(Board)ing Schools: Rudyard Kipling’s young heroes

Rudyard Kipling’s young male characters, namely Stalky (Stalky & Co. ) and Harvey Cheyne Junior (Captains Courageous), whom he portrays with noticeable admiration, exhibit, on the one hand, circumspection, stoicism, leadership, and stalkiness, on the other hand, the absence of scruples in manipulating those acting in loco parentis to achieve their desired ends. This article aims to examine how these characters can shed light on one another, allowing for a better comprehension of them both. Furthermore, it will explore how the religious archetype of the trinity permeates Stalky & Co.’s composition of characters, and how muscular Christianity shapes Captains Courageous. Stalky and Harvey thrive in a masculine world, access to which requires leaving women behind, substituting them with brotherhoods or identification with the father. The perfect man, Kipling postulates, is the resourceful and courageous rule-bending Christian who is able to keep women and natives in a state of obedience.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Climate Justice Partnership Linking Universities and Community Organizations in Toronto, Durban, Maputo and Nairobi

This paper describes a project based at York University in Toronto, funded through the Climate Change Adaptation in Africa program of the International Development Research Centre and the UK Department for International Development (DFID), which is working to increase the participation of marginalized groups, especially women, in urban water governance.Students and faculty members from the University of Nairobi, Kenya; Eduardo Mondlane University in Maputo, Mozambique; and the University of KwaZulu-Natal in Durban, South Africa are working with civil society organizations in the three cities and with York University researchers to show how organizing in local communities can help the vulnerable to deal with climate change.As people in marginalized communities begin to address collectively the impacts of climate change, this summons political attention and allows those with direct experience to influence government policy. Civil society organizations, with support from local and international faculty and students, facilitate and focus this activism. University students help to document the NGOs’ work during internships with the NGOs. They also learn community development skills and make contacts. Faculty members publish and disseminate ideas about grassroots climate change adaptation and resulting political responses through presentations, publications and the project’s website (www.ccaa.irisyorku.ca)This research was supported by the International Development Research Centre, grant numbe

PENGARUH PROPORSI TEPUNG PISANG DAN TAPIOKA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK SNACK BAR

Snack bar adalah makanan ringan yang praktis untuk dikonsumsi dan memiliki nilai gizi yang baik. Bahan baku yang digunakan dalam pembuatan snack bar dalam penelitian ini adalah tepung pisang. Tepung pisang merupakan tepung yang diolah dari hasil penggilingan buah pisang kering. Buah pisang yang diolah menjadi tepung pisang dapat memperpanjang umur simpan dan mempermudah penggunaan buah pisang dalam produk pangan. Bahan pengisi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jamur kuping dan kacang tanah. Kacang tanah dipilih untuk menambah kandungan protein dari snack bar sedangkan jamur kuping digunakan untuk menambah kandungan serat pada snack bar. Bahan pengikat diperlukan dalam pembuatan snack bar sebagai pembentuk adonan yang kompak. Bahan pengikat yang dapat digunakan salah satunya adalah tapioka. Tapioka dipilih karena mudah ditemukan dipasaran dan memiliki harga yang cukup terjangkau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh proporsi tapioka terhadap karakteristik snack bar tepung pisang. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktor tunggal, yaitu proporsi tepung pisang dan tapioka yang terdiri dari tujuh taraf perlakuan dan ulangan sebanyak empat kali, yaitu 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, 75:25 dan 70:30 (%b/b). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh penambahan proporsi tepung pisang dan tapioka terhadap sifat fisik dan organoleptik, namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar air snack bar. Perlakuan terbaik berdasarkan uji organoleptik adalah snack bar dengan proporsi tepung pisang dan tapioka sebesar 90:10% (b/b) dengan kadar air 2,21%, nilai lightness sebesar 53,50, nilai hue 62,93, nilai chroma 17,91, nilai hardness sebesar 5,87 N dan nilai fracturability 5,80

Children's letters: Considerations on reading in the decades of 1930 and 1940

In the decades of 30 and 40 the writers: Monteiro Lobato, in Brazil, and Laura Ingalls Wilder, in the United States of America, received hundreds of letters of its readers. By this documentation we can compare the practices of literary readings during the childhood in these two nations, as well as having important observations about what was to be a child in both countries.Durante as décadas de 30 e 40 os escritores: Monteiro Lobato, no Brasil, e Laura Ingalls Wilder, nos Estados Unidos da América do Norte receberam de crianças leitoras centenas de cartas. Utilizando esse corpo documental esse artigo pretende realizar uma análise comparativa das práticas de leitura literária durante a infância nesses dois países, assim como também aborda alguns aspectos do papel social da infância e as peculiaridades do que era ser criança nesses dois contextos

Mobilidades e etnicidade nos territórios da costura

In this article, we address the Bolivian work in the clothing industry in the cities of São Paulo (Brazil) and Buenos Aires (Argentina) through an analysis of the social networks that allow the entry and circulation of migrants in this activity. In the light of urban sociology debate on immigrant economies, we wonder whether these activities produce ethnic economies or circulatory territories. Based on multi-site participant observation and 50 interviews with Bolivian workers, we propose the hypothesis of a hybrid economy, with a strong ethnic component associated to high mobility of workers in multiethnic contexts. We argue that this hybridity is due to the formation of two contracting network types with different logics of operation: one, from the migrant’s place of origin in Bolivia and, the other, in the migrant’s destination cities. Circumstances that allow us to see the emergence of new cosmopolitanisms in these sewing territories. However, these new cosmopolitanisms are ambivalently associated with the appeals of ethnicity, outlining a new field of political clashes, internal to the Bolivian community, around their identity belonging in the destination cities.Neste artigo, abordamos a inserção boliviana no trabalho de confecção de roupas nas cidades de São Paulo (Brasil) e Buenos Aires (Argentina) por meio de uma análise das redes sociais que permitem a inserção e circulação dos migrantes nessa atividade. À luz dos debates da sociologia urbana sobre as economias migrantes, indagamos se essa atividade constitui economias étnicas ou territórios circulatórios. A partir de observação participante multissituada e 50 entrevistas semiestruturadas com os trabalhadores migrantes, formulamos a hipótese de que se trata de uma formação híbrida, com forte componente étnico associado a uma intensa circulação de trabalhadores em espaços multiétnicos. Argumentamos que esse hibridismo se deve à coexistência de dois tipos de redes sociais de contratação, com lógicas diferenciadas: uma, desde os locais de origem dos migrantes, na Bolívia e, outra, nas cidades de destino da migração. Circunstâncias que permitem entrever a emergência de novos cosmopolitismos nesses territórios da costura. No entanto, esses novos cosmopolitismos associam-se de maneira ambivalente com os apelos da etnicidade, delineando um novo campo de embates políticos, interno à comunidade boliviana, em torno de seus pertencimentos identitários nas cidades de destino

El Tango y La Vanguardia

El Tango y La Vanguardia       El tango tuvo su nacimiento en los fines del siglo XIX, en la región del Rio de la Plata. Una danza que representa el antagonismo y alienación de las vanguardias latinoamericanas. Su música alberga los conceptos de humor negro, de la picardía porteña cuya cuna se encuentra en los conventillos, los arrabales, las orillas de la capital federal (Megenney, 2003).  En estas páginas, me propongo analizar la presencia del antagonismo vanguardistas en las letras de cuatro tangos: Buenos Aires, Al Mundo Le Falta Un Tornillo, Cambalache y Los Mareados, así como la coexistencia simultánea de dichos conceptos en la obra  de Roberto Arlt, Los Siete Locos. The Tango and The Avant-Guarde           The tango was born at the end of the 19th Century in the geographical region known as the River Plate. It is a dance that represents the concepts of antagonism and alienation of the Latin American Avant-Guarde. Its music encompasses the sarcasm, the humor that is typically found in the slums, in the poor areas of Buenos Aires (Megenney, 2003). In this paper, I will analyze the presence of the Avant-Guarde antagonism, which is clearly present in four tango lyrics: Buenos Aires, Al Mundo Le Falta Un Tornillo, Cambalache y Los Mareados as the coexistence of the same concept in the text of Roberto Arlt’s Los Siete Locos

Necesidades de salud en la atención primaria: percepción de profesionales que actúan en la educación permanente

OBJETIVO: Conhecer o conceito de necessidades em saúde, segundo a percepção dos preceptores que integram uma equipe de Educação Permanente na Atenção Primária em Saúde de uma organização social. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada com cinco preceptores vinculados à Educação permanente dessa Instituiçao e os achados foram categorizados e analisados, conforme a Taxonomia de Necessidades de Saúde e a luz da Teoria da Determinação Social do Processo Saúde-Doença. Os cinco profissionais da equipe de preceptoria de uma organização social da zona Leste paulistana participaram da pesquisa. RESULTADOS: Os participantes abordaram as quatro categorias propostas pela taxonomia, além de discorrerem sobre a identificação das necessidades e sua satisfação. CONCLUSÃO: Os profissionais acreditam que as necessidades de saúde da população não são atendidas em razão de questões relacionadas às condições de vida, políticas públicas e visão de mundo dos profissionais.OBJECTIVE: To know the concept of necessities in health, according to the perception of the mentors who integrate a team of Permanent Education in Primary Attention of Health, in a social organization. METHODS: It was used the semi-structured interview with five mentors linked to the constant Education of that Institution; the findings were categorized and analyzed according to the Taxonomy of Health Necessities, using the Social Determination Theory of the Health-Disease Process. The five mentors of the team of preceptors of a social organization in the Sao Paulo's Eastern zone participated of the inquiry. RESULTS: The participants examined the four categories proposed by the taxonomy, besides analyzing the identification of the necessities and its fulfillment. CONCLUSION: The professionals think that the populations' health necessities are not attended due to: 1) life conditions, 2) public policies, and 3) mentors' world vision.OBJETIVO: Conocer el concepto de necesidades de la salud, según la percepción de los instructores que integran un equipo de Educación Permanente en la Atención Primaria de la Salud de una organización social. MÉTODOS: Se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada con cinco instructores vinculados a la Educación permanente de esa Institución; lo encontrado fue categorizado y analizado, conforme la Taxonomía de Necesidades de la Salud utilizando la Teoría de la Determinación Social del Proceso Salud-Enfermedad. Los cinco profesionales del equipo de instructores de una organización social de la zona Leste paulistana participaron de la investigación. RESULTADOS: Los participantes examinaron las cuatro categorías propuestas por la taxonomía, además de analizar la identificación de las necesidades y su satisfacción. CONCLUSIÓN: Los profesionales piensan que las necesidades de la salud de la población no son atendidas debido a cuestiones relacionadas a: 1) condiciones de vida, 2) políticas públicas, y 3) visión de mundo de los profesionales