing benzothiophene and p-Bromo-bisphenyl moieties on positions 3 and 5 supports the conclusion that unsaturated and planar substituents do not necessarily lead to more &#960--&#960- stacking, responsible for fluorescence quenching in solid state, compared to alkyl substituents or unsaturated and spherical substituents (Ad, PcP). Particles have also been obtained through two different approaches : the first one consists in fonctionnalizing aza-BODIPY derivatives on polystyrene beads in order to build a pH sensor - in the second one, a BODIPY derivative is polymerized according to RAFT method to give an amphiphilic polymer which is then reorganized into micelles. Those particles can be easily post-functionnalized to give a broad range of sensors.Une investigation des propriétés d’émission de fluorescence à l’état condensé a été effectuée sur des dérivés encombrés du Boron DIPYrromethene (BODIPY). L’objectif est de déterminer la nature de l’encombrement stérique afin d’optimiser l’efficacité d’émission en minimisant les interactions intermoléculaires. L’étude en films de PMMA du 3,5-di-adamantane, 8-mésityle BODIPY a mis en évidence la formation prépondérante d’agrégats H et celle de dimères J, dont le rendement quantique de fluorescence n’est diminué que d’un facteur 5 par rapport à la molécule non agrégée. Une deuxième étude spectroscopique en films évaporés a également été effectuée sur une série de quatre dérivés substitués sur les positions 3 et 5 par des groupements [2.2]paracyclophane et sur les positions 2 et 6 par les groupements respectifs : propyle, éthyle, méthyle et H (BODIPY H-, Alkyl-PcP). L’absence de substitution sur les positions 2 et 6 favorise la formation des agrégats H tandis que la présence d’une chaîne alkyle conduit à la formation prépondérante d’agrégats J. La mesure des rendements quantiques relatifs ainsi que l’analyse des images de fluorescence résolues en temps démontrent une augmentation de l’efficacité d’émission et de la durée de vie de fluorescence de la phase solide lorsque la chaîne alkyle s’allonge. Les composés BODIPY Et-PcP et Pr-PcP présentent tous deux une émission de fluorescence supérieure à un dérivé non encombré. Enfin, une étude préliminaire des phases solides de dérivés BODIPY substitués par des groupements insaturés planaires (benzothiophène, p-bromo-diphényle) a été menée afin d’étudier l’influence de la géométrie des substituants. La synthèse de l’ensemble des résultats permet de conclure que les substituants insaturés planaires ne conduisent pas systématiquement à une perte du rendement quantique de fluorescence à l’état solide, en comparaison aux substituants saturés et insaturés sphériques. Deux méthodes d’élaboration de particules ont été explorées : la première consiste à greffer des dérivés d’aza-BODIPY sur des billes de polystyrène afin d’obtenir des particules sondes de pH - la deuxième approche repose sur la polymérisation d’un dérivé BODIPY selon la méthode RAFT suivie de la formulation du polymère amphiphile obtenu en micelles de taille nanométrique. Ces particules offrent la possibilité d’une post-fonctionnalisation permettant d’élaborer des capteurs

Optimization of the fluorescence properties of BODIPY derivatives by tuning the nature of the substituants

