Shieldmaiden

Shieldmaiden is a poem that examines J.R.R. Tolkien\u27s Lord of the Rings series from a feminist perspective, focusing on the character of Éowyn and her influence on female readers of Tolkien\u27s novels

Incivility in the Workplace: The Experiences of Female Sport Management Faculty in Higher Education

Access to higher education for women has dramatically increased in the United States during the past 50 years. Female college graduates have reversed the figures and gone from being outnumbered by their male counterparts 3 to 2 in the 1970s, to now outnumbering male college graduates 3 to 2. Women also graduate from masters and doctoral programs at a higher rate than men. However, increases in the number of women obtaining college and advanced degrees has not translated to comparable representation in faculty positions or leadership roles in higher education. This lack of women in leadership positions, as well as perceived discrimination against female faculty, may be even more of a concern in sport management programs. Sport is considered a male domain, and women are often seen as intruders in this realm. The purpose of this study was to examine the manifestation of incivility from colleagues and superiors experienced within a sample of female sport management faculty members utilizing social identity theory as a guiding framework. Incivility was conceptualized for the current study as deviant behavior that is not necessarily intended to physically harm the target (e.g., belittling others, showing disdain to someone while they are talking, engaging in outside tasks during meetings)

Vasopressin and Oxytocin Reduce Food Sharing Behavior in Male, but Not Female Marmosets in Family Groups

Oxytocin (OT) is critical for lactation and maternal care, but OT and the related nonapeptide vasopressin are important for caregiving behaviors in fathers and alloparents as well. This experiment tested the effects of vasopressin and OT on food sharing in marmoset families. We treated caregivers (parents, siblings) with intranasal vasopressin, OT, or saline, and then paired them with the youngest marmoset in the family. Caregivers were given preferred food, and then observed for food sharing and aggressive behavior with young marmosets. OT reduced food sharing from male alloparents to youngest siblings, and fathers that received vasopressin refused to share food with their youngest offspring more often than when treated with OT. Vasopressin increased aggressive vocalizations directed toward potential food recipients in all classes of caregivers. These results indicate that vasopressin and OT do not always enhance prosocial behavior: modulation of food sharing depends on both sex and parental status

Demographic profile of 266 mother-infant dyads presenting to a multidisciplinary breast-feeding clinic: a descriptive study

Worldwide, sustained breastfeeding rates are lower than optimal. Mothers and infants with suboptimal breastfeeding present to a wide variety of practitioners to assist their goal of total breastfeeding. To support these mother-infant dyads, a multi-disciplinary chiropractic and midwifery feeding clinic was opened alongside a chiropractic teaching clinic in England. To improve understanding of the presentation and clinical needs of these nursing dyads, a descriptive study was developed. This paper provides an overview of the cases that presented to this clinic over nine months, with a focus on feeding difficulties, birth and musculoskeletal problems in the infant. Mothers frequently reported more than one type of feeding problem, which most commonly included difficulty attaching, painful feeding, and a one sided feeding preference. Birth intervention was more common in this population than the national averages, particularly forceps deliveries. Musculoskeletal problems were prevalent in the babies presented to the feeding clinic, most commonly of the thoracic spine, cervical spine and sternocleidomastoid. Although causation cannot be established from this type of study, intervention at birth, feeding difficulties and musculoskeletal problems frequently coexisted in these infants. Therefore, including musculoskeletal care for infants as part of support for suboptimal breastfeeding may be appropriate

“She is the Best Female Coach”: Female Swimming Coaches’ Experiences of Sexism

Sport participation for women and girls is at an all-time high in the United States, but women are still widely underrepresented in leadership positions and coaching (Acosta & Carpenter, 2014). Women hold approximately 50% of head coaching positions of women’s teams in the National Collegiate Athletic Association, and only 18% of the head coaching positions of women’s swimming and diving teams (LaVoi & Silva-Breen, 2018). Numerous barriers have been identified through previous research on the factors that inhibit upward career mobility for female coaches. Semi-structured interviews were used to examine the career experiences of 21 current or former female swimming coaches at the NCAA Division I level. The theme of sexism in coaching was pervasive and identified in five different categories: (a) misidentification, (b) differential treatment, (c) isolation, (d) tokenism, and (e) motherhood. The sexism that female coaches experience hinders upward career mobility which can lead to career dissatisfaction and early exits from the field, contributing to the underrepresentation of women in the profession

Vocal response of piglets to castration: identifying procedural sources of pain

Abstract The aims of this study were to identify which aspects of castration are painful to piglets, and to determine if less painful methods are available. Previous work has shown that piglets produce more high frequency calls (>1 kHz) when castrated than when handled identically but not castrated, or when castrated using a local anesthetic. In Experiment 1, we used 90 piglets to assess the vocal responses to different components of the castration procedure: restraint, washing the ano-genital region, scrotal incision, and pulling/severing of the spermatic cords. Compared to sham-operated animals (which were restrained and washed but not castrated) incision of the scrotum produced much more high-frequency calling than restraint alone at the same stage of the procedure. Pulling and severing the spermatic cords evoked the greatest amount of calling, signi®cantly more than the incision, regardless of the order in which the incision and pull/sever were performed (P<0.001). In Experiment 2 (49 piglets), we found no difference in calling between two methods routinely used to sever the spermatic cord: cutting the cord with a scalpel versus tearing the cord by pulling on the testicle. These ®ndings suggest that the pulling and severing of the spermatic cords are the most painful components of castration, yet altering the method of severing resulted in no change in call rate. Rather than focusing on pain control, welfare problems associated with castration may be better reduced by using non-surgical approaches, or by eliminating the need for castration in the ®rst place.

