Factores explicativos de las ayudas directas a las familias por Comunidades Autónomas

Las familias presentan una gran diversidad de características y necesidades por Comunidades Autónomas. La importancia de su labor social como educadoras, cuidadoras en situaciones de enfermedad o discapacidad y sustentadoras de las bases del crecimiento económico, ha favorecido el deseo de todos los gobiernos, independientemente de su afiliación política, de favorecer o apoyar esta labor.

To take or not to take the laptop or tablet to classes, that is the question

In recent decades, so-called mobile learning or m-learning has become a new paradigm in education as a consequence of technological advances and the widespread use of mobile devices to access information and for communication. In this context, this paper analyzes different profiles depending on students’ preferences for taking mobile devices (specifically tablets and/or laptops) to economics classes at the University of Seville (Spain). A survey-based field study of a sample of 412 students and the application of bivariate probit models show a low level of mobile device integration in teaching (devices taken to class by only 29.8% of respondents) with a slight predominance of laptops. The results also show differences between users of the two types of devices. Students who take their laptops to class usually live at home with their family, have already used them in pre-university levels, and are concerned about recharging their devices in class. However, although users who take their tablets to class also live with their parents, they are much more active on social network sites and more concerned about the quality of the internet connection. These findings enable the design of strategies to encourage students to attend class with their own mobile devices

Behavioural complementarity among frugivorous birds and lizards can promote plant diversity in island ecosystems

The behavioural complementarity of fruit-eating animals is thought to exert a key role in plant community assembly. However, a mechanistic understanding of the causal links between the two processes is still lacking. This study assesses whether complementarity between dispersers in feeding and microhabitat-use behaviour enhances community-scale dispersal services, resulting in a more diverse community of seedlings. We used a Bayesian approach to connect a comprehensive database of seed dispersal effectiveness at a community scale with a transition probability model that accounts for behavioural complementarity. Our model system was the thermosclerophyllous shrubland of the Canary Islands. There, fleshy-fruited plants rely on two types of frugivores: lizards and birds. Lizards consumed all plant species and preferentially used open areas, whereas birds foraged for small single-seeded fruits and dispersed their seeds beneath plants. Through feeding on different sets of plants, they generated a rich seed-rain community. By diversifying the microhabitat of deposition, more species could find suitable recruitment sites. Distinct foraging and microhabitat-use choices led to complementary dispersal services. Lizards ensured that all plant species were present in the seedling community, while birds promoted a more even distribution of them. As a result, diversity in the community of seedlings was enhanced. Overall, our work underscores that behavioural complementarity promotes diversity in the early-regenerating plant communities. These enhanced dispersal services rely on the presence of all functional groups. Thus, in communities where frugivores display unique behaviours, preserving a diverse community of dispersers should be a conservation target. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.Fil: Morán López, Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: González Castro, Aarón. Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group ; Argentina. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Morales, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Nogales, Manuel. Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group ; Argentina. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Españ

Evaluation of the rejuvenation of asphalt by means of oil-saturated porous aggregates

Road degradation is an increasing problem for assets managers. Roads deteriorate mainly due to the combination of different factors, such as temperature, climate and traffic loads. This causes the asphalt to age and, consequently, the bituminous mixtures become more fragile and microcracks begin to appear. To eliminate these degradation effects, the most widely used performed actions are based on the renovation of the pavement to achieve an asphalt surface under acceptable conditions of use. In order to reduce the application of corrective measures when the asphalt pavement is already facing significant defects, it is important to perform regular preventive maintenance that minimise the renovation works of the pavement and improves the asphalt durability. This paper shows a method for the continuous rejuvenation of asphalt, by analysing the evolution of asphalt mixture stiffness and the resistance to cracking on asphalt mixtures with rejuvenator added after having been submitted to a laboratory ageing protocol (short and long-term ageing). The rejuvenator was added to the mixtures following either of these two procedures: first, directly added to the mixture and the second, saturated in porous aggregates, what the authors call encapsulated. Results from this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the second method (encapsulated rejuvenator) as an original solution to achieve long-term performance mixtures with reduced cracking.The authors acknowledge the financial support from a National project, REPARA v2.0, funded by the Centre for Industrial Technological Development (CDTI) of the Spanish Government within the programme supporting the Strategic National Consortiums for Technical Investigation (CIEN).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Impact of PBL in the Development of Ability to Make Learning Questions in University Students

[ES] Esta investigación se aborda desde la perspectiva cualitativa y buscó indagar en los procesos cognitivos que emplean los alumnos centrando la atención en el desarrollo de la habilidad para preguntar y determinar la contribución del ABP en los niveles de abstracción al hacer preguntas. Los 4 niveles de abstracción son literales (nivel 1), exploratorias (2), cognitivas (3) y metacognitivas (4). En la primera fase el 65% de los estudiantes lograron niveles 1 y 2, mientras que en la última el 80 % alcanzó niveles 3 y 4 y se confirma que el ABP desarrolló la habilidad para hacer preguntas.[EN] This research is approached from the qualitative perspective and sought to investigate the cognitive processes used by students focusing on developing the ability to ask and determine the contribution of PBL in the levels of abstraction to ask questions. The 4 levels of abstraction are literal (Level 1) finding (2), cognitive (3) and metacognitive (4). In the first phase 65% of students achieved levels 1 and 2, while in the last 80% achieved levels 3 and 4 and confirmed that PBL developed the ability to ask questions.González Frías, MT.; Castro López, A. (2011). Impacto del ABP en el Desarrollo de la Habilidad para Formular Preguntas de Aprendizaje en Estudiantes Universitarios. REDU. Revista de Docencia Universitaria. 9(1). https://doi.org/10.4995/redu.2011.6180OJS5791Argudín, Y. (2005). Educación basada en competencias. Nociones y antecedentes. México: Trillas.Díaz-Barriga, F. (2006). Enseñanza situada: vínculo entre la escuela y la vida. México: Mc Graw Hill.Estevéz, E. H. (1999). La enseñanza basada en el uso de estrategias cognitivas. Modelo innovador para el diseño de cursos. México: Universidad de Sonora.Elgue, M. (2006). Cuándo preguntar puede jugar en su contra. Uruguay: La Flor de Itapebi.García, E. (2000). ¿Qué Qué? El arte de preguntar para enseñar y aprender mejor. México: Byblos.Mendoza, A. (1999). Las preguntas en la escuela como estrategia didáctica. México: Trillas.Nyckerson, S., Perkins, D. y Smith, E (1994). Enseñar a Pensar: aspectos de la aptitude intellectual. Barcelona: Paidós

Applying Neural Networks to Hyperspectral and Multispectral Field Data for Discrimination of Cruciferous Weeds in Winter Crops

In the context of detection of weeds in crops for site-specific weed control, on-ground spectral reflectance measurements are the first step to determine the potential of remote spectral data to classify weeds and crops. Field studies were conducted for four years at different locations in Spain. We aimed to distinguish cruciferous weeds in wheat and broad bean crops, using hyperspectral and multispectral readings in the visible and near-infrared spectrum. To identify differences in reflectance between cruciferous weeds, we applied three classification methods: stepwise discriminant (STEPDISC) analysis and two neural networks, specifically, multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF). Hyperspectral and multispectral signatures of cruciferous weeds, and wheat and broad bean crops can be classified using STEPDISC analysis, and MLP and RBF neural networks with different success, being the MLP model the most accurate with 100%, or higher than 98.1%, of classification performance for all the years. Classification accuracy from hyperspectral signatures was similar to that from multispectral and spectral indices, suggesting that little advantage would be obtained by using more expensive airborne hyperspectral imagery. Therefore, for next investigations, we recommend using multispectral remote imagery to explore whether they can potentially discriminate these weeds and crops

Prevalence of asthma and rhinitis symptoms in a Coruña (Spain)

Ponencia presentada en el IV Congreso de la Sociedad de Pediatría de Galicia, Verín, 2004[Resumen] Introducción. El asma y la rinitis son dos enfermedades con elevada prevalencia en la infancia, con tendencia a incrementarse en los últimos años. En ambas es frecuente el infradiagnóstico. Objetivo. Verificar la prevalencia de síntomas de asma y rinitis en la población infantil. Material y métodos. Hemos realizado, mediante cuestionario escrito, un estudio transversal siguiendo la metodología del International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), de prevalencia de sintomatología de asma y rinitis en el área de A Coruña. Resultados. Han sido incluidos 3.017 niños y niñas de 6 y 7 años (tasa de respuesta del 73,9%), y 2.981 de 13 y 14 años (tasa de respuesta del 93,6%). Refirieron haber presentado sibilancias alguna vez el 25,3% de los niños y niñas de 13 y 14 años y el 37,2% de los de 6 y 7 años. Han presentado asma en alguna ocasión el 18,5% de los adolescentes y el 13,7 % del grupo de menor edad. La prevalencia de rinitis alguna vez fue del 30,4% a los 6 y 7 años y del 47,3% a los 13 y 14 años. La mayor prevalencia de rinitis se produjo en el otoño. Conclusiones. El asma y la rinitis son especialmente frecuentes en nuestra población, superior a la observada en la mayoría de poblaciones españolas estudiadas.[Abstract] Introduction. The prevalence of asthma and rhinitis is high in childhood and has been increasing in the last few years. In both diseases underdiagnosis is frequent. Objective. To asses the prevalence of asthma and rhinitis symptoms in childhood. Material and methods. We performed a cross-sectional study using a written questionnaire, following the methodology of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), on the prevalence of symptoms of asthma and rhinitis in La Coruña. Results. A total of 3017 boys and girls aged 6-7 years old (response rate 73.9 %) and 2981 boys and girls aged 13-14 years old (response rate 93.6 %) were included. The prevalence of “wheezing at some time” was 25.3% in adolescents aged 13-14 years old and was 37.2 % in children aged 6-7 years. The prevalence of “asthma at some time” was 18.5% in adolescents and 13.7% in children. The prevalence of “rhinitis at some time” was 30.4% in the group aged 6-7 years and 47.3% in the group of adolescents. The prevalence of rhinitis was highest in autumn. Conclusions. The prevalence of asthma and rhinitis is high in our population and is higher than that observed in most Spanish populations studied

Laser Surface Microstructuring of Biocompatible Materials Using a Microlens Array and the Talbot Effect: Evaluation of the Cell Adhesion

A laser based technique for microstructuring titanium and tantalum substrates using the Talbot effect and an array of microlenses is presented. By using this hybrid technique; we are able to generate different patterns and geometries on the top surfaces of the biomaterials. The Talbot effect allows us to rapidly make microstructuring, solving the common problems of using microlenses for multipatterning; where the material expelled during the ablation of biomaterials damages the microlens. The Talbot effect permits us to increase the working distance and reduce the period of the patterns. We also demonstrate that the geometries and patterns act as anchor points for cells; affecting the cell adhesion to the metallic substrates and guiding how they spread over the materialThis work has been supported under contracts MAT2015-71119-R, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, and ISCIII/PI14-01140/FEDER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain. M. Aymerich acknowledges a Pre-Doctoral Fellowship from Xunta de Galicia (Spain) financed by the Secretaría Xeral de Universidades and the Fondo Social Europeo (FSE). D. Nieto thanks the Consellería de Cultura, Spain for their support under the Galician Programme for Research Innovation and Growth (2011–2015) (I2C Plan)S

Tertiary treatment of urban wastewater by solar and UV-C driven advanced oxidation with peracetic acid: effect on contaminants of emerging concern and antibiotic resistance

Photo-driven advanced oxidation process (AOP) with peracetic acid (PAA) has been poorly investigated in water and wastewater treatment so far. In the present work its possible use as tertiary treatment of urban wastewater to effectively minimize the release into the environment of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria was investigated. Different initial PAA concentrations, two light sources (sunlight and UV-C) and two different water matrices (groundwater (GW) and wastewater (WW)) were studied. Low PAA doses were found to be effective in the inactivation of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli (AR E. coli) in GW, with the UV-C process being faster (limit of detection (LOD) achieved for a cumulative energy (QUV) of 0.3 kJL−1 with 0.2 mg PAA L−1) than solar driven one (LOD achieved at QUV = 4.4 kJL−1 with 0.2 mg PAA L−1). Really fast inactivation rates of indigenous AR E. coli were also observed in WW. Higher QUV and PAA initial doses were necessary to effectively remove the three target CECs (carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole), with CBZ being the more refractory one. In conclusion, photo-driven AOP with PAA can be effectively used as tertiary treatment of urban wastewater but initial PAA dose should be optimized to find the best compromise between target bacteria inactivation and CECs removal as well as to prevent scavenging effect of PAA on hydroxyl radicals because of high PAA concentration

Aproximación al estudio de la cerámica emiral del arrabal de Saqunda (Qurtuba, Córdoba)

At the urgent archeological excavations developed during the years 2001-2002, the first emiral suburb of Qurtuba (end 8th century – beginiry 9th century) was found. It has been mentioned before in literary texts as the fiaqunda´s suburb or al-rabad. Due to the big amount of material compiled and to their good conditions, it has been possible to carry out a first analysis of the suburb and a better study on the pottery used by its inhabitants during the first years of the islamic occupation.Durante la I.A.U. desarrollada en los años 2001–2002 se localizó parte del primer arrabal emiral de Qurtuba (finales s. VIII – inicios s. IX d.C.), mencionado en los textos literarios como el arrabal de fiaqunda o al-rabad. El copioso material cerámico recogido junto a su buen estado de conservación, ha permitido realizar un primer análisis para aproximarnos a la vajilla que utilizaron sus habitantes durante los primeros momentos de la ocupación islámica