Estudio del patrón respiratorio en pacientes ancianos

La clínica relacionada con los pacientes ancianos, refleja una elevada incidencia de enfermedades de origen cardíaco y respiratorio. Alteraciones en el patrón respiratorio como son la respiración periódica (PB) y la respiración Cheyne-Stokes (CSR) pueden estar relacionadas con la insuficiencia cardíaca crónica (ICC). En este estudio se propuso caracterizar estos patrones respiratorios a partir de la envolvente de la señal de flujo respiratorio, aplicando técnicas de análisis frecuencial y de tiempo-frecuencia. Se estudiaron registros de 45 pacientes ancianos (25 pacientes con patrón PB y 20 pacientes con respiración no periódica (nPB)). Se analizaron los resultados considerando todas las posibles combinaciones de tipos de patrones: pacientes con patrones PB (con y sin apnea) vs nPB, y patrones CSR vs PB, CSR vs nPB y PB vs nPB. En el análisis tiempo-frecuencia se obtuvo la mayor exactitud (76.3%) con parámetros correspondientes a la variabilidad frecuencial y la desviación del pico de potencia, al comparar pacientes con patrón respiratorio nPB vs PB. Considerando segmentos de señal de 5 minutos, la potencia de pico de modulación, la variabilidad frecuencial y los rangos intercuartílicos presentaron los mejores resultados, con una exactitud del 72.8% al comparar los tres grupos (nPB, PB y CSR), y del 74.2% al comparar patrones PB vs nPB.Postprint (published version

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Analysis of the breathing pattern in elderly patients using the Hurst exponent applied to the respiratory flow signal

Due to the increasing elderly population and the extensive number of comorbidities that affect them, studies are required to determine future increments in admission to emergency departments. Some of these studies could focus on the relation between chronic diseases and breathing pattern in elderly patients. Variations in the fractal properties of respiratory signals can be associated with several diseases. To determine the relationship between these variations and breathing patterns, and to quantify the fractal properties of respiratory flow signals, we estimated the Hurst exponent (H). Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and discrete wavelet transform-based estimation (DWTE) methods were applied. The estimation methods were analyzed using simulated data series generated by fractional Gaussian noise. 43 elderly patients (19 patients with a non-periodic breathing pattern - nPB, and 24 patients with a periodic breathing pattern - PB) were studied. The results were evaluated according to the length of data and the number of averaged data series used to obtain a good estimation. The DWTE method estimated the respiratory flow signals better than the DFA method, and obtained Hurst values clustered by group. We found significant differences in the H exponent (p = 0.002) between PB and nPB patients, which showed different behavior in the fractal properties.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Estudio del patrón respiratorio en pacientes ancianos

La clínica relacionada con los pacientes ancianos, refleja una elevada incidencia de enfermedades de origen cardíaco y respiratorio. Alteraciones en el patrón respiratorio como son la respiración periódica (PB) y la respiración Cheyne-Stokes (CSR) pueden estar relacionadas con la insuficiencia cardíaca crónica (ICC). En este estudio se propuso caracterizar estos patrones respiratorios a partir de la envolvente de la señal de flujo respiratorio, aplicando técnicas de análisis frecuencial y de tiempo-frecuencia. Se estudiaron registros de 45 pacientes ancianos (25 pacientes con patrón PB y 20 pacientes con respiración no periódica (nPB)). Se analizaron los resultados considerando todas las posibles combinaciones de tipos de patrones: pacientes con patrones PB (con y sin apnea) vs nPB, y patrones CSR vs PB, CSR vs nPB y PB vs nPB. En el análisis tiempo-frecuencia se obtuvo la mayor exactitud (76.3%) con parámetros correspondientes a la variabilidad frecuencial y la desviación del pico de potencia, al comparar pacientes con patrón respiratorio nPB vs PB. Considerando segmentos de señal de 5 minutos, la potencia de pico de modulación, la variabilidad frecuencial y los rangos intercuartílicos presentaron los mejores resultados, con una exactitud del 72.8% al comparar los tres grupos (nPB, PB y CSR), y del 74.2% al comparar patrones PB vs nPB

Estudio del patrón respiratorio en pacientes ancianos

La clínica relacionada con los pacientes ancianos, refleja una elevada incidencia de enfermedades de origen cardíaco y respiratorio. Alteraciones en el patrón respiratorio como son la respiración periódica (PB) y la respiración Cheyne-Stokes (CSR) pueden estar relacionadas con la insuficiencia cardíaca crónica (ICC). En este estudio se propuso caracterizar estos patrones respiratorios a partir de la envolvente de la señal de flujo respiratorio, aplicando técnicas de análisis frecuencial y de tiempo-frecuencia. Se estudiaron registros de 45 pacientes ancianos (25 pacientes con patrón PB y 20 pacientes con respiración no periódica (nPB)). Se analizaron los resultados considerando todas las posibles combinaciones de tipos de patrones: pacientes con patrones PB (con y sin apnea) vs nPB, y patrones CSR vs PB, CSR vs nPB y PB vs nPB. En el análisis tiempo-frecuencia se obtuvo la mayor exactitud (76.3%) con parámetros correspondientes a la variabilidad frecuencial y la desviación del pico de potencia, al comparar pacientes con patrón respiratorio nPB vs PB. Considerando segmentos de señal de 5 minutos, la potencia de pico de modulación, la variabilidad frecuencial y los rangos intercuartílicos presentaron los mejores resultados, con una exactitud del 72.8% al comparar los tres grupos (nPB, PB y CSR), y del 74.2% al comparar patrones PB vs nPB

Analysis of the breathing pattern in elderly patients using the Hurst exponent applied to the respiratory flow signal

Due to the increasing elderly population and the extensive number of comorbidities that affect them, studies are required to determine future increments in admission to emergency departments. Some of these studies could focus on the relation between chronic diseases and breathing pattern in elderly patients. Variations in the fractal properties of respiratory signals can be associated with several diseases. To determine the relationship between these variations and breathing patterns, and to quantify the fractal properties of respiratory flow signals, we estimated the Hurst exponent (H). Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and discrete wavelet transform-based estimation (DWTE) methods were applied. The estimation methods were analyzed using simulated data series generated by fractional Gaussian noise. 43 elderly patients (19 patients with a non-periodic breathing pattern - nPB, and 24 patients with a periodic breathing pattern - PB) were studied. The results were evaluated according to the length of data and the number of averaged data series used to obtain a good estimation. The DWTE method estimated the respiratory flow signals better than the DFA method, and obtained Hurst values clustered by group. We found significant differences in the H exponent (p = 0.002) between PB and nPB patients, which showed different behavior in the fractal properties.Peer Reviewe

Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings : the WARNING call to action

Abstract: Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or "golden rules," for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice

Infective Endocarditis in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis

International audienceInfective endocarditis (IE) is a common and serious complication in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis (HD)