Une investigation des propriétés d’émission de fluorescence à l’état condensé a été effectuée sur des dérivés encombrés du Boron DIPYrromethene (BODIPY). L’objectif est de déterminer la nature de l’encombrement stérique afin d’optimiser l’efficacité d’émission en minimisant les interactions intermoléculaires. L’étude en films de PMMA du 3,5-di-adamantane, 8-mésityle BODIPY a mis en évidence la formation prépondérante d’agrégats H et celle de dimères J, dont le rendement quantique de fluorescence n’est diminué que d’un facteur 5 par rapport à la molécule non agrégée. Une deuxième étude spectroscopique en films évaporés a également été effectuée sur une série de quatre dérivés substitués sur les positions 3 et 5 par des groupements [2.2]paracyclophane et sur les positions 2 et 6 par les groupements respectifs : propyle, éthyle, méthyle et H (BODIPY H-, Alkyl-PcP). L’absence de substitution sur les positions 2 et 6 favorise la formation des agrégats H tandis que la présence d’une chaîne alkyle conduit à la formation prépondérante d’agrégats J. La mesure des rendements quantiques relatifs ainsi que l’analyse des images de fluorescence résolues en temps démontrent une augmentation de l’efficacité d’émission et de la durée de vie de fluorescence de la phase solide lorsque la chaîne alkyle s’allonge. Les composés BODIPY Et-PcP et Pr-PcP présentent tous deux une émission de fluorescence supérieure à un dérivé non encombré. Enfin, une étude préliminaire des phases solides de dérivés BODIPY substitués par des groupements insaturés planaires (benzothiophène, p-bromo-diphényle) a été menée afin d’étudier l’influence de la géométrie des substituants. La synthèse de l’ensemble des résultats permet de conclure que les substituants insaturés planaires ne conduisent pas systématiquement à une perte du rendement quantique de fluorescence à l’état solide, en comparaison aux substituants saturés et insaturés sphériques. Deux méthodes d’élaboration de particules ont été explorées : la première consiste à greffer des dérivés d’aza-BODIPY sur des billes de polystyrène afin d’obtenir des particules sondes de pH - la deuxième approche repose sur la polymérisation d’un dérivé BODIPY selon la méthode RAFT suivie de la formulation du polymère amphiphile obtenu en micelles de taille nanométrique. Ces particules offrent la possibilité d’une post-fonctionnalisation permettant d’élaborer des capteurs.Fluorescence properties of Boron DIPYromethene derivatives (BODIPY) bearing bulky moieties are studied in condensed state in order to frame the nature of the substituents that would give the best emission efficiency. 3,5-bis-adamantane 8-mesityl BODIPY derivative shows a preponderant formation of H aggregates as well as J dimers, which fluorescence quantum yield is up to only about 5 times less than the monomer. Spectroscopic properties in solid state have also been studied on a set of four BODIPY derivatives substituted by [2.2]paracyclophane (PcP) on positions 3 and 5 on one hand, respectively H, methyl, ethyl and propyl on positions 2 and 6 on the other hand (BODIPY H-, Alkyl-PcP). BODIPY H-PcP shows aggregation preferentially in H type whereas substitution by an alkyl chain in position 2 and 6 favours the formation of J aggregates. The longer is the alkyl chain the more the BODIPY derivative emits, according to the measurement of relative quantum yield and the analysis of fluorescence lifetime imaging data. Both BODIPY Et-PcP and Pr-PcP show better emission efficiency than a non hindered BODIPY derivative. Preliminary work on derivatives bearing benzothiophene and p-Bromo-bisphenyl moieties on positions 3 and 5 supports the conclusion that unsaturated and planar substituents do not necessarily lead to more &#960--&#960- stacking, responsible for fluorescence quenching in solid state, compared to alkyl substituents or unsaturated and spherical substituents (Ad, PcP). Particles have also been obtained through two different approaches : the first one consists in fonctionnalizing aza-BODIPY derivatives on polystyrene beads in order to build a pH sensor - in the second one, a BODIPY derivative is polymerized according to RAFT method to give an amphiphilic polymer which is then reorganized into micelles. Those particles can be easily post-functionnalized to give a broad range of sensors

Testning och optimering av Unicorn Fluid-Structure Interaction lösare för att simulera ett industriellt problem

