Smart Cities and New Technology Trends State of the art and perspectives

Smart cities are becoming the trend in strategic and technological planning in the modern world to qualify a city as a smart city, we should overcome several challenges in other words, it’s an equation of heterogeneous settings and parameters for a concrete outcome which is improving the quality of life for citizens in mobility and access to services in their entourage. The components of the "smart city" equation are multiple and are essentially urban and environmental coupled with technological and social governance, our goal is to draw up an action plan highlighting the state of the art of the technological and social components in terms of: • Technology: big data, Internet of Things. • User Motivation: gamification. This article discusses the architectural part of the smart city from a perspective based on the foundation of good technological practices and technical users loyalty in their interaction with the city. This work is a first step for a future study on the mobility of citizens and mechanisms that motivate their movements

Risques géologiques et activité sismique dans la région d'Al Hoceima (Maroc) : Approche de la quantification des facteurs responsables du déclenchement des instabilités de terrain Geological hazards and seismic activity within the area of Al Hoceima (Morocco): Approach of quantifying factors responsible for the triggering of the ground instabilities

International audienceCe travail présente une étude des risques géologiques liés à l'activité sismique de la région d'Al Hoceima, Maroc. Cette étude a nécessité l'identification des modifications récentes enregistrées dans les formations géologiques, conséquentes de la crise sismique qu'a connue la région en 1994. L'analyse de ces phénomènes a permis de mettre en évidence les liens entre la sismicité et les instabilités de terrain. Un essai de quantification des facteurs responsables du déclenchement de ces instabilités a conduit à suggérer que la pente ainsi que la sismicité constituent les facteurs capitaux dans l'occurrence des mouvements de terrain. This work presents a study of the geological hazards caused by seismic activity within Al Hoceima region, Morocco. This study required the identification of recent geological modifications caused by the seismic crisis of 1994. The analysis undertaken revealed the existence of a good correlation between seismicity and the geological field data. Furthermore, an attempt of quantifying the triggering factors of land instabilities caused us to suggest that the slope and seismicity are the main factors in the studied area

Calcul De L’indice De Qualité De L’eau (IQE) Pour L’évaluation De La Qualité Physico-Chimique Des Eaux Superficielles De L’Oued Moulouya (NE, Maroc)

L’indice de qualité de l'eau (IQE) est une expression numérique utilisée pour évaluer la qualité globale de l'eau à partir d’une grande quantité de données et il est facilement compris par les gestionnaires et décideurs. Dans cette étude, l’IQE à neuf paramètres physico-chimiques(pH, T°C, CE, O_diss, NH4, NO3, SO4, PO4 et DBO5) est utilisé pour évaluer la qualité globale des eaux superficielles de l’Oued Moulouya dans le Nord Est du Maroc pendant la période de mars à aout 2014. Vingt-deux sites ont été étudiés depuis l’amont de l’oued dans le Haut Atlas jusqu’à l’embouchure en Méditerranée sur environ 600 km de long. En amont dans la Haute Moulouya, la qualité des eaux reste excellente sans grande variation saisonnière excepté les sites au niveau des communes urbaines de Boumia et de Zaida où la qualité est respectivement mauvaise (IQE de 65 à 74) et non potable (IQE de 388 à 584). Dans la Moyenne et Basse Moulouya, la qualité des eaux diminue (IQE de 18 à 335) en allant d’excellente à non potable pendant l’hiver et le printemps et de bonne à non potable pendant l’été (IQE de 23 à 451). La dégradation de la qualité des eaux au niveau des communes de Boumia, Zaida, Missour et Gercif peut être due aux activités agricoles et aux rejets des eaux usées urbaines de ces agglomérations situées le long de l’oued. De façon saisonnière, la qualité de l'eau diminue de l'hiver à l'été en relation avec les variations des débits. De ce fait, la priorité doit être donnée à la réduction de ces sources de pollution afin de protéger les ressources en eau et d'améliorer la qualité de l'eau dans le bassin versant. The Water Quality Index (WQI) is a numerical expression used to assess the overall water quality from a large amount of data and to be easily understood by managers and decision-makers. In this study, the WQI with nine physicochemical parameters (pH, T °C, CE, O_diss, NH4, NO3, SO4, PO4 and BOD5) was used to evaluate the overall quality of the surface waters of the Moulouya River in the northeastern of Morocco during the period from March to August 2014. Twenty-two sites were studied from upstream of the wadi in the High Atlas to the mouth in the Mediterranean Sea about 600 km long. Upstream in the Upper Moulouya, water quality remains excellent with little seasonal variation except in the urban communes of Boumia and Zaida where the quality is respectively poor (WQI from 65 to 74) to non-potable (WQI from 388 to 584). In the Middle and Lower Moulouya, the quality of water decreases (WQI from 18 to 335) and varies between excellent, good, bad and not drinkable during the winter and the spring and between good, bad and not drinkable during the summer (WQI from 23 to 451). The deterioration of water quality in the communes of Boumia, Zaida, Missour and Gercif is due to agricultural activities and discharges of urban wastewater from these agglomerations located along the wadi. Seasonally, water quality has decreased from winter to summer, probably in relation to flow variations. As such, priority should be given to reducing these sources of pollution in order to protect water resources and improve water quality in the watershed

