Percepcja widzenia - jak kształtować wyobraźnię przestrzenną

The concept of design work, presented in the article and undertaken in the course of „Engineering Graphics” conducted for the students of Environmental Protection course at the Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering of the Silesian University of Technology, is a part of studies related to the analysis of the role and importance of the physical model in teaching subjects referring to spatial imagination, such as „Engineering Graphics”, „Geometry” and „Engineering Geometry”. The authors justify the introduction of a physical model into teaching of „Engineering Graphics” by the application of one of the oldest teaching principles– the principle of direct vividness, formulated in the nineteenth century by Pestalozzi1. Thendesign tasks which are presented in the article is an extension of the idea of basing the teaching of „Engineering Graphics” in certain justified cases resulting from, among others, the specific field of study or particular needs of students, mainly on design tasks directly referring to direct vividness.Przedstawiony w artykule koncept pracy projektowej realizowanej w ramach kursu „Grafiki Inżynierskiej” prowadzonego dla studentów kierunku Ochrona Środowiska na Wydziale Inżynierii Środowiska i Energetyki Politechniki Śląskiej stanowi część badań związanych z analizą roli i znaczenia modelu fizycznego w dydaktyce przedmiotów odwołujących się do wyobraźni przestrzennej, takich jak „Grafika Inżynierska”, „Geometria Wykreślna” i „Geometria Inżynierska”. Zasadność wprowadzania modelu fizycznego do dydaktyki „Grafiki Inżynierskiej” autorki opierały na jednej z najstarszych zasad nauczania - zasady poglądowości bezpośredniej, sformułowanej w XIX w. przez Pestalozziego. Zadanie projektowe, które jest przedstawiane w artykule jest rozwinięciem idei oparcia dydaktyki „Grafiki Inżynierskiej” w pewnych uzasadnionych przypadkach wynikających np. ze specyfiki kierunku studiów lub szczególnych potrzeb studentów, w głównej mierze na zadaniach projektowych odwołujących do poglądowości bezpośredniej

Optical characteristics of coloured glasses doped with transition metal ions

Praca dotyczy wytworzenia nieorganicznych szkieł krzemianowych i borokrzemianowych o składach zbliżonych do składu szkieł gospodarczych, barwionych na niebiesko i zielono przy zastosowaniu odpowiednio dobranych, pod względem jakościowym i ilościowym, związków metali przejściowych: CoO i K2Cr2O7. Przeprowadzono charakterystykę optyczną dla otrzymanych szkieł określając wpływ jonów barwiących na przebieg krzywych transmisyjnych i absorpcyjnych. Praca prezentuje ogólnie znane i najpowszechniej wykorzystywane metody do opisu graficznej i liczbowej charakterystyki barwy badanych szkieł barwnych w oparciu o przestrzenie trójwymiarowe: układ CIE XYZ i CIE Lab.The paper concerns the fabrication of inorganic silicate and borosilicate glasses based on the chemical compositions of the industrial glasses. The examinated glasses were coloured on the green and blue by doped of chosen transition metal compounds: CoO and K2Cr2O7. Optical characteristics of coloured glasses were used to determine influence of the colouring ions on the transmission and absorption spectra. This paper presents the most often used methods to define graphical and numerical characteristics of coloured glasses based on colour spaces: CIE XYZ and CIE Lab

Comparison of functional variants in IFNL4 and IFNL3 for association with HCV clearance

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Genetic polymorphisms within the interferon lambda (IFN-λ) region are strongly associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance; the IFNL4-ΔG/TT (rs368234815) polymorphism, which controls generation of the IFN-λ4 protein, is more strongly associated with HCV clearance than rs12979860 (the ‘IL28B variant’). An IFNL3 3′ untranslated region polymorphism (rs4803217) has been proposed as a causal variant that may affect HCV clearance by altering IFNL3 mRNA stability. METHODS: We compared IFNL4-ΔG/TT and rs4803217 for association with response to pegylated-IFN-α/ribavirin in the VIRAHEP-C and HALT-C trials, and spontaneous HCV clearance in the ALIVE, UHS and WIHS studies. Genotyping was performed with TaqMan assays. We compared differences in mean reduction in HCV RNA levels by genotype and haplotype. For HCV clearance, we calculated p-values comparing c-statistics for IFNL4-ΔG/TT and rs4803217 genotypes by a bootstrap approach. RESULTS: Among European Americans, linkage disequilibrium between IFNL4-ΔG/TT and rs4803217 was strong (r(2)=0.89–0.99) and there were no significant differences between the variants. In African American (AA) individuals enrolled in VIRAHEP-C, HCV RNA at treatment day 28 was more strongly associated with IFNL4-ΔG/TT than rs4803217 (p=0.003); the IFNL4-ΔG:rs4803217-G haplotype, which includes the putatively favorable IFNL3 allele, was actually associated with the poorest day 28 response (p=0.03, comparison to IFNL4-ΔG:rs4803217-T haplotype). Among AA participants, associations were stronger for IFNL4-ΔG/TT than rs4803217 for undetectable HCV RNA at week 24 in Virahep C (p=0.03) and week 20 in HALT-C (p=0.03), as well as for spontaneous HCV clearance (p=0.048). CONCLUSION: IFNL4-ΔG/TT is the primary IFN-λ region polymorphism for impaired HCV clearance

PIGN encephalopathy: Characterizing the epileptology.

Epilepsy is common in patients with PIGN diseases due to biallelic variants; however, limited epilepsy phenotyping data have been reported. We describe the epileptology of PIGN encephalopathy. We recruited patients with epilepsy due to biallelic PIGN variants and obtained clinical data regarding age at seizure onset/offset and semiology, development, medical history, examination, electroencephalogram, neuroimaging, and treatment. Seizure and epilepsy types were classified. Twenty six patients (13 female) from 26 families were identified, with mean age 7 years (range = 1 month to 21 years; three deceased). Abnormal development at seizure onset was present in 25 of 26. Developmental outcome was most frequently profound (14/26) or severe (11/26). Patients presented with focal motor (12/26), unknown onset motor (5/26), focal impaired awareness (1/26), absence (2/26), myoclonic (2/26), myoclonic-atonic (1/26), and generalized tonic-clonic (2/26) seizures. Twenty of 26 were classified as developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE): 55% (11/20) focal DEE, 30% (6/20) generalized DEE, and 15% (3/20) combined DEE. Six had intellectual disability and epilepsy (ID+E): two generalized and four focal epilepsy. Mean age at seizure onset was 13 months (birth to 10 years), with a lower mean onset in DEE (7 months) compared with ID+E (33 months). Patients with DEE had drug-resistant epilepsy, compared to 4/6 ID+E patients, who were seizure-free. Hyperkinetic movement disorder occurred in 13 of 26 patients. Twenty-seven of 34 variants were novel. Variants were truncating (n = 7), intronic and predicted to affect splicing (n = 7), and missense or inframe indels (n = 20, of which 11 were predicted to affect splicing). Seven variants were recurrent, including p.Leu311Trp in 10 unrelated patients, nine with generalized seizures, accounting for nine of the 11 patients in this cohort with generalized seizures. PIGN encephalopathy is a complex autosomal recessive disorder associated with a wide spectrum of epilepsy phenotypes, typically with substantial profound to severe developmental impairment