Els conjunts difusos

Una nova contribució a les ciències del coneixement i a la lingüística, una moda, una font de possibles aplicacion

ONGs brasileiras em Boston

THIS ESSAY examines how Brazilian immigrants in the metropolitan region of Boston, USA, are becoming increasingly organized. Based on an October 2005 survey, it lists the various organizations created by Brazilian immigrants from 1995 to 2005 in Framingham, Boston, Somerville, and Cambridge. The conclusion is that Brazilians have advanced more in terms of political organization (because of the cultural baggage some leaders brought from Brazil) than in the service industry.O ARTIGO trata do avanço do nível organizativo dos imigrantes brasileiros na Região Metropolitana de Boston, nos Estados Unidos. Baseado em uma pesquisa realizada em outubro de 2005, faz um histórico das várias organizações criadas pelos imigrantes brasileiros entre 1995 a 2005 nas cidades de Framingham, Boston, Somerville e Cambridge. A conclusão é de que os brasileiros avançaram mais em sua organização política, em conseqüência da bagagem cultural que alguns líderes levaram consigo do Brasil, do que nas áreas de prestação de serviços

Hiking in the landscape - the history of Europeans’ linkage to the landscape by hiking

Since remote times, man has hiked in the landscape, establishing bonds of communication and interconnection between two or more points. Hiking along trails is the means of escape for man, causing changes in the landscape, and making known sites and places. In this paper, the history of the dynamics established between the act of walking and the landscape, along with the changes in society (predominantly since the 18th century), are presented. The existence of paths in nature is older than the very existence of mankind itself. The act of walking has always been associated with the history of man, who has hiked in the landscape looking for food, making pilgrimages, marketing products, promoting sustainable mobility, tourism and healthy recreation, and contributing to the improvement of the population’s quality of life. There is a special connection to the landscape by walking. The paths are areas marked by time and by society. They are understood as a way of reading the landscape. The act of walking is associated with an art in which the pleasure is rather in sensations of the soul [37]. When we walk, we are exclusively dependent on ourselves and completely free to observe and appreciate the landscape as best suits us and with a complete tranquility [30; 37]. Knowledge of the landscape involves movement, and the best form of perceiving and establishing a close relationship with that landscape is walking. Nowadays, there is a significant increase in adherence to outdoor activities, especially walking. People are looking for new ways of being in contact with nature. A restorative effect of nature on man is, indeed, one of the fundamental aspects of this increased demand, and people walk for different reasons. Hiking in the natural landscape assumes a great importance for the maintenance of a healthy body and mind. It is important that we develop future research to improve our knowledge not only about the influence of walking in the natural landscape, related especially to the benefits it has on man’s creativity, but also to improve the knowledge about how to combine modern life with the benefits of walking in nature.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Possible Role of Resource Requirements and Academic Career-Choice Risk on Gender Differences in Publication Rate and Impact

Many studies demonstrate that there is still a significant gender bias, especially at higher career levels, in many areas including science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). We investigated field-dependent, gender-specific effects of the selective pressures individuals experience as they pursue a career in academia within seven STEM disciplines. We built a unique database that comprises 437,787 publications authored by 4,292 faculty members at top United States research universities. Our analyses reveal that gender differences in publication rate and impact are discipline-specific. Our results also support two hypotheses. First, the widely-reported lower publication rates of female faculty are correlated with the amount of research resources typically needed in the discipline considered, and thus may be explained by the lower level of institutional support historically received by females. Second, in disciplines where pursuing an academic position incurs greater career risk, female faculty tend to have a greater fraction of higher impact publications than males. Our findings have significant, field-specific, policy implications for achieving diversity at the faculty level within the STEM disciplines.Comment: 9 figures and 3 table