7,8-Dihydro-8-oxoadenine, a highly mutagenic adduct, is repaired by Escherichia coli and human mismatch-specific uracil/thymine-DNA glycosylases

Hydroxyl radicals predominantly react with the C(8) of purines forming 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8oxoG) and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine (8oxoA) adducts, which are highly mutagenic in mammalian cells. The majority of oxidized DNA bases are removed by DNA glycosylases in the base excision repair pathway. Here, we report for the first time that human thymine-DNA glycosylase (hTDG) and Escherichia coli mismatch-specific uracil-DNA glycosylase (MUG) can remove 8oxoA from 8oxoA*T, 8oxoA*G and 8oxoA*C pairs. Comparison of the kinetic parameters of the reaction indicates that full-length hTDG excises 8oxoA, 3,N(4)-ethenocytosine (epsilonC) and T with similar efficiency (k(max) = 0.35, 0.36 and 0.16 min(-1), respectively) and is more proficient as compared with its bacterial homologue MUG. The N-terminal domain of the hTDG protein is essential for 8oxoA-DNA glycosylase activity, but not for epsilonC repair. Interestingly, the TDG status had little or no effect on the proliferation rate of mouse embryonic fibroblasts after exposure to gamma-irradiation. Nevertheless, using whole cell-free extracts from the DNA glycosylase-deficient murine embryonic fibroblasts and E. coli, we demonstrate that the excision of 8oxoA from 8oxoA*T and 8oxoA*G has an absolute requirement for TDG and MUG, respectively. The data establish that MUG and TDG can counteract the genotoxic effects of 8oxoA residues in vivo

7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine, a highly mutagenic adduct, is repaired by Escherichia coli and human mismatch-specific uracil/thymine-DNA glycosylases

Hydroxyl radicals predominantly react with the C8 of purines forming 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8oxoG) and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine (8oxoA) adducts, which are highly mutagenic in mammalian cells. The majority of oxidized DNA bases are removed by DNA glycosylases in the base excision repair pathway. Here, we report for the first time that human thymine-DNA glycosylase (hTDG) and Escherichia coli mismatch-specific uracil-DNA glycosylase (MUG) can remove 8oxoA from 8oxoA•T, 8oxoA•G and 8oxoA•C pairs. Comparison of the kinetic parameters of the reaction indicates that full-length hTDG excises 8oxoA, 3,N4-ethenocytosine (εC) and T with similar efficiency (kmax = 0.35, 0.36 and 0.16 min−1, respectively) and is more proficient as compared with its bacterial homologue MUG. The N-terminal domain of the hTDG protein is essential for 8oxoA-DNA glycosylase activity, but not for εC repair. Interestingly, the TDG status had little or no effect on the proliferation rate of mouse embryonic fibroblasts after exposure to γ-irradiation. Nevertheless, using whole cell-free extracts from the DNA glycosylase-deficient murine embryonic fibroblasts and E. coli, we demonstrate that the excision of 8oxoA from 8oxoA•T and 8oxoA•G has an absolute requirement for TDG and MUG, respectively. The data establish that MUG and TDG can counteract the genotoxic effects of 8oxoA residues in viv

