NIRS potential use for the determination of natural resources quality from dehesa (acorn and grass) in Montanera system for Iberian pigs.

NIRS technology has been used as an alternative to conventional methods to determinate the content of nutrients of acorns and grass from dehesa ecosystem. Dry matter (DM), crude fat (CF), crude protein (CP), starch, total phenolic compounds (TP), α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, fatty acids, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total antioxidant activity (TAA) and total energy (TE) were determined by conventional methods for later development of NIRS predictive equations. The NIR spectrum of each sample was collected and for all studied parameters, a predictive model was obtained and external validated. Good prediction equations were obtained for moisture, crude fat, crude protein, total energy and γ-tocopherol in acorns samples, with high coefficients of correlation (1-VR) and low standard error of prediction (SEP) (1-VR=0.81, SEP=2.62; 1-VR=0.92, SEP=0.54; 1-VR=0.86, SEP=0.47; 1-VR=0.84, SEP=0.2; 1-VR=0.88, SEP=5.4, respectively) and crude protein, NDF, α-tocopherol and linolenic acid content in grass samples (1-VR=0.9, SEP=1.99; 1-VR=0.87, SEP=4.13; 1-VR=0.76, SEP=10.9; 1-VR=0.82, SEP=0.6, respectively). Therefore, these prediction models could be used to determinate the nutritional composition of Montanera natural resources

Principio registral. Tracto sucesivo

El presente trabajo se estructura sobre el principio de Tracto Sucesivo por presentar una situación sui géneris en el Derecho Inmobiliario. Tomando como punto de partida la ley 17.801, se trataran el origen del principio, su significado en el ordenamiento jurídico, y su vinculación con la legitimación del derecho. Igualmente se analizan la composición del principio (tracto formal y sustancial) y contenido. Finalmente se puntualiza el fenómeno del tracto sucesivo junto con las diversas teorías que giran en torno a el. Palabras claves: Principios registrales – tracto sucesivo – nemo plus iuri

Nickel-doped zinc oxide thin films made by spray pyrolysis: experimental characterization and theoretical analyses

Abstract A study of ZnO-based ceramic films prepared by the spray-pyrolysis technique is presented. Pure and Ni-doped thin film samples were deposited as a coating on a glass substrate and experimentally characterized using scanning electron and atomic force microscopies, X-ray diffraction, and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy. The morphologic, crystallographic, and optical properties were analyzed. Structural and electronic properties were compared to predictions obtained from computational calculations based on the density functional theory plus U approach (DFT+U). All these simulations provided additional data that could be used as a reference for material modeling and a better understanding of the experimental results. It was found that spray pyrolysis can be used to produce thin film ceramic samples (~300 nm) with low amounts (<5%) of Ni impurities substitutionally located at the cationic sites of the ZnO wurtzite host structure. The results of this investigation showed that an experimental and theoretical study aided in a better characterization of the thin films, and helped to outline a more robust model of the samples

Vascular Dysfunction in a Transgenic Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Effects of CB1R and CB2R Cannabinoid Agonists

There is evidence of altered vascular function, including cerebrovascular, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and transgenic models of the disease. Indeed vasoconstrictor responses are increased, while vasodilation is reduced in both conditions. β-Amyloid (Aβ) appears to be responsible, at least in part, of alterations in vascular function. Cannabinoids, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory agents, induce vasodilation both in vivo and in vitro. We have demonstrated a beneficial effect of cannabinoids in models of AD by preventing glial activation. In this work we have studied the effects of these compounds on vessel density in amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice, line 2576, and on altered vascular responses in aortae isolated ring. First we showed increased collagen IV positive vessels in AD brain compared to control subjects, with a similar increase in TgAPP mice, which was normalized by prolonged oral treatment with the CB1/CB2 mixed agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) and the CB2 selective agonist JWH-133 (JWH). In Tg APP mice the vasoconstriction induced by phenylephrine and the thromboxane agonist U46619 was significantly increased, and no change in the vasodilation to acetylcholine (ACh) was observed. Tg APP displayed decreased vasodilation to both cannabinoid agonists, which were able to prevent decreased ACh relaxation in the presence of Aβ. In summary, we have confirmed and extended the existence of altered vascular responses in Tg APP mice. Moreover, our results suggest that treatment with cannabinoids may ameliorate the vascular responses in AD-type pathology.This work was supported by the Council of Madrid (S- BIO/0170/2006 and P2010/BMD-2349 to MLC) and by Instituto de Salud Carlos III/FISS (PI12/00590 to TT). AM received a fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science and JN-D from FISS. Dr. R. Martínez-Murillo is acknowledged for preliminary EM experiments.Peer reviewedPeer Reviewe

The effect of water molecules on paraquat salts: from physicochemical properties to environmental impact in the Brazilian Cerrado