In industry applications, such as power supply plants, the issue of interaction between fluid and structure is always presented. More precisely, the fluid flow affects the structure by applying force(s) on it and vice versa. As a result, the structure can move (vibrate) or deform. A good understanding of this problem can help to design the system in term of safety, stability and efficiency. This project aims to optimize and test the Unicorn FSI solver from the FEniCS project [1] to simulate the interaction of fluid and structure in an experiment, which was carried out at Vattenfall Research and Development. The target is to improve the Unicorn FSI solver to cope with a real industrial problem. Moreover, some results of the simulation can be used as a tool to predict the behavior of a system under the effect of fluid flowI industriapplikationer, såsom kraftverk, är frågan om samspelet mellan fluid och struktur alltid närvarande. Närmare bestämt påverkar fluiden kraftverkets struktur genom att applicera en kraft på det och vice versa. Som ett resultat av fluidens kraftpåverkan, kan kraftverkets struktur vibrera eller deformeras. En god förståelse för detta FSI problem kan bidra till att utforma system ifråga om säkerhet, stabilitet och effektivitet. Detta projekt syftar till att optimera och testa Unicorn FSI lösaren från FEniCS projektet. Denna FSI lösare ska därefter användas till att simulera samspelet mellan vätska och struktur i ett experiment, som utförts på Vattenfalls forsknings och utvecklingsavdeling. Målet är att förbättra Unicorn FSI-lösaren för att klara av ett verkligt industriellt problem. Dessutom kan vissa resultaten av simuleringen användas som ett verktyg för att förutsäga beteendet hos ett system under inverkan av en fluid

Optimisation des propriétés émissives du BODIPY en phase condensée par modulation de la nature des substituants

Une investigation des propriétés d émission de fluorescence à l état condensé a été effectuée sur des dérivés encombrés du Boron DIPYrromethene (BODIPY). L objectif est de déterminer la nature de l encombrement stérique afin d optimiser l efficacité d émission en minimisant les interactions intermoléculaires. L étude en films de PMMA du 3,5-di-adamantane, 8-mésityle BODIPY a mis en évidence la formation prépondérante d agrégats H et celle de dimères J, dont le rendement quantique de fluorescence n est diminué que d un facteur 5 par rapport à la molécule non agrégée. Une deuxième étude spectroscopique en films évaporés a également été effectuée sur une série de quatre dérivés substitués sur les positions 3 et 5 par des groupements [2.2]paracyclophane et sur les positions 2 et 6 par les groupements respectifs : propyle, éthyle, méthyle et H (BODIPY H-, Alkyl-PcP). L absence de substitution sur les positions 2 et 6 favorise la formation des agrégats H tandis que la présence d une chaîne alkyle conduit à la formation prépondérante d agrégats J. La mesure des rendements quantiques relatifs ainsi que l analyse des images de fluorescence résolues en temps démontrent une augmentation de l efficacité d émission et de la durée de vie de fluorescence de la phase solide lorsque la chaîne alkyle s allonge. Les composés BODIPY Et-PcP et Pr-PcP présentent tous deux une émission de fluorescence supérieure à un dérivé non encombré. Enfin, une étude préliminaire des phases solides de dérivés BODIPY substitués par des groupements insaturés planaires (benzothiophène, p-bromo-diphényle) a été menée afin d étudier l influence de la géométrie des substituants. La synthèse de l ensemble des résultats permet de conclure que les substituants insaturés planaires ne conduisent pas systématiquement à une perte du rendement quantique de fluorescence à l état solide, en comparaison aux substituants saturés et insaturés sphériques. Deux méthodes d élaboration de particules ont été explorées : la première consiste à greffer des dérivés d aza-BODIPY sur des billes de polystyrène afin d obtenir des particules sondes de pH - la deuxième approche repose sur la polymérisation d un dérivé BODIPY selon la méthode RAFT suivie de la formulation du polymère amphiphile obtenu en micelles de taille nanométrique. Ces particules offrent la possibilité d une post-fonctionnalisation permettant d élaborer des capteurs.Fluorescence properties of Boron DIPYromethene derivatives (BODIPY) bearing bulky moieties are studied in condensed state in order to frame the nature of the substituents that would give the best emission efficiency. 3,5-bis-adamantane 8-mesityl BODIPY derivative shows a preponderant formation of H aggregates as well as J dimers, which fluorescence quantum yield is up to only about 5 times less than the monomer. Spectroscopic properties in solid state have also been studied on a set of four BODIPY derivatives substituted by [2.2]paracyclophane (PcP) on positions 3 and 5 on one hand, respectively H, methyl, ethyl and propyl on positions 2 and 6 on the other hand (BODIPY H-, Alkyl-PcP). BODIPY H-PcP shows aggregation preferentially in H type whereas substitution by an alkyl chain in position 2 and 6 favours the formation of J aggregates. The longer is the alkyl chain the more the BODIPY derivative emits, according to the measurement of relative quantum yield and the analysis of fluorescence lifetime imaging data. Both BODIPY Et-PcP and Pr-PcP show better emission efficiency than a non hindered BODIPY derivative. Preliminary work on derivatives bearing benzothiophene and p-Bromo-bisphenyl moieties on positions 3 and 5 supports the conclusion that unsaturated and planar substituents do not necessarily lead to more &#960-&#960- stacking, responsible for fluorescence quenching in solid state, compared to alkyl substituents or unsaturated and spherical substituents (Ad, PcP). Particles have also been obtained through two different approaches : the first one consists in fonctionnalizing aza-BODIPY derivatives on polystyrene beads in order to build a pH sensor - in the second one, a BODIPY derivative is polymerized according to RAFT method to give an amphiphilic polymer which is then reorganized into micelles. Those particles can be easily post-functionnalized to give a broad range of sensors.CACHAN-ENS (940162301) / SudocSudocFranceF