Aberrant repair initiated by mismatch-specific thymine-DNA glycosylases provides a mechanism for the mutational bias observed in CpG islands

The human thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) initiates the base excision repair (BER) pathway to remove spontaneous and induced DNA base damage. It was first biochemically characterized for its ability to remove T mispaired with G in CpG context. TDG is involved in the epigenetic regulation of gene expressions by protecting CpG-rich promoters from de novo DNA methylation. Here we demonstrate that TDG initiates aberrant repair by excising T when it is paired with a damaged adenine residue in DNA duplex. TDG targets the non-damaged DNA strand and efficiently excises T opposite of hypoxanthine (Hx), 1,N6-ethenoadenine, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine and abasic site in TpG/CpX context, where X is a modified residue. In vitro reconstitution of BER with duplex DNA containing Hx•T pair and TDG results in incorporation of cytosine across Hx. Furthermore, analysis of the mutation spectra inferred from single nucleotide polymorphisms in human population revealed a highly biased mutation pattern within CpG islands (CGIs), with enhanced mutation rate at CpA and TpG sites. These findings demonstrate that under experimental conditions used TDG catalyzes sequence context-dependent aberrant removal of thymine, which results in TpG, CpA→CpGmutations, thus providing a plausible mechanism for the putative evolutionary origin of the CGIs in mammalian genomes

FANCD2 promotes mitotic rescue from transcription-mediated replication stress in SETX-deficient cancer cells

Replication stress (RS) is a leading cause of genome instability and cancer development. A substantial source of endogenous RS originates from the encounter between the transcription and replication machineries operating on the same DNA template. This occurs predominantly under specific contexts, such as oncogene activation, metabolic stress, or a deficiency in proteins that specifically act to prevent or resolve those transcription-replication conflicts (TRCs). One such protein is Senataxin (SETX), an RNA:DNA helicase involved in resolution of TRCs and R-loops. Here we identify a synthetic lethal interaction between SETX and proteins of the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway. Depletion of SETX induces spontaneous under-replication and chromosome fragility due to active transcription and R-loops that persist in mitosis. These fragile loci are targeted by the Fanconi anemia protein, FANCD2, to facilitate the resolution of under-replicated DNA, thus preventing chromosome mis-segregation and allowing cells to proliferate. Mechanistically, we show that FANCD2 promotes mitotic DNA synthesis that is dependent on XPF and MUS81 endonucleases. Importantly, co-depleting FANCD2 together with SETX impairs cancer cell proliferation, without significantly affecting non-cancerous cells. Therefore, we uncovered a synthetic lethality between SETX and FA proteins for tolerance of transcription-mediated RS that may be exploited for cancer therapy

Interaction between liquidity risk and bank solvency, a crucial effect in a framework of simultaneous equations

