Профессиональное выгорание, особенности качества жизни и психологические проблемы у врачей — анестезиологов-реаниматологов в современных условиях после пандемии COVID-19: результаты интернет-опроса

АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ: Крайне уязвимой группой медицинских специалистов, в большей степени подверженных профессиональному стрессу в условиях пандемии COVID-19, являются врачи — анестезиологи-реаниматологи. ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: Изучение степени выраженности синдрома профессионального выгорания (ПВ), особенностей качества жизни и психологических проблем у врачей — анестезиологов-реаниматологов, работающих в условиях современного стационара, а также определение факторов риска ПВ этих специалистов. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: В рамках интернет-опроса врачи заполняли опросный лист, включающий анкету с вопросами, а также опросник оценки профессионального выгорания MBI, опросник оценки качества жизни WHOQOL-BREF и Госпитальную шкалу тревоги и депрессии HADS. В рамках анализа проводили парные или множественные сравнения, а также корреляционный и регрессионный анализ. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: В онлайн-опросе участвовал 101 врач (средний возраст 38,3 ± 9,8 года, 54,5 % — женщины). Во время пандемии в «красной зоне» работали 68,3 % специалистов. В результате исследования установлено, что сформированный синдром ПВ или его признаки наблюдались через 2 года после начала пандемии у 75 % опрошенных специалистов: у 27 % он был сформирован, а у 48 % отмечались его признаки. Низкие показатели основных аспектов качества жизни — физического, психологического и социального благополучия — выявлены у 1/3 врачей, около трети специалистов имели пограничный или повышенный уровень тревоги/депрессии. Работа в «красной зоне» и повышенный уровень депрессии увеличивают вероятность ПВ, а хороший уровень социального благополучия ее понижает. ВЫВОДЫ: Полученные результаты могут быть использованы в дальнейшем для разработки научно обоснованных практических рекомендаций по профилактике синдрома ПВ и нарушений в психосоциальной сфере у врачей — анестезиологов-реаниматологов. Для профилактики развития синдрома ПВ у специалистов этого профиля и своевременного выявления специалистов, относящихся к группе риска по формированию ПВ, рекомендовано проведение периодических скрининговых обследований

Mortality Rate Due to Circulatory and Alcohol-Dependent Diseases in Different Climatic Zones of Russia

AIM: Evaluation of the impact of climatic factors on the formation of mortality due to circulatory diseases and a group of diseases related to alcohol consumption identified as alcohol-dependent. METHODS: The study subject was the adult population residing in different climatic zones of Russia: in the second, third and fourth zones, with different conditions: average annual temperature (5.2°C; 1-2°C; -2.0°C), snow cover duration (≤ 150 days, ≤ 180 days, ≈ 220 days) sunshine duration and the presence of polar night and polar day in the territory of the fourth climatic zone. The assessment “impact-case of death†was carried out by calculating the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for circulatory system diseases (CSD) and alcohol-dependent diseases (ADD) in accordance with the international classification of diseases (ICD-X). RESULTS: The SIR of death from alcohol-dependent diseases for the female population in the 4th climatic zone (Murmansk Region) was the highest: the SIR of death from ADD 1.87; 95% CI (1.5-2.7), the SIR of death from CSD 1.3; 95% CI (1.2-2.3). For the female population in the 3rd climatic zone (Novosibirsk Region), the SIR of death has amounted to: SIRADD 1.52; 95% CI (1.2-1.87), SIRCSD 1.14; 95 CI (1.01-1.3). Living in the 3rd climatic zone was not so important for the health of the male population: the SIR of death from CSD 1.1; 95% CI (1.05-1.13); the SIR of death from ADD 0.8; 95% CI (0.65-0.98). However, living in the 4th climatic zone (Murmansk Region) poses a higher risk of death for the male population: SIRCSD 1.22 (22.0%); 95% CI (1.02-3.95); SIRADD 1.45 (45.0%); 95% CI (0.98-2.1). CONCLUSION: Living in high northern latitudes contributes to higher levels of mortality, both female and male, from circulatory and alcohol-dependent diseases

A global look at time: a 24-country study of the equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory

In this article, we assess the structural equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) across 26 samples from 24 countries (N = 12,200). The ZTPI is proven to be a valid and reliable index of individual differences in time perspective across five temporal categories: Past Negative, Past Positive, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future. We obtained evidence for invariance of 36 items (out of 56) and also the five-factor structure of ZTPI across 23 countries. The short ZTPI scales are reliable for country-level analysis, whereas we recommend the use of the full scales for individual-level analysis. The short version of ZTPI will further promote integration of research in the time perspective domain in relation to many different psycho-social processes

Genomic Dissection of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia, Including 28 Subphenotypes

publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Genomic Dissection of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia, Including 28 Subphenotypes journaltitle: Cell articlelink: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.046 content_type: article copyright: © 2018 Elsevier Inc

Multiple Modes of Interaction between the Methylated DNA Binding Protein MeCP2 and Chromatin

Mutations of the methylated DNA binding protein MeCP2, a multifunctional protein that is thought to transmit epigenetic information encoded as methylated CpG dinucleotides to the transcriptional machinery, give rise to the debilitating neurodevelopmental disease Rett syndrome (RTT). In this in vitro study, the methylation-dependent and -independent interactions of wild-type and mutant human MeCP2 with defined DNA and chromatin substrates were investigated. A combination of electrophoretic mobility shift assays and visualization by electron microscopy made it possible to understand the different conformational changes underlying the gel shifts. MeCP2 is shown to have, in addition to its well-established methylated DNA binding domain, a methylation-independent DNA binding site (or sites) in the first 294 residues, while the C-terminal portion of MeCP2 (residues 295 to 486) contains one or more essential chromatin interaction regions. All of the RTT-inducing mutants tested were quantitatively bound to chromatin under our conditions, but those that tend to be associated with the more severe RTT symptoms failed to induce the extensive compaction observed with wild-type MeCP2. Two modes of MeCP2-driven compaction were observed, one promoting nucleosome clustering and the other forming DNA-MeCP2-DNA complexes. MeCP2 binding to DNA and chromatin involves a number of different molecular interactions, some of which result in compaction and oligomerization. The multifunctional roles of MeCP2 may be reflected in these different interactions

Mitochondrial mutations associated with cardiac angina

Aim: Cardiac angina is a disease in which discomfort or retrosternal pain may occur. Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries is one of the main risk factors for cardiac angina. The aim of the investigation was to analyze the association of 11 mitochondrial genome mutations with cardiac angina. In our preliminary studies an association of these mutations with atherosclerosis, a risk factor for cardiac angina, was found.Methods: We used samples of white blood cells collected from 192 patients with cardiac angina and 201 conventionally healthy study participants. DNA from blood leukocyte samples was isolated using a phenol-chloroform method. DNA amplicons containing the investigated regions of 11 mitochondrial genome mutations (m.12315G>A, m.652delG, m.5178C>A, m.14459G>A, m.3336T>C, 652insG, m.3256C>T, m.1555A>G, m.15059G>A, m.13513G>A, m.14846G>A) were pyrosequenced. The heteroplasmy level of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations was analyzed using a method developed by our laboratory on the basis of pyrosequencing technology.Results: According to the obtained data, three mitochondrial mutations of human genome correlated with cardiac angina. A positive correlation was observed for mutation m.14459G>A (P ≤ 0.05). One single nucleotide substitution m.5178C>A (P ≤ 0.1) had a trend for positive correlation. A negative correlation for mutation m.15059G>A with cardiac angina (P ≤ 0.05) was found.Conclusion: MtDNA mutations m.14459G>A and m.5178C>A can be used for evaluation the predisposition of individuals to atherosclerotic lesions. At the same time, mitochondrial genome mutation m.15059G>A may be used for gene therapy of atherosclerosis

Unique Physical Properties and Interactions of The Domains of Methylated DNA Binding Protein 2

Methylated DNA binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is a methyl CpG binding protein whose key role is the recognition of epigenetic information encoded in DNA methylation patterns. Mutation or misregulation of MeCP2 function leads to Rett syndrome as well as a variety of other autism spectrum disorders. Here, we have analyzed in detail the properties of six individually expressed human MeCP2 domains spanning the entire protein with emphasis on their interactions with each other, with DNA, and with nucleosomal arrays. Each domain contributes uniquely to the structure and function of the full-length protein. MeCP2 is ∼60% unstructured, with nine interspersed α-molecular recognition features (α-MoRFs), which are polypeptide segments predicted to acquire secondary structure upon forming complexes with binding partners. Large increases in secondary structure content are induced in some of the isolated MeCP2 domains and in the full-length protein by binding to DNA. Interactions between some MeCP2 domains in cis and trans seen in our assays likely contribute to the structure and function of the intact protein. We also show that MeCP2 has two functional halves. The N-terminal portion contains the methylated DNA binding domain (MBD) and two highly disordered flanking domains that modulate MBD-mediated DNA binding. One of these flanking domains is also capable of autonomous DNA binding. In contrast, the C-terminal portion of the protein that harbors at least two independent DNA binding domains and a chromatin-specific binding domain is largely responsible for mediating nucleosomal array compaction and oligomerization. These findings led to new mechanistic and biochemical insights regarding the conformational modulations of this intrinsically disordered protein, and its context-dependent in vivo roles