Introduction: The green revolution model that is followed in the Brazilian Cerrado is dependent on mechanization, chemical fertilization for soil dressing and correction, and the use of herbicides. Paraquat is a methyl viologen herbicide marketed as bipyridylium dichloride salts and used (in low doses) to combat weeds in their post-emergence stage. It is a non-selective pesticide that causes the peroxidation of the lipids that make up the cell membrane, and when it comes into contact with foliage, it results in the death of the plant.Methods: The effect of water molecules co-crystallized in Paraquat salt structures was analyzed in anhydrous, dihydrate, and trihydrate forms to understand those physicochemical properties in its redox activity. The frontier molecular orbitals were also carried out using DFT to obtain the chemical reactivity of the bipyridylium cation. Finally, the supramolecular arrangements were evaluated to analyze the physicochemical stability and acquire insights on superoxide anions.Results and discussion: The electronic structure indicated that the BP cation presents an acidic character due to its low ELUMO value, while the salt has a more basic character due to its high EHOMO value. For this reason, the BP ion is more susceptible to reduction during the weeds’ photosynthesis process. During the process of plant photosynthesis, PQ is reduced to form a stable radical cation. In the supramolecular arrangement, the presence of water molecules increases the number of strong H-bonds, while the weak/moderate H-bonds are stabilized. PQ’s toxic effects are observed in wildlife, domesticated animals, human populations, and ecosystems. The influence of PQ on the terrestrial environment is limited because of the soil adsorption capacity associated with good agricultural practices. The current use of good agricultural practices in the Cerrado seems not to prevent the environmental impacts of herbicides like PQ because it aims for the expansion and profitability of large-scale farming based on input-intensive practices instead of sustainable agriculture processes

Decentralized treatment of domestic wastewater in the metropolitan area of valle de lerma, province of Salta, Argentina

En este trabajo se han evaluado doce sistemas de tratamiento descentralizado de aguas residuales domésticas ubicados en distintos sectores del área metropolitana del Valle de Lerma, en la provincia de Salta (Argentina).Se muestrearon los efluentes de tres tipos de sistemas: (A) Cámara séptica; (B) Cámara séptica y reactor UASB; (C) Cámara séptica, UASB y filtro lento. Los resultados muestran que en términos de DQO los sistemas cumplen con la normativa aplicable para volcamiento en pozos absorbentes o absorción por suelo, siendo el sistema de tipo A el que mostro mayor concentración de DQO. Los niveles de coliformes fecales fueron altos en todos los sistemas evaluados, por lo que sería necesaria una etapa final de desinfección a los fines de minimizar los riesgos de contaminación de cuerpos de agua y afectaciones a la salud humana. Los sistemas descentralizados podrían ser una opción válida a ser tenida en cuenta formalmente en la planificación territorial y urbana en el área metropolitana del Valle de Lerma (AMVL). Sin embargo, es necesario profundizar la evaluación del funcionamiento de los sistemas, analizar las perspectivas sociales existentes y avanzar en la construcción de un marco legal que de formalidad y control a estas alternativas tecnológicas.In this paper was evaluated twelve decentralized treatment systems of domestic wastewater located in different sectors of the metropolitan area of the Valle de Lerma, in the province of Salta (Argentina). Have been sampled three types of systems: (A) septic tank; (B) septic tank and UASB reactor; (C) Septic tank, UASB and slow filter. The results show that in terms of COD all systems comply with the regulations applicable to final disposal in wells or absorption by ground, with a system type A which showed higher concentration of COD. Fecal coliform levels were high in all systems evaluated, so a final disinfection stage coul be necessary in order to minimize the risks of contamination of water bodies and human health. Decentralized systems could be a valid option to be formally taken into account in territorial and urban planning in the AMVL. However, it is necessary to deepen the performance evaluation of systems, assess existing social perspectives and progress in building a legal and formal framework to control the performance of these technological alternatives.Fil: Iribarnegaray, Martín Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Alvarez, Maria Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; ArgentinaFil: Oliva, D.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; ArgentinaFil: Tejerina, W.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; ArgentinaFil: Liberal, Viviana Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; ArgentinaFil: Seghezzo, Lucas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; Argentin

Potential Use of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Predict Fatty Acid Profile of Meat from Different European Autochthonous Pig Breeds

Autochthonous pig breeds provide products of differentiated quality, among which quality control is difficult to perform and insufficient for current market requirements. The present research evaluates the predictive ability of near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, combined with chemometric methods as a rapid and affordable tool to assure traceability and quality control. Thus, NIR technology was assessed for intact and minced muscle Longissimus thoracis et lumborum samples collected from 12 European autochthonous pig breeds for the quantification of lipid content and fatty acid composition. Different tests were performed using different numbers of samples for calibration and validation. The best predictive ability was found using minced presentation and set with 80% of the samples for the calibration and the remaining 20% for the external validation test for the following traits: lipid content and saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which attained both the highest determination coefficients (0.89, 0.61, and 0.65, respectively) and the lowest root mean square errors in external validation (0.62, 1.82, and 1.36, respectively). Lower predictive ability was observed for intact muscles. These results could contribute to improve the management of autochthonous breeds and to ensure quality of their products by traditional meat industry chains

