Os efeitos de uma proposta pedagógica sobre a aptidão física de crianças do ensino fundamental

A ausência de bons indicadores de aptidão física de crianças brasileiras está se tornando cada vez mais um problema de saúde pública. Nesse sentido, as propostas pedagógicas com intervenção no ambiente escolar têm se tornado um importante tema de pesquisa para professores de Educação Física e pesquisadores da área da saúde. Para isso, a escola, local onde as crianças passam grande parte do seu dia, torna-se um ambiente fundamental para se realizar estudos na perspectiva de melhorar a aptidão física e aumentar o tempo de atividade física desde cedo. Sendo assim o objetivo dessa dissertação foi avaliar os efeitos do treino integrativo neuromuscular (PROFIT-BR) acrescentado as unidades temáticas da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) sobre a aptidão física de crianças do ensino fundamental. A proposta pedagógica foi realizada no início das aulas de educação física com exercícios baseados no treino integrativo neuromuscular. O tempo aproximado foi de quinze minutos em cada aula e o restante foi utilizado para o desenvolvimento das unidades temáticas. A intervenção teve duração de dezenove semanas, e frequência semanal de três aulas. Para tal foram incluídas no estudo 63 crianças de seis a nove anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, matriculadas nos 1º, 2º e 3º anos do ensino fundamental de uma escola municipal de Canoas-RS. Foram mensuradas: a estimativa de excesso de peso (IMC) e estimativa de excesso de gordura visceral (RCE), aptidão cardiorrespiratória, flexibilidade, força muscular localizada, potência de membros superiores e inferiores, agilidade e velocidade com base no manual de medidas e testes para avaliação do Projeto Esporte Brasil - PROESP-Br. A magnitude do tamanho do efeito foi estimada pelo “eta ao quadrado parcial”. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas com a probabilidade de 5% de erro nas análises. Os resultados demonstraram que as crianças apresentaram efeito significativo e muito elevado na agilidade; efeito elevado na força muscular localizada e potência de membros inferiores; efeito médio na potência de membros superiores e velocidade. Conclui-se que a proposta pedagógica através do PROFITBR acrescentado a BNCC, se mostrou promissora na melhora da aptidão física de crianças principalmente na agilidade, potência e força muscular localizada.The absence of good indicators of physical fitness in Brazilian children is increasingly becoming a public health problem. In this sense, pedagogical proposals with intervention in the school environment have become an important research theme for Physical Education teachers and health researchers. For this, the school, the place where children spend a large part of their day, becomes a fundamental environment to carry out studies in order to improve the physical fitness of children and increase the time spent with physical activity from an early age. Thus, the objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the effects of integrative neuromuscular training (PROFIT-BR) by adding the thematic units of the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) on the physical fitness of elementary school children. The pedagogical proposal was carried out at the beginning of physical education classes with exercises based on integrative neuromuscular training. The approximate time was fifteen minutes in each class and the rest was used for the development of the thematic units. The intervention lasted nineteen weeks, with a weekly frequency of three classes. To this end, 63 children from six to nine years of age, of both sexes, enrolled in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd elementary school grades of a municipal school in Canoas-RS were included in the study. The following were measured: the estimate of excess weight (BMI) and the estimate of excess visceral fat (RCE), cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, localized muscle strength, power of upper and lower limbs, agility and speed based on the measurements and tests manual for the evaluation of PROESP-Br. The magnitude of the effect size was estimated by the "partial squared eta". Statistical analyzes were carried out with a probability of 5% of errors in the analyzes. The results showed that the children had a significant and very high effect on agility; high effect on localized muscle strength and lower limb power; medium effect on upper limb power and speed. It is concluded that the pedagogical proposal through PROFIT-BR added to BNCC, has shown to be promising in the improvement of the physical aptitude mainly in the agility, power and localized muscular strength

Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery From the Pulmonary Artery: An Uncommon Coronary Anomaly With Serious Implications in Adulthood

A 36-year-old woman was seen with complaints of exertional chest pain and shortness of breath. Her medical history included atrial fibrillation and diabetes. Physical examination was unremarkable except for an irregular cardiac rhythm. Myocardial perfusion imaging revealed the presence of a large area of infarction involving the entire anterior and apical walls and part of the anteroseptal wall with minimal periinfarct ischemia. Computed tomography coronary angiogram revealed an anomalous left main coronary artery arising from the main pulmonary artery. Right and left heart catheterizations demonstrated moderate pulmonary hypertension with a slight step-up in oxygen saturation between the right ventricle and main pulmonary artery. Coronary angiography showed a large tortuous right coronary artery with collaterals to the left anterior descending artery that drained into the main pulmonary artery. She was referred for surgery. This case demonstrates a rare coronary artery anomaly in an adult where survival is dependent on collateral circulation

Phylogeny of European Anodontini (Bivalvia: Unionidae) with a redescription of Anodonta exulcerata

Freshwater bivalves are highly threatened and globally declining due to multiple anthropogenic impacts, making them important conservation targets. Because conservation policies and actions generally occur at the species level, accurate species identification and delimitation is critical. A recent phylogenetic study of Italian mussel populations revalidated an Anodonta species bringing the number of known European Anodontini from three to four species. The current study contributes to the clarification of the taxonomy and systematics of European Anodontini, using a combination of molecular, morphological and anatomical data, and constructs phylogenies based on complete mitogenomes. A redescription of A. exulcerata and a comparative analysis of morphological and anatomical characters with respect to the other two species of Anodonta present in the area are provided. No reliable diagnostic character has emerged from comparative analysis of the morphometric characters of 109 specimens from 16 sites across the Italian peninsula. In fact, the discriminant analysis resulted in a greater probability of correct assignment to the site of origin than to the species. This confirms the difficulties of an uncritical application of visual characters for the delimitation of species, especially for Anodontinae.This research was developed under ConBiomics: the missing approach for the conservation of freshwater bivalves project Nº NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-030286, cofinanced by COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and the European Union through the ERDF - European Regional Development Fund and by FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, through national funds (UID/Multi/04423/2019). FCT also supported Manuel Lopes-Lima (SFRH/BD/115728/2016).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Presença de lactose em medicamentos isentos de prescrição

Introdução: A polifarmácia e a automedicação estão presentes na população brasileira, sendo frequente sua ocorrência com medicamentos isentos de prescrição. Ademais, a lactose é utilizada como excipiente em formas farmacêuticas sólidas. Objetivo: O presente estudo constitui uma pesquisa sobre lactose, na condição de excipiente, em medicamentos isentos de prescrição (MIPs). Metodologia: Em 391 MIPs presentes em cinco formas farmacêuticas sólidas e analisadas por classes, categorias e marcas, foram coletadas, nos meses de abril e maio de 2018, informações quanto à presença de lactose em bulas disponíveis nos sites da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e da indústria farmacêutica no Brasil. Resultados: Constatou-se que a lactose está presente em 43,48% dos MIPs, sendo mais frequente nos comprimidos e comprimidos revestidos, nas proporções de 42,94% e 36,47%, respectivamente. Ela foi encontrada, predominantemente, em medicamentos similares, principalmente antialérgicos, analgésicos não opioides e anti-inflamatórios não esteroides, bem como na totalidade dos antidiarreicos e laxantes. Das 88 marcas analisadas, 30 apresentaram mais de 50% dos produtos com lactose. Identificou-se um percentual expressivo de medicamentos utilizados no controle dos sintomas de intolerância à lactose que continham esse carboidrato como excipiente. Conclusão: Nas formas farmacêuticas analisadas, a presença de lactose nos MIPs é superior a 40%. A lactose presente pode ser agravante de sintomas gastrintestinais. Portanto, é essencial incluir, na embalagem dos medicamentos, a frase de alerta sobre a presença desse açúcar, visando à sua ampla divulgação, particularmente dirigida aos indivíduos com restrição de uso dessa substância

A Regulatory Circuit Integrating Stress-Induced with Natural Leaf Senescence

Any condition that disrupts the ER homeostasis activates a cytoprotective signaling cascade, designated as the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is transduced in plant cells by a bipartite signaling module. Activation of IRE1/bZIP60 and bZIP28/bZIP17, which represent the bipartite signaling arms and serve as ER stress sensors and transducers, results in the upregulation of ER protein processing machinery-related genes to recover from stress. However, if the ER stress persists and the cell is unable to restore ER homeostasis, programmed cell death signaling pathways are activated for survival. Here, we describe an ER stress-induced plant-specific cell death program, which is a shared response to multiple stress signals. This signaling pathway was first identified through genome-wide expression profile of differentially expressed genes in response to combined ER stress and osmotic stress. Among them, the development and cell death domain-containing N-rich proteins (DCD/NRPs), NRP-A and NRP-B, and the transcriptional factor GmNAC81 were selected as mediators of cell death in plants. These genes were used as targets to identify additional components of the cell death pathway, which is described here as a regulatory circuit that integrates a stress-induced cell death program with leaf senescence via the NRP-A/NRP-B/GmNAC81:GmNAC30/VPE signaling module

Effect of farnesol on structure and composition of staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm matrix

Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most frequent cause of nosocomial sepsis and catheter-related infections in which biofilm formation is considered to be one of the main virulence mechanisms. Moreover, their increased resistance to conventional antibiotic therapy enhances the need to develop new therapeutical agents. Farnesol, a natural sesquiterpenoid present in many essential oils, has been described as impairing bacterial growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of farnesol on the structure and composition of biofilm matrix of S. epidermidis. Biofilms formed in the presence of farnesol (300 μM) contained less biomass, and displayed notable changes in the composition of the biofilm matrix. Changes in the spacial structure were also verified by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). The results obtained by the quantification of extracellular polymers and by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) fluorescent detection of glycoproteins containing β(1→4)-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine support the hypothesis that farnesol causes disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane and consequently release of cellular content.Fernanda Gomes and Pilar Teixeira fully acknowledge the financial support of Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) through the grants SFRH/BD/32126/2006 and SFRH/BPD/26803/2006, respectively

Hanseniase neural primaria: revisao sistematica

The authors proposed a systematic review on the current concepts of primary neural leprosy by consulting the following online databases: MEDLINE, Lilacs/SciELO, and Embase. Selected studies were classified based on the degree of recommendation and levels of scientific evidence according to the “Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine”. The following aspects were reviewed: cutaneous clinical and laboratorial investigations, i.e. skin clinical exam, smears, and biopsy, and Mitsuda's reaction; neurological investigation (anamnesis, electromyography and nerve biopsy); serological investigation and molecular testing, i.e. serological testing for the detection of the phenolic glycolipid 1 (PGL-I) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR); and treatment (classification criteria for the definition of specific treatment, steroid treatment, and cure criteria).Os autores propuseram-se a realizar uma revisão sistemática em conceitos atuais sobre a hanseníase neural primária, consultando as seguintes bases bibliográficas on-line: MEDLINE, Lilacs/SciELO e Embase. Os estudos selecionados foram classificados conforme o grau de recomendação e o nível de evidência científica de acordo com o “Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine”. Os seguintes temas foram revisados: investigações clínica e laboratorial cutâneas, ou seja, exame, esfregaço e biópsia de pele e reação de Mitsuda; investigação neurológica (anamnese, eletroneuromiografia e biópsia de nervo); investigação sorológica e testes moleculares, ou seja, testes sorológicos para detecção de um glicolipídio fenólico e reação de cadeia de polimerase (PCR) e tratamento (critérios de classificação para definição de tratamento específico, tratamento com esteroides e critérios de cura).Secretaria de Estado de Saude Instituto Lauro de Souza LimaUniversidade de São Paulo (USP) School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto Department of NeurosciencesUSP Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryFundacao Oswaldo CruzUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of DermatologySecretaria de Estado de Saude Instituto de SaudeConselho Federal de Medicina Associacao Medica Brasileira Projeto DiretrizesUNIFESP, Department of DermatologySciEL

Maximizing efficiency of rumen microbial protein production.

Rumen microbes produce cellular protein inefficiently partly because they do not direct all ATP toward growth. They direct some ATP toward maintenance functions, as long-recognized, but they also direct ATP toward reserve carbohydrate synthesis and energy spilling (futile cycles that dissipate heat). Rumen microbes expend ATP by vacillating between (1) accumulation of reserve carbohydrate after feeding (during carbohydrate excess) and (2) mobilization of that carbohydrate thereafter (during carbohydrate limitation). Protozoa account for most accumulation of reserve carbohydrate, and in competition experiments, protozoa accumulated nearly 35-fold more reserve carbohydrate than bacteria. Some pure cultures of bacteria spill energy, but only recently have mixed rumen communities been recognized as capable of the same. When these communities were dosed glucose in vitro, energy spilling could account for nearly 40% of heat production. We suspect that cycling of glycogen (a major reserve carbohydrate) is a major mechanism of spilling; such cycling has already been observed in single-species cultures of protozoa and bacteria. Interconversions of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) may also expend ATP and depress efficiency of microbial protein production. These interconversions may involve extensive cycling of intermediates, such as cycling of acetate during butyrate production in certain butyrivibrios. We speculate this cycling may expend ATP directly or indirectly. By further quantifying the impact of reserve carbohydrate accumulation, energy spilling, and SCFA interconversions on growth efficiency, we can improve prediction of microbial protein production and guide efforts to improve efficiency of microbial protein production in the rumen