Prevalência de lesões musculo-esqueléticas em profissionais de artes musicais

Enquadramento: As lesões músculo-esqueléticas relacionadas com o trabalho apresentam-se atualmente como um crescente flagelo e a profissão de músico é uma atividade predisponente para a ocorrência dessas lesões, exigindo uma atenção especial dos profissionais de saúde para identificar e controlar os fatores de risco. Objetivos: O presente estudo pretende identificar a prevalência das perturbações músculo-esqueléticas nos músicos profissionais praticantes de Cordofones beliscados e analisar a sua relação com as variáveis sociodemográficas, estado de saúde e características da prática instrumental. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo não experimental, transversal, descritivo-correlacional e de caráter quantitativo, que envolveu 70 músicos portugueses praticantes de cordofones beliscados, residentes em Viseu, Porto e Lisboa, com idades compreendidas entre 18 e 55 anos. Foi realizado com recurso ao uso de um questionário que avalia as variáveis sociodemográficas, as clínicas e as relacionadas com a prática musical e para avaliação das perturbações musculoesqueléticas utilizámos o “Questionário Nórdico Músculo-Esquelético”. Resultados: Dos músicos estudados 70,0% referem sentir perturbações músculo-esqueléticas como dor/formigueiro/dormência nos últimos 12 meses, tendo estes ocorrido sobretudo nos punhos/mãos (68.6%), ombros (54.3%), pescoço e região lombar (44.3%). Observámos que são vários os fatores risco das perturbações musculoesqueléticas como a idade avançada, um Índice de Massa Corporal mais elevado, o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, não praticar atividade física, o excesso de espetáculos, a postura adotada, instrumentos mais pesados e tocar sem pausas. Conclusões: O nosso estudo reforça a ideia de que as perturbações músculo-esqueléticas estão presentes nos músicos portugueses e que a sua origem está relacionada com características individuais, estado de saúde e exigências da prática instrumental. Cabe então ao Enfermeiro de Reabilitação criar estratégias preventivas, para evitar que os fatores de risco acrescidos causem ou aumentem as já instaladas lesões músculo-esqueléticas nos músicos, promovendo uma carreira longa e saudável. Palavras-chave: Músicos; Lesões musculoesqueléticas; Fatores de risco; Enfermagem de Reabilitação.Abstract Introdution: Musculoskeletal injuries related to the labour it is currently presented as a growing scourge and the music profession is a predisposing activity for harm to occur, requiring special attention of health professionals to identify and control risk factors. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in professional practitioners chordophones pinched musicians and analyze their relationship with sociodemographic variables, health status and characteristics of instrumental practice. Methods: This is a non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational and quantitative character study, which involved 70 Portuguese musicians practicing string instruments pinched, residents at Viseu, Oporto and Lisbon, aged between 18 and 55 years. It was conducted using a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic variables, clinical and related musical practice and evaluation of musculoskeletal disorders for which we used the "Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire". Results: Of the musicians studied 70.0% reported feeling musculoskeletal disorders such as pain / tingling / numbness in the last 12 months and they occurred mainly in the wrists / hands (68.6%), shoulders (54.3%), neck and lower back (44.3%). We observed that there are several risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders such as older age, higher body mass index, consumption of alcoholic beverages, no physical activity, numerous shows, the adopted posture, heavier instruments and play without breaks. Conclusions: Our study reinforces the idea that musculoskeletal disorders are present in the Portuguese musicians and that its origin is related to individual characteristics, health status and demands of instrumental practice. It is then up to the Rehabilitation Nurse to create preventive strategies to avoid the risk factors plus cause or increase the already installed musculoskeletal injuries in musicians, promoting a long and healthier career. Keywords: Musicians; Musculoskeletal injuries; Risk factors; Rehabilitation Nursing

Divergent Thinking in Older Adults : Understanding its Role in Well-being

The purpose of the study was to explore the nature of the relationship between Divergent Thinking and Well-being. Two theoretical models about the relationship between Divergent thinking, Psychological well-being and Life Satisfaction were tested. A total of 152 subjects between 65 and 84 years old participated in the study. Final model emphasises the idea that PWB is affected by DT and that PWB is also significantly related to LS. The model also highlights the importance of four dimensions of well-being: environmental mastery, life purpose, personal growth and self-acceptance. The goodness-of-fit indexes confirmed the existence of a significant relationship between DT and well-being, and between the latter and life satisfaction. Nevertheless, the final model did not confirm a direct link between DT and life satisfaction, only an indirect relationship through psychological well-being. These results help to understand that successful living in older adulthood requires effort and personal investment. Intervention programs for the elderly should consider the promotion of DT skills through individual and group activities

Before and During COVID-19

Funding Information: This study was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Almondes, Castro and Paiva.Aim: This study aimed to describe sleep habits, quality of life and psychosocial aspects in older people and analyze associated differences considering the time before COVID-19 pandemic and during its first wave in Portugal. Methods: Online survey used for data collection received answers from 914 elderly (age range 65 – 90y), from April to August 2020. Results: Symptoms of self-perception of depression, anxiety, irritability and economic problems were not prominent in the elderly, except for worries concerning uncertainty about the future. There was no difference in sleep duration before and during the pandemic, although there was a worsening of some aspects related to sleep, such as sleep quality, sleep efficiency, awakening quality, sleep latency and nocturnal awakenings. Gender comparisons showed a higher vulnerability in women. Some morbidities got worse during the pandemic among the elderly, such as Insomnia, Headaches, Depression, Tinnitus, among others. Conclusion: Even though our data suggest that the pandemic did not have a great impact on quality of life, sleep quality and psychosocial aspects in the elderly, they were still affected by the worsening of their health conditions, including sleep and morbidities. Some behaviors may act as protective factors in this population, such as walking and keeping contact with others, as well as other aspects like financial stability, high level of education and family support, as they can help them to cope better with difficulties.publishersversionpublishe

Efecto moderador de la institucionalización en las actividades de la vida diaria y bienestar en el envejecimiento

Objetivo: El envejecimiento con éxito es un concepto multidimensional que se puede evaluar a partir de componentes objetivos y subjetivos como el funcionamiento físico, psicológico y social. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar el funcionamiento en variables relacionadas con el envejecimiento exitoso en ancianos institucionalizados y no institucionalizados. Método: Se realizó un diseño de dos grupos independientes, institucionalizados (N=242) y no institucionalizados (N=607), todos de más de 65 años, evaluándose sus actividades de la vida diaria (AVD) y el bienestar psicológico. Resultados: El Índice de Barthel mostró diferencias significativas, siendo inferior la media de los institucionalizados que la de los no institucionalizados. En relación al bienestar, el MANOVA mostró diferencias entre grupos para todas las escalas. En los posteriores ANOVA's la variable crecimiento personal mostró las mayores diferencias y porcentaje de varianza explicada. Se obtuvieron correlaciones significativas de la edad con el Índice de Barthel, y con las siguientes escalas de bienestar psicológico de Ryff: autoaceptación, relaciones positivas con otros, dominio del ambiente y propósito en la vida. Conclusiones: Los institucionalizados muestran puntuaciones significativamente inferiores en AVD y en bienestar psicológico, actuando como variable moderadora, que puede empeorar su situación. La edad afecta de forma más clara al bienestar de los institucionalizados, reafirmándose la necesidad de generar estrategias que mejoren la adaptación de las personas

Fisioterapia no transplante hepático: da necessidade ao bem-estar

A intervenção do fisioterapeuta processa-se de modo holístico com vista à obtenção da máxima funcionalidade do indivíduo portador de doença. Objectivo do estudo – Mostrar e contextualizar os cuidados de saúde prestados pela equipa de fisioterapia no Hospital de Curry Cabral aos utentes submetidos a transplante hepático, fundamentados numa experiência de 4 anos de intervenção específica nesta área

An overall decline both in recollection and familiarity in healthy aging

Background: In the area of recognition memory, the experimental data have been inconsistent about whether or not familiarity declines in healthy aging. A recent meta-analysis concluded that familiarity is impaired when estimated with the remember-know procedure, but not with the process- dissociation procedure. Method: We present an associative recognition experiment with remember-know judgments that allow us to estimate both recollection and familiarity using both procedures in the same task and with the same participants (a sample of healthy older people and another sample of young people). Moreover, we performed a within-subjects manipulation of the type of materials (pairs of words or pairs of pictures), and the repetition or not of the pairs during the study phase. Results: The results show that familiarity, estimated using both estimation procedures, declines significantly with age, although the effect size obtained with the process- dissociation procedure is significantly smaller than the one obtained with the remember-know procedure. Conclusions: Our results show that aging is associated with significant decreases both in recollection and, to a lesser extent, familiarity