50 research outputs found

    A distinct adipose tissue gene expression response to caloric restriction predicts 6-mo weight maintenance in obese subjects

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    BACKGROUND: Weight loss has been shown to reduce risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes; however, successful maintenance of weight loss continues to pose a challenge. OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to assess whether changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT) gene expression during a low-calorie diet (LCD) could be used to differentiate and predict subjects who experience successful short-term weight maintenance from subjects who experience weight regain. DESIGN: Forty white women followed a dietary protocol consisting of an 8-wk LCD phase followed by a 6-mo weight-maintenance phase. Participants were classified as weight maintainers (WMs; 0-10% weight regain) and weight regainers (WRs; 50-100% weight regain) by considering changes in body weight during the 2 phases. Anthropometric measurements, bioclinical variables, and scAT gene expression were studied in all individuals before and after the LCD. Energy intake was estimated by using 3-d dietary records. RESULTS: No differences in body weight and fasting insulin were observed between WMs and WRs at baseline or after the LCD period. The LCD resulted in significant decreases in body weight and in several plasma variables in both groups. WMs experienced a significant reduction in insulin secretion in response to an oral-glucose-tolerance test after the LCD; in contrast, no changes in insulin secretion were observed in WRs after the LCD. An ANOVA of scAT gene expression showed that genes regulating fatty acid metabolism, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and apoptosis were regulated differently by the LCD in WM and WR subjects. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that LCD-induced changes in insulin secretion and scAT gene expression may have the potential to predict successful short-term weight maintenanc

    Adipose Gene Expression Prior to Weight Loss Can Differentiate and Weakly Predict Dietary Responders

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    BACKGROUND: The ability to identify obese individuals who will successfully lose weight in response to dietary intervention will revolutionize disease management. Therefore, we asked whether it is possible to identify subjects who will lose weight during dietary intervention using only a single gene expression snapshot. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The present study involved 54 female subjects from the Nutrient-Gene Interactions in Human Obesity-Implications for Dietary Guidelines (NUGENOB) trial to determine whether subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression could be used to predict weight loss prior to the 10-week consumption of a low-fat hypocaloric diet. Using several statistical tests revealed that the gene expression profiles of responders (8-12 kgs weight loss) could always be differentiated from non-responders (<4 kgs weight loss). We also assessed whether this differentiation was sufficient for prediction. Using a bottom-up (i.e. black-box) approach, standard class prediction algorithms were able to predict dietary responders with up to 61.1%+/-8.1% accuracy. Using a top-down approach (i.e. using differentially expressed genes to build a classifier) improved prediction accuracy to 80.9%+/-2.2%. CONCLUSION: Adipose gene expression profiling prior to the consumption of a low-fat diet is able to differentiate responders from non-responders as well as serve as a weak predictor of subjects destined to lose weight. While the degree of prediction accuracy currently achieved with a gene expression snapshot is perhaps insufficient for clinical use, this work reveals that the comprehensive molecular signature of adipose tissue paves the way for the future of personalized nutrition

    Author Correction: Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses improve resolution of genes and pathways influencing lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk

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    Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses improve resolution of genes and pathways influencing lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk

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    Lung-function impairment underlies chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and predicts mortality. In the largest multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of lung function to date, comprising 580,869 participants, we identified 1,020 independent association signals implicating 559 genes supported by ≄2 criteria from a systematic variant-to-gene mapping framework. These genes were enriched in 29 pathways. Individual variants showed heterogeneity across ancestries, age and smoking groups, and collectively as a genetic risk score showed strong association with COPD across ancestry groups. We undertook phenome-wide association studies for selected associated variants as well as trait and pathway-specific genetic risk scores to infer possible consequences of intervening in pathways underlying lung function. We highlight new putative causal variants, genes, proteins and pathways, including those targeted by existing drugs. These findings bring us closer to understanding the mechanisms underlying lung function and COPD, and should inform functional genomics experiments and potentially future COPD therapies

    Combinaison de sources de données pour l'amélioration de la prédiction en apprentissage : une application à la prédiction de la perte de poids chez l'obÚse à partir de données transcriptomiques et cliniques

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    Les maladies complexes comme l'obĂ©sitĂ© sont des maladies multifactorielles. Peu de travaux existent pour essayer de prĂ©dire les effets des diffĂ©rents traitements et ainsi mieux adapter les traitements aux patients. L'utilisation de modĂšles prĂ©dictifs pour mieux guider le choix des traitements de l'obĂ©sitĂ© reste un champ de recherche peu explorĂ© malgrĂ© le fort impact qu'elle pourrait avoir vu la prĂ©valence de cette maladie. Dans d'autres domaines de la mĂ©decine, comme la cancĂ©rologie par exemple, de telles mĂ©thodes sont dĂ©jĂ  utilisĂ©es pour l'aide au diagnostic se basant notamment sur des donnĂ©es issues de puces Ă  ADN. Cette technologie s'avĂšre adaptĂ©e et son utilisation a donnĂ© lieu Ă  des rĂ©sultats intĂ©ressants pour dĂ©pister les maladies ou aider les mĂ©decins dans leur choix thĂ©rapeutique. Cependant si celle‐ci s'avĂšre suffisante pour prĂ©dire d'une maniĂšre satisfaisante dans le domaine du cancer, en revanche elle s'avĂšre d'un apport limitĂ© dans le cadre d'une application aux donnĂ©es de l'obĂ©sitĂ©. Cela suggĂšre l'utilisation d'autres donnĂ©es patients pour amĂ©liorer les performances en prĂ©diction. Les travaux de recherche prĂ©sentĂ©s dans ce mĂ©moire abordent les problĂšmes de la prĂ©diction de la perte de poids suite Ă  un rĂ©gime ou une chirurgie bariatrique. Nous avons analysĂ© le problĂšme de la prĂ©diction de la perte de poids Ă  partir des donnĂ©es transcriptomique dans le cadre de deux projets europĂ©ens et aussi Ă  partir des donnĂ©es biocliniques dans le cadre de la chirurgie de l'obĂ©sitĂ©. Nous avons ensuite proposĂ© trois concepts de combinaisons de modĂšles : combinaison de donnĂ©es, combinaison de mĂ©thodes et combinaison avec abstention. Nous avons analysĂ© empiriquement ces trois approches et les expĂ©rimentations ont montrĂ© une amĂ©lioration des rĂ©sultats pour les donnĂ©es de l'obĂ©sitĂ© mĂȘme si ceux‐ci restent bien en deça de ce qu'on observe avec les donnĂ©es cancersno dat

    Combinaison de sources de données pour l'amélioration de la prédiction en apprentissage (une application à la prédiction de la perte de poids chez l'obÚse à partir de données transcriptomiques et cliniques)

    No full text
    Les maladies complexes comme l'obĂ©sitĂ© sont des maladies multifactorielles. Peu de travaux existent pour essayer de prĂ©dire les effets des diffĂ©rents traitements et ainsi mieux adapter les traitements aux patients. L'utilisation de modĂšles prĂ©dictifs pour mieux guider le choix des traitements de l'obĂ©sitĂ© reste un champ de recherche peu explorĂ© malgrĂ© le fort impact qu'elle pourrait avoir vu la prĂ©valence de cette maladie. Dans d'autres domaines de la mĂ©decine, comme la cancĂ©rologie par exemple, de telles mĂ©thodes sont dĂ©jĂ  utilisĂ©es pour l'aide au diagnostic se basant notamment sur des donnĂ©es issues de puces Ă  ADN. Cette technologie s'avĂšre adaptĂ©e et son utilisation a donnĂ© lieu Ă  des rĂ©sultats intĂ©ressants pour dĂ©pister les maladies ou aider les mĂ©decins dans leur choix thĂ©rapeutique. Cependant si celle ci s'avĂšre suffisante pour prĂ©dire d'une maniĂšre satisfaisante dans le domaine du cancer, en revanche elle s'avĂšre d'un apport limitĂ© dans le cadre d'une application aux donnĂ©es de l'obĂ©sitĂ©. Cela suggĂšre l'utilisation d'autres donnĂ©es patients pour amĂ©liorer les performances en prĂ©diction. Les travaux de recherche prĂ©sentĂ©s dans ce mĂ©moire abordent les problĂšmes de la prĂ©diction de la perte de poids suite Ă  un rĂ©gime ou une chirurgie bariatrique. Nous avons analysĂ© le problĂšme de la prĂ©diction de la perte de poids Ă  partir des donnĂ©es transcriptomique dans le cadre de deux projets europĂ©ens et aussi Ă  partir des donnĂ©es biocliniques dans le cadre de la chirurgie de l obĂ©sitĂ©. Nous avons ensuite proposĂ© trois concepts de combinaisons de modĂšles : combinaison de donnĂ©es, combinaison de mĂ©thodes et combinaison avec abstention. Nous avons analysĂ© empiriquement ces trois approches et les expĂ©rimentations ont montrĂ© une amĂ©lioration des rĂ©sultats pour les donnĂ©es de l'obĂ©sitĂ© mĂȘme si ceux ci restent bien en deça de ce qu'on observe avec les donnĂ©es cancersPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Semantic Assembly and Annotation of Draft RNAseq Transcripts without a Reference Genome

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    <div><p>Transcriptomes are one of the first sources of high-throughput genomic data that have benefitted from the introduction of Next-Gen Sequencing. As sequencing technology becomes more accessible, transcriptome sequencing is applicable to multiple organisms for which genome sequences are unavailable. Currently all methods for <i>de novo</i> assembly are based on the concept of matching the nucleotide context overlapping between short fragments-reads. However, even short reads may still contain biologically relevant information which can be used as hints in guiding the assembly process. We propose a computational workflow for the reconstruction and functional annotation of expressed gene transcripts that does not require a reference genome sequence and can be tolerant to low coverage, high error rates and other issues that often lead to poor results of <i>de novo</i> assembly in studies of non-model organisms. We start with either raw sequences or the output of a context-based <i>de novo</i> transcriptome assembly. Instead of mapping reads to a reference genome or creating a completely unsupervised clustering of reads, we assemble the unknown transcriptome using nearest homologs from a public database as seeds. We consider even distant relations, indirectly linking protein-coding fragments to entire gene families in multiple distantly related genomes. The intended application of the proposed method is an additional step of semantic (based on relations between protein-coding fragments) scaffolding following traditional (i.e. based on sequence overlap) <i>de novo</i> assembly. The method we developed was effective in analysis of the jellyfish <i>Cyanea capillata</i> transcriptome and may be applicable in other studies of gene expression in species lacking a high quality reference genome sequence. Our algorithms are implemented in C and designed for parallel computation using a high-performance computer. The software is available free of charge via an open source license.</p></div
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