IMPACT OF PROCESSING AND FREEZING STORAGE CONDITIONS ON SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TRA FISH BALLS (Pangasius hypophthalmus).

The present study attempts to investigate the effects of time and temperature during blanching on the changes in physicochemical properties such as texture, brightness, and total bacterial count (TBC). The content of protein, fat, moisture, and pH of input materials (Tra fish) after the processing stages was also investigated. The product was preserved by freezing at -40 °C for 42 days and applied blanching/steaming conditions. The results showed that the blanching method is recommended for the product cooked stage at 90 °C for 4 min. After 42 days stored in frozen condition. TBC has been on an increasing trend and the structure has not changed significantly

Psychometric properties of the medical outcomes study: social support survey among methadone maintenance patients in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: a validation study

Abstract Background Social support plays a crucial role in the treatment and recovery process of patients engaging in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). However, there is a paucity of research about social support among MMT patients, possibly due to a lack of appropriate measuring tools. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Vietnamese version of the Medical Outcomes Study: Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) among MMT patients. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 300 patients was conducted in a methadone clinic in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. MMT patients who agreed to participate in the study completed a face-to-face interview in a private room. The MOS-SSS was translated into Vietnamese using standard forward-backward process. Internal consistency was measured by Cronbach’s alpha. The intra-class correlation coefficient was used to determine the test-retest reliability of the MOS-SSS in 75 participants two weeks after the first survey. Concurrent validity of the MOS-SSS was evaluated by correlations with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and the Perceived Stigma of Addiction Scale (PSAS). Construct validity was investigated by confirmatory factor analysis. Results The MOS-SSS had good internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha from 0.95 to 0.97 for the four subscales and 0.97 for the overall scale. The two-week test-retest reliability was at moderate level with intra-class correlation coefficients of 0.61–0.73 for the four subscales and 0.76 for the overall scale. Strong significant correlations between the MOS-SSS and the MSPSS (r = 0.77; p < 0.001) and the PSAS (r = − 0.76; p < 0.001) indicated good concurrent validity. Construct validity of the MOS-SSS was established since a final four-factor model fitted the data well with Comparative Fit Index (0.97), Tucker-Lewis Index (0.97), Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (0.03) and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (0.068; 90% CI = 0.059–0.077). Conclusions The MOS-SSS is a reliable and valid tool for measuring social support in Vietnamese MMT patients. Further studies among methadone patients at different stages of their treatment and among those from different areas of Vietnam are needed