Seguimiento de un sistema combinado de tratamiento de líquidos cloacales con un reactor UASB y lagunas de estabilización

Se estudia el comportamiento de un sistema combinado de tratamiento de líquidos cloacales, de escala piloto, compuesto por un reactor UASB y lagunas de estabilización (tratamiento terciario) durante aproximadamente 800 días de operación. Se determinó la remoción de materia orgánica en el sistema y se compara con resultados previos obtenidos con el sistema compuesto por dos reactores UASB – lagunas. La remoción de materia orgánica media en el Reactor UASB fue de aproximadamente 72%, con una concentración de salida promedio de 100,6 mg/L mientras que la remoción total en el Sistema Combinado fue del 73% a lo largo de toda la experiencia. El sistema combinado Reactor UASB- Lagunas es una opción atractiva para el tratamiento de líquidos cloacales en regiones subtropicales.The behavior of an anaerobic- aerobic Combined System for sewage treatment, pilot plant size, was studied for an operating period of nearly 800 days. The system, made up by one UASB reactor and stabilization ponds in series, was compared with another system of two UASB reactors and ponds previously studied, measuring the removal of organic matter (as % of removed COD) of the whole system and its components. In the UASB Reactor the average COD removal was nearly 72% and average COD effluent concentration was 100,0 mg /L, while in the whole Combined System COD removal was 73% during all the operating period. The Combined System UASB Reactor- Stabilization Ponds constitutes an attractive option for sewage treatment in subtropical regions.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Seguimiento de un sistema combinado de tratamiento de líquidos cloacales con un reactor UASB y lagunas de estabilización

Se estudia el comportamiento de un sistema combinado de tratamiento de líquidos cloacales, de escala piloto, compuesto por un reactor UASB y lagunas de estabilización (tratamiento terciario) durante aproximadamente 800 días de operación. Se determinó la remoción de materia orgánica en el sistema y se compara con resultados previos obtenidos con el sistema compuesto por dos reactores UASB – lagunas. La remoción de materia orgánica media en el Reactor UASB fue de aproximadamente 72%, con una concentración de salida promedio de 100,6 mg/L mientras que la remoción total en el Sistema Combinado fue del 73% a lo largo de toda la experiencia. El sistema combinado Reactor UASB- Lagunas es una opción atractiva para el tratamiento de líquidos cloacales en regiones subtropicales.The behavior of an anaerobic- aerobic Combined System for sewage treatment, pilot plant size, was studied for an operating period of nearly 800 days. The system, made up by one UASB reactor and stabilization ponds in series, was compared with another system of two UASB reactors and ponds previously studied, measuring the removal of organic matter (as % of removed COD) of the whole system and its components. In the UASB Reactor the average COD removal was nearly 72% and average COD effluent concentration was 100,0 mg /L, while in the whole Combined System COD removal was 73% during all the operating period. The Combined System UASB Reactor- Stabilization Ponds constitutes an attractive option for sewage treatment in subtropical regions.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Seguimiento de un sistema combinado de tratamiento de líquidos cloacales con un reactor UASB y lagunas de estabilización

Se estudia el comportamiento de un sistema combinado de tratamiento de líquidos cloacales, de escala piloto, compuesto por un reactor UASB y lagunas de estabilización (tratamiento terciario) durante aproximadamente 800 días de operación. Se determinó la remoción de materia orgánica en el sistema y se compara con resultados previos obtenidos con el sistema compuesto por dos reactores UASB – lagunas. La remoción de materia orgánica media en el Reactor UASB fue de aproximadamente 72%, con una concentración de salida promedio de 100,6 mg/L mientras que la remoción total en el Sistema Combinado fue del 73% a lo largo de toda la experiencia. El sistema combinado Reactor UASB- Lagunas es una opción atractiva para el tratamiento de líquidos cloacales en regiones subtropicales.The behavior of an anaerobic- aerobic Combined System for sewage treatment, pilot plant size, was studied for an operating period of nearly 800 days. The system, made up by one UASB reactor and stabilization ponds in series, was compared with another system of two UASB reactors and ponds previously studied, measuring the removal of organic matter (as % of removed COD) of the whole system and its components. In the UASB Reactor the average COD removal was nearly 72% and average COD effluent concentration was 100,0 mg /L, while in the whole Combined System COD removal was 73% during all the operating period. The Combined System UASB Reactor- Stabilization Ponds constitutes an attractive option for sewage treatment in subtropical regions.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES