174 research outputs found

    I luoghi del possibile. Dal "Laboratorio La Galleria" a "InGenio Arte Contemporanea"

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    Torino. Servizi pubblici concepiti per promuovere l’immaginario individuale e sociale: dalla produzione protetta - del laboratorio La Galleria - alla relazione con il territorio e l’arte ufficiale attraverso Arte Plurale e lo spazio espositivo di InGenio Arte Contemporanea. Turin. Public services conceived to promote individual and social imagination: from protected production – of the studio La Galleria – to the relationship with the territory and the official art through Arte Plurale and the art gallery of InGenio Arte Contemporanea

    Consumers, city networks and commercial patterns

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    L'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen

    Using betweenness metrics to investigate the geographical distribution of retailers

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    In retailing, the spatial distribution of other stores and consumers drives the location’s accessibility and attractiveness. In particular, the literature shows that a place is more attractive for retailers if the generic routes taken by consumers often cross it. However, previous studies failed to consider that there are at least two possible consumer routes: job commutes from residential to work places and shopping trips among stores. In this paper, we analyze the impact of both consumer routes on the commercial patterns in Turin. The paper demonstrates that daily commutes to workplaces do not benefit a retailer along the trip, as much as journeys for shopping purposes do. In particular, we show that the benefits that a store can have when localized on the routes depend on the kind of goods it sells. Finally, the paper shows that stores selling homogeneous products and stores selling comparable goods can differently benefit from being located in population hotspots and in commercial areas

    Characterization of genes in the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (AS2/LOB) family in Arabidopsis thaliana, and functional and molecular comparisons between AS2 and other family members

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    The ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) gene is required for the generation of the flat and symmetrical shape of the leaf lamina in Arabidopsis. AS2 encodes a plant-specific protein with an AS2/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (AS2/LOB) domain that includes a cysteine repeat, a conserved single glycine residue and a leucine-zipper-like sequence in its amino-terminal half. The Arabidopsis genome contains 42 genes, including AS2, that encode proteins with an AS2/LOB domain in their amino-terminal halves, and these genes constitute the AS2/LOB gene family. In the present study, we cloned and characterized cDNAs that covered the putative coding regions of all members of this family, and investigated patterns of transcription systematically in Arabidopsis plants. Comparisons among amino acid sequences that had been deduced from the cloned cDNAs revealed eight groups of genes, with two or three members each, and high degrees of identity among entire amino acid sequences, suggesting that some members of the AS2/LOB family might have redundant function(s). Moreover, no member of the family exhibited significant similarity, in terms of the deduced amino acid sequence of the carboxy-terminal half, to AS2. Results of domain swapping between AS2 and other members of the family showed that the AS2/LOB domain of AS2 cannot be functionally replaced by those of other members of the family, and that only a few dissimilarities among respective amino acid residues of the AS2/LOB domain of AS2 and those of other members are important for the specific functions of AS2

    Characterization of the Channel Constriction Allowing the Access of the Substrate to the Active Site of Yeast Oxidosqualene Cyclase

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    In oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs), an enzyme which has been extensively studied as a target for hypocholesterolemic or antifungal drugs, a lipophilic channel connects the surface of the protein with the active site cavity. Active site and channel are separated by a narrow constriction operating as a mobile gate for the substrate passage. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae OSC, two aminoacidic residues of the channel/constriction apparatus, Ala525 and Glu526, were previously showed as critical for maintaining the enzyme functionality. In this work sixteen novel mutants, each bearing a substitution at or around the channel constrictions, were tested for their enzymatic activity. Modelling studies showed that the most functionality-lowering substitutions deeply alter the H-bond network involving the channel/constriction apparatus. A rotation of Tyr239 is proposed as part of the mechanism permitting the access of the substrate to the active site. The inhibition of OSC by squalene was used as a tool for understanding whether the residues under study are involved in a pre-catalytic selection and docking of the substrate oxidosqualene

    Genomic regions influencing resistance to the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica in two recombinant inbred populations of sorghum

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    Molecular markers for resistance of sorghum to the hemi-parasitic weed Striga hermonthica were mapped in two recombinant inbred populations (RIP-1, -2) of F3:5 lines developed from the crosses IS9830 × E36-1 (1) and N13 × E36-1 (2). The resistant parental lines were IS9830 and N13; the former is characterized by a low stimulation of striga seed germination, the latter by “mechanical” resistance. The genetic maps of RIP-1 and RIP-2 spanned 1,498 cM and 1,599 cM, respectively, with 137 and 157 markers distributed over 11 linkage groups. To evaluate striga resistance, we divided each RIP into set 1 (116 lines tested in 1997) and set 2 (110 lines evaluated in 1998). Field trials were conducted in five environments per year in Mali and Kenya. Heritability estimates for area under the striga number progress curve (ASNPC) in sets 1 and 2 were respectively 0.66 and 0.74 in RIP-1 and 0.81 and 0.82 in RIP-2. Across sites, composite interval mapping detected 11 QTL (quantitative trait loci) and nine QTL in sets 1 and 2 of RIP-1, explaining 77% and 80% of the genetic variance for ASNPC, respectively. The most significant RIP-1 QTL corresponded to the major-gene locus lgs (low stimulation of striga seed germination) in linkage group I. In RIP-2, 11 QTL and nine QTL explained 79% and 82% of the genetic variance for ASNPC in sets 1 and 2, respectively. Five QTL were common to both sets of each RIP, with the resistance alleles deriving from IS9830 or N13. Since their effects were validated across environments, years and independent RIP samples, these QTL are excellent candidates for marker-assisted selection

    Relationships among the A Genomes of Triticum L. Species as Evidenced by SSR Markers, in Iran

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    The relationships among 55 wheat accessions (47 accessions collected from Iran and eight accessions provided by the Institute of Plant Biology of the University of Zurich, Switzerland) belonging to eight species carrying A genome (Triticum monococcum L., T. boeoticum Boiss., T. urartu Tumanian ex Gandilyan, T. durum Desf., T. turgidum L., T. dicoccum Schrank ex Schübler, T. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Asch. & Graebner) Schweinf. and T. aestivum L.) were evaluated using 31 A genome specific microsatellite markers. A high level of polymorphism was observed among the accessions studied (PIC = 0.77). The highest gene diversity was revealed among T. durum genotypes, while the lowest genetic variation was found in T. dicoccoides accessions. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed a significant genetic variance (75.56%) among these accessions, representing a high intra-specific genetic diversity within Triticum taxa in Iran. However, such a variance was not observed among their ploidy levels. Based on the genetic similarity analysis, the accessions collected from Iran were divided into two main groups: diploids and polyploids. The genetic similarity among the diploid and polyploid species was 0.85 and 0.89 respectively. There were no significant differences in A genome diversity from different geographic regions. Based on the genetic diversity analyses, we consider there is value in a greater sampling of each species in Iran to discover useful genes for breeding purposes

    Misregulation of the LOB domain gene DDA1 suggests possible functions in auxin signalling and photomorphogenesis

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    The LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) gene family encodes plant-specific transcription factors. In this report, the LBD gene DOWN IN DARK AND AUXIN1 (DDA1), which is closely related to LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB) and ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2), was characterized. DDA1 is expressed primarily in vascular tissues and its transcript levels were reduced by exposure to exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA or auxin) and in response to dark exposure. Analysis of a T-DNA insertion line, dda1-1, in which the insertion resulted in misregulation of DDA1 transcripts in the presence of IAA and in the dark revealed possible functions in auxin response and photomorphogenesis. dda1-1 plants exhibited reduced sensitivity to auxin, produced fewer lateral roots, and displayed aberrant hypocotyl elongation in the dark. Phenotypes resulting from fusion of a transcriptional repression domain to DDA1 suggest that DDA1 may act as both a transcriptional activator and a transcriptional repressor depending on the context. These results indicate that DDA1 may function in both the auxin signalling and photomorphogenesis pathways

    A Single Molecule Scaffold for the Maize Genome

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    About 85% of the maize genome consists of highly repetitive sequences that are interspersed by low-copy, gene-coding sequences. The maize community has dealt with this genomic complexity by the construction of an integrated genetic and physical map (iMap), but this resource alone was not sufficient for ensuring the quality of the current sequence build. For this purpose, we constructed a genome-wide, high-resolution optical map of the maize inbred line B73 genome containing >91,000 restriction sites (averaging 1 site/∼23 kb) accrued from mapping genomic DNA molecules. Our optical map comprises 66 contigs, averaging 31.88 Mb in size and spanning 91.5% (2,103.93 Mb/∼2,300 Mb) of the maize genome. A new algorithm was created that considered both optical map and unfinished BAC sequence data for placing 60/66 (2,032.42 Mb) optical map contigs onto the maize iMap. The alignment of optical maps against numerous data sources yielded comprehensive results that proved revealing and productive. For example, gaps were uncovered and characterized within the iMap, the FPC (fingerprinted contigs) map, and the chromosome-wide pseudomolecules. Such alignments also suggested amended placements of FPC contigs on the maize genetic map and proactively guided the assembly of chromosome-wide pseudomolecules, especially within complex genomic regions. Lastly, we think that the full integration of B73 optical maps with the maize iMap would greatly facilitate maize sequence finishing efforts that would make it a valuable reference for comparative studies among cereals, or other maize inbred lines and cultivars
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