Глобальна фінансова криза «2008-09» підкреслила, що взаємодія між ризиком ліквідності та платоспроможністю банку є важливим фактором, який робить банки особливо вразливими до глобальної кризи. Водночас моделі стрес-тестування не враховують динаміку між платоспроможністю та ризиком ліквідності як можливість зменшення впливу стресу на платоспроможність та фінансову стабільність банку. У цьому контексті мета цієї статті полягає в тому, щоб вивчити це надзвичайно актуальне питання у фінансовій літературі та відповісти на головне питання: чи взаємодія між платоспроможністю та ризиком ліквідності є емпірично значущою в контексті алжирських банків? На основі економетричної моделі з використанням підходу одночасного рівняння на панелі даних 19 банків за 6 років поспіль (з 2016 по 2021). Наші результати підтверджують нашу гіпотезу про взаємодію та показують, що ці два ризики визначаються одночасно. Спираючись на цей висновок, ми пропонуємо, щоб органи влади зосередили увагу на розробці інтегрованих стрес-тестів ліквідності та платоспроможності. Наші результати також показують, що алжирським банкам необхідно створити нормативну базу для ліквідності відповідно до міжнародних пруденційних норм для підвищення ефективності цього сектора.The “2008-09” global financial crisis has underlined that the interaction between liquidity risk and bank solvency forms an important factor that makes banks particularly vulnerable to a global crisis. At the same time, stress-testing models do not consider the dynamics between solvency and liquidity risk the possibility of reducing the impact of stress on bank solvency and financial stability. In this context, the aim of this paper is to examine this highly relevant issue in the financial literature, and answer to the main question: Is the interaction between solvency and liquidity risk empirically significant in the context of the Algerian banks? Based on an econometric model using a simultaneous equation approach on panel data of 19 banks over 6 years running from (2016 to 2021). Our results validate our hypothesis about the interaction and show that these two risks are determined simultaneously. Building on this finding, we suggest that the authorities should emphasise developing integrated liquidity and solvency stress tests. Our results also show the need of the Algerian banks to set up a regulatory framework for liquidity in line with the international prudential regulations to enhance the performance of this sector

From Olive Fruits to Olive Oil: Phenolic Compound Transfer in Six Different Olive Cultivars Grown under the Same Agronomical Conditions

Phenolic compounds are responsible of the nutritional and sensory quality of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO). The composition of phenolic compounds in EVOO is related to the initial content of phenolic compounds in the olive-fruit tissues and the activity of enzymes acting on these compounds during the industrial process to produce the oil. In this work, the phenolic composition was studied in six major cultivars grown in the same orchard under the same agronomical and environmental conditions in an effort to test the effects of cultivars on phenolic composition in fruits and oils as well as on transfer between matrices. The phenolic fractions were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. A total of 33 phenolic compounds were determined in the fruit samples and a total of 20 compounds in their corresponding oils. Qualitative and quantitative differences in phenolic composition were found among cultivars in both matrices, as well as regarding the transfer rate of phenolic compounds from fruits to oil. The results also varied according to the different phenolic groups evaluated, with secoiridoids registering the highest transfer rates from fruits to oils. Moreover, wide-ranging differences have been noticed between cultivars for the transfer rates of secoiridoids (4.36%–65.63% of total transfer rate) and for flavonoids (0.18%–0.67% of total transfer rate). ‘Picual’ was the cultivar that transferred secoiridoids to oil at the highest rate, whereas ‘Changlot Real’ was the cultivar that transferred flavonoids at the highest rates instead. Principal-component analysis confirmed a strong genetic effect on the basis of the phenolic profile both in the olive fruits and in the oils.This research was partly funded by project P11-AGR-7301 of the Andalusian Regional Government Council of Innovation and Science and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. The analytical part was financially supported by Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (AGL2015-67995-C3) and the Andalusian Regional Government Council of Innovation and Science (P10-FQM-6563, P11-CTS-7625). The authors thank the International Olive Oil Council (IOC) for the grant (Ref.: T1 6-Doct 1/12) and the Ministry of Education and Competitiveness for the postdoctoral contract Juan de la Cierva (JCI-2012-12566)

Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of chlorine atoms with CH 2 F 2 , CH 3 CCl 3 , and CF 3 CFH 2 over the temperature range 253–553 K

Relative rate techniques were used to study the title reactions in 930–1200 mbar of N 2 diluent. The reaction rate coefficients measured in the present work are summarized by the expressions k (Cl + CH 2 F 2 ) = 1.19 × 10 −17 T 2 exp(−1023/T) cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 (253–553 K), k (Cl + CH 3 CCl 3 ) = 2.41 × 10 −12 exp(−1630/T) cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 (253–313 K), and k (Cl + CF 3 CFH 2 ) = 1.27 × 10 −12 exp(−2019/T) cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 (253–313 K). Results are discussed with respect to the literature data. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 401–406, 2009Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62132/1/20398_ftp.pd