Vasopressin and Oxytocin Reduce Food Sharing Behavior in Male, but Not Female Marmosets in Family Groups

Oxytocin (OT) is critical for lactation and maternal care, but OT and the related nonapeptide vasopressin are important for caregiving behaviors in fathers and alloparents as well. This experiment tested the effects of vasopressin and OT on food sharing in marmoset families. We treated caregivers (parents, siblings) with intranasal vasopressin, OT, or saline, and then paired them with the youngest marmoset in the family. Caregivers were given preferred food, and then observed for food sharing and aggressive behavior with young marmosets. OT reduced food sharing from male alloparents to youngest siblings, and fathers that received vasopressin refused to share food with their youngest offspring more often than when treated with OT. Vasopressin increased aggressive vocalizations directed toward potential food recipients in all classes of caregivers. These results indicate that vasopressin and OT do not always enhance prosocial behavior: modulation of food sharing depends on both sex and parental status

Concert recording 2012-11-05

[Track 01]. Danse macabre / Camille Saint-Saens -- [Track 02]. Mazurka / Francis Poulenc -- [Track 03]. Now sleeps the crimson petal / Roger Quilter -- [Track 04]. O cessate di piagarmi / Alessandro Scarlatti -- [Track 05]. Widmung / Robert Schumann -- [Track 06]. Pique dame. Pauline\u27s aria / Peter IIlyich Tchaikovsky -- [Track 07]. Don Giovanni. Deh vieni alla finestra / Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart -- [Track 08]. Manon. Epouse quelque brave fille / Jules Massenet -- Die tote Stadt. Tanzlied des pierrot / Erick Wolfgang Korngold -- [Track 09]. Die Forelle / Franz Schubert -- [Track 10]. Ici-bas / Gabriel Faure -- [Track 11]. Un ballo in maschera. Saper vorreste / Guiseppe Verdi -- [Track 12]. Il Floriodo. Per pieta / Alessandro Stradella -- [Track 13]. Mein schoner stern/ Robert Schumann -- [Track 14]. Fleur jetee / Gabriel Faure -- [Track 15]. A view from the bridge. New York lights / William Bolcom -- [Track 16]. Les nuits d\u27ete. Vilanelle / Hector Berlioz -- [Track 17]. Ständchen / Joseph Marx -- Will there really be a morning? / Andre Previn -- The trees on the mountain / Carlisle Floyd

Mechanism of Vanadium Leaching during Surface Weathering of Basic Oxygen Furnace Steel Slag Blocks: A Microfocus X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Electron Microscopy Study

© 2017 American Chemical Society. Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking slag is enriched in potentially toxic V which may become mobilized in high pH leachate during weathering. BOF slag was weathered under aerated and air-excluded conditions for 6 months prior to SEM/EDS and μXANES analysis to determine V host phases and speciation in both primary and secondary phases. Leached blocks show development of an altered region in which free lime and dicalcium silicate phases were absent and Ca-Si-H was precipitated (CaCO 3 was also present under aerated conditions). μXANES analyses show that V was released to solution as V(V) during dicalcium silicate dissolution and some V was incorporated into neo-formed Ca-Si-H. Higher V concentrations were observed in leachate under aerated conditions than in the air-excluded leaching experiment. Aqueous V concentrations were controlled by Ca 3 (VO 4 ) 2 solubility, which demonstrate an inverse relationship between Ca and V concentrations. Under air-excluded conditions Ca concentrations were controlled by dicalcium silicate dissolution and Ca-Si-H precipitation, leading to relatively high Ca and correspondingly low V concentrations. Formation of CaCO 3 under aerated conditions provided a sink for aqueous Ca, allowing higher V concentrations limited by kinetic dissolution rates of dicalcium silicate. Thus, V release may be slowed by the precipitation of secondary phases in the altered region, improving the prospects for slag reuse

Effect of time at temperature on wild poliovirus titers in stool specimens

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of transport temperature on the viability of poliovirus in stool specimens from paralyzed cases has not been tested. Quality assurance of programmatic indicators will be necessary in the final phase of polio eradication.ObjectiveTo estimate the effect of time at elevated temperatures on wild poliovirus titers in stool specimens.MethodsWe exposed aliquots of pooled wild poliovirus type 1 specimens to elevated temperatures (27°C, 31°C, and 35°C) for varying time periods up to 14 days. We determined the virus titer of these aliquots and created decay curves at each temperature to estimate the relationship between time at temperature and virus titer.ResultsWe found significantly different slopes of decay at each temperature. The negative slopes increased as the temperature increased.ConclusionsWhile poliovirus in stool remains relatively stable at moderately elevated temperature, transport at higher temperatures could impact sample integrity and virus isolation results