La inserción laboral de los jóvenes y las jóvenes con titulación de formación profesional de grado medio y superior en España

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la inserción laboral de los jóvenes de España que tienen la titulación correspondiente a un ciclo formativo de grado medio (CFGM) o de grado superior (CFGS).El análisis se aborda desde una perspectiva comparativa, en función del nivel de estudios y sexo. Aporta datos relativos al conjunto de población encuestada, distinguiendo entre personas jóvenes con estudios generales (ESO o inferior, bachillerato y universidad) y estudios profesionales (CFGM y CFGS).La recogida de datos se lleva a cabo a través de cuestionario y mediante entrevista en el domicilio realizada a jóvenes de edades comprendidas entre los 26 y los 28 años. La muestra es estadísticamente representativa de la población de esas edades censada en 2011 en Palma (Mallorca).Los resultados muestran que las mujeres con estudios profesionales tienen una participación más elevada en el empleo. En los hombres, en cambio, la situación es más ambigua. Quienes han optado por la vía profesional con estudios medios gozan de salarios más elevados y de menor temporalidad que las personas que tienen estudios generales. En el nivel de educación superior, la opción de formación universitaria frente a la de CFGS supone ventajas salariales y de adecuación entre el mundo académico y el laboral. También se observan jornadas de trabajo más largas en el caso de estudios profesionales.L'objectiu d'aquest treball és analitzar la inserció laboral del jovent d'Espanya que té la titulació corresponent a un cicle formatiu de grau mitjà (CFGM) o de grau superior (CFGS).L'anàlisi s'aborda des d'una perspectiva comparativa, en funció del nivell d'estudis i del sexe. Aporta dades relatives al conjunt de la població enquestada, distingint entre persones joves amb estudis generals (ESO o inferior, batxillerat i universitat) i estudis professionals (CFGM i CFGS).La recollida de dades es fa a través d'un qüestionari emplenat per joves d'edats compreses entre els 26 i els 28 anys mitjançant una entrevista al seu domicili. La mostra és estadísticament representativa de la població d'aquestes edats censada l'any 2011 a Palma (Mallorca).Els resultats deixen veure que les dones que han cursat estudis professionals tenen una participació més elevada en l'ocupació, mentre que en els homes la situació és més ambigua. Les persones que han optat per la via professional amb estudis mitjans gaudeix de salaris més elevats i de menys temporalitat que les que tenen estudis generals. En el nivell d'educació superior, l'opció de formació universitària enfront de l'opció CFGS suposa avantatges quant a salari i adequació entre el món acadèmic i el de la feina. També s'observen jornades laborals més llargues en el cas dels estudis professionals.This paper analyses the labour market participation of young Spanish workers holding an intermediate or higher vocational education and training (VET) diploma. The analysis is undertaken from a comparative perspective considering level of education and gender. Data are provided on the whole survey population, distinguishing between young people with general studies (compulsory schooling or lower, secondary education and university) and professional studies (intermediate and higher VET diploma). The data were collected by means of a household, interview-based questionnaire among young people aged 26-28 years old. The sample is statistically representative of the population census for the same age bracket living in Palma, Mallorca. The results suggest that women with vocational training have a higher employment participation rate, while the results for men are more ambiguous. Those who opted for the VET path earn higher wages and have fewer temporary jobs than those with a more general education. At the higher education level, opting for a university education rather than a higher VET diploma translates into better wages and decreased mismatches between job and education. In addition, longer working hours are observed in the case of those with VET diplomas

Quality of life of patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma initiating first-line chemotherapy in routine practice

Background: Despite advances in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, pancreatic adenocarcinoma often progresses rapidly and causes death. The physical decline of these patients is expected to impact their quality of life (QoL). Therefore, in addition to objective measures of effectiveness, the evaluation of health-related QoL should be considered a matter of major concern when assessing therapy outcomes. Methods: Observational, prospective, multicenter study including patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma who started first-line chemotherapy in 12 Spanish centers. Treatment and clinical characteristics were recorded at baseline. Patients' health-related quality of life, ECOG, and Karnofsky index were measured at baseline, at Days 15 and 30, and every four weeks up to 6months of chemotherapy. Health-related quality of life was measured using the EORTC-QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D questionnaires. Other endpoints included overall survival and progression-free survival. Results: The study sample included 116 patients (median age of 65years). Mean (SD) scores for the QLQ-C30 global health status scale showed a significant increasing trend throughout the treatment (p=0.005). Patients with either a Karnofsky index of 70-80 or ECOG 2 showed greater improvement in the QLQ-C30 global health status score than the corresponding groups with better performance status (p 50 at baseline had significantly greater overall survival and progression-free survival (p=0.005 and p=0.021, respectively). No significant associations were observed regarding the EQ-5D score. Conclusions: Most metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients receiving first-line chemotherapy showed an increase in health-related quality of life scores throughout the treatment. Patients with lower performance status and health-related quality of life at baseline tended to greater improvement. The EORTC QLQ-C30 scale allowed us to measure the health-related quality of life of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients receiving first-line chemotherapy

Validity and Reliability of the Decision Regret Scale in Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy

OBJECTIVES: Decisional regret is an indicator of satisfaction with the treatment decision and can help to identify those patients who need more support and evaluate the efficacy of decision support interventions. The objectives of this study are, 1) to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Decision Regret Scale and 2) to analyze the moderating effect of psychological distress on functional status and regret in patients with cancer following adjuvancy. METHODS: A prospective, multicenter cohort of 403 patients who completed the Decision Regret Scale (DRS), Health-Related Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30), and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). The evaluation was conducted six months after receiving adjuvant treatment in patients with resected cancer. RESULTS: After treatment, most participants (51.9%) experienced no decision regret; 33.7% felt mild regret, and 14.4% exhibited high levels of regret. The Spanish version of the DRS demonstrated satisfactory properties: it had a strong, clear unidimensional factorial structure with substantial loadings. Decisional regret was related with lower scores on functional, symptom, and quality of life scales, and higher levels of psychological distress (all P = 0.001). Psychological distress was found to have a moderating effect on the relationship between functional state and decision regret. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the DRS is a reliable, valid tool to evaluate regret and post-decisional quality in clinical practice and further highlights the potential clinical implications of psychological distress for the relation between physical status and regret

Quality of life of patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma initiating first-line chemotherapy in routine practice

Despite advances in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, pancreatic adenocarcinoma often progresses rapidly and causes death. The physical decline of these patients is expected to impact their quality of life (QoL). Therefore, in addition to objective measures of effectiveness, the evaluation of health-related QoL should be considered a matter of major concern when assessing therapy outcomes. Observational, prospective, multicenter study including patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma who started first-line chemotherapy in 12 Spanish centers. Treatment and clinical characteristics were recorded at baseline. Patients' health-related quality of life, ECOG, and Karnofsky index were measured at baseline, at Days 15 and 30, and every four weeks up to 6 months of chemotherapy. Health-related quality of life was measured using the EORTC-QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D questionnaires. Other endpoints included overall survival and progression-free survival. The study sample included 116 patients (median age of 65 years). Mean (SD) scores for the QLQ-C30 global health status scale showed a significant increasing trend throughout the treatment (p = 0.005). Patients with either a Karnofsky index of 70-80 or ECOG 2 showed greater improvement in the QLQ-C30 global health status score than the corresponding groups with better performance status (p ≤ 0.010). Pain, appetite, sleep disturbance, nausea, and constipation significantly improved throughout the treatment (p < 0.005). Patients with QLQ-C30 global health status scores ≥50 at baseline had significantly greater overall survival and progression-free survival (p = 0.005 and p = 0.021, respectively). No significant associations were observed regarding the EQ-5D score. Most metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients receiving first-line chemotherapy showed an increase in health-related quality of life scores throughout the treatment. Patients with lower performance status and health-related quality of life at baseline tended to greater improvement. The EORTC QLQ-C30 scale allowed us to measure the health-related quality of life of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients receiving first-line chemotherapy

Functionalized immunostimulating complexes with protein A via lipid vinyl sulfones to deliver cancer drugs to trastuzumab-resistant HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells.

Around 20%-30% of breast cancers overexpress the proto-oncogene human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2), and they are characterized by being very invasive. Therefore, many current studies are focused on testing new therapies against tumors that overexpress this receptor. In particular, there exists major interest in new strategies to fight breast cancer resistant to trastuzumab (Tmab), a humanized antibody that binds specifically to HER2 interfering with its mitogenic signaling. Our team has previously developed immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMs) as nanocapsules functionalized with lipid vinyl sulfones, which can incorporate protein A and bind to G immunoglobulins that makes them very flexible nanocarriers. The aim of this in vitro study was to synthesize and evaluate a drug delivery system based on protein A-functionalized ISCOMs to target HER2-overexpressing cells. We describe the preparation of ISCOMs, the loading with the drugs doxorubicin and paclitaxel, the binding of ISCOMs to alkyl vinyl sulfone-protein A, the coupling of Tmab, and the evaluation in both HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells (HCC1954) and non-overexpressing cells (MCF-7) by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Results show that the uptake is dependent on the level of overexpression of HER2, and the analysis of the cell viability reveals that targeted drugs are selective toward HCC1954, whereas MCF-7 cells remain unaffected. Protein A-functionalized ISCOMs are versatile carriers that can be coupled to antibodies that act as targeting agents to deliver drugs. When coupling to Tmab and loading with paclitaxel or doxorubicin, they become efficient vehicles for the selective delivery of the drug to Tmab-resistant HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. These nanoparticles may pave the way for the development of novel therapies for poor prognosis resistant patients

Dificultades en el Aprendizaje : unificación de Criterios Diagnósticos III. Criterios de Intervención Pedagógica

Contenido: Intervención Psicopedagógica en Dificultades en el Aprendizaje -- Intervención Psicopedagógica en Problemas Escolares -- Intervención Psicopedagógica en Bajo Rendimiento Escolar -- Intervención Psicopedagógica en Dificultades Específicas en el Aprendizaje -- Intervención Psicopedagógica en el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad -- Intervención Psicopedagógica en la Discapacidad Intelectual Límite. Anexos: Protocolo de Procedimiento/Inicio -- Protocolo de Evaluación -- Protocolo de Intervención -- Intervención en el caso nº 1. Problemas Escolares -- Intervención en el caso nº 2. Bajo Rendimiento Escolar -- Intervención en caso nº 3. Dificultades Específicas en el Aprendizaje -- Intervención en caso nº 4. Dificultades Específicas en el Aprendizaje -- Intervención en caso nº 5. Dificultades Específicas en el Aprendizaje -- Intervención en caso nº 6. Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad -- Intervención en caso nº 7. Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad -- Intervención en caso nº 8. Discapacidad Intelectual Límite -- Indice de Fichas por Áreas de Intervención -- Índice de Fichas por Dificultades en el Aprendizaje -- Protocolo de Adaptación Curricular -- Programas de Intervención Cognitivo-Conductuales para Profesores de niños con TDAH -- Recomendaciones para la modificación del ambiente de aula

Study of breast cancer incidence in patients of lymphangioleiomyomatosis

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10549-016-3737-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized user

Aging and Brain Deterioration

Carlos Dotti and Vicente Rodríguez (coordinators).Advanced age significantly increases the risk of developing chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, immune and mental disease. Regarding the latter, advanced age is a necessary factor for the development of non-hereditary forms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Despite years of intense research, we still do not know how these diseases occur, this being one of the main reasons for the lack of adequate interventions to prevent or cure these pathologies. To overcome the current limitations in the field, we plan to: 1) generate basic knowledge on the mechanisms responsible for cognitive, behavioral, motor, metabolic and sociability disorders that occur with age, 2) define the mechanisms that determine individual susceptibility to neurodegeneration, 3) design and develop strategies to improve brain aging, and 4) explore social and environmental conditions of the older population to know their influence in brain degeneration. Individual, social and policy interventions must be considered for future research.Peer